The Randolph Caldecott Medal, frequently shortened to just the Caldecott, annually recognizes the preceding year's "most distinguished American picture book for children". It is awarded to the illustrator by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), a division of the American Library Association (ALA). The Caldecott and Newbery Medals are considered the most prestigious American children's book awards. Besides the Caldecott Medal, the committee awards a variable number of citations to runners-up they deem worthy, called the Caldecott Honor or Caldecott Honor Books.
| Caldecott Medal | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Awarded for | "the most distinguished American picture book for children" |
| Country | United States |
| Presented by | Association for Library Service to Children, a division of the American Library Association |
| First awarded | 1938 |
| Website | ala |
The Caldecott Medal was first proposed by Frederic G. Melcher in 1937. The award was named after English illustrator Randolph Caldecott. Unchanged since its founding, the medal, which is given to every winner, features two of Caldecott's illustrations. The awarding process has changed several times over the years, including the use of the term "Honor" for the runner-ups beginning in 1971. There have been between one and five honor books named each year.
To be eligible for a Caldecott, the book must be published in English, in the United States first, and be drawn by an American illustrator. An award committee decides on a winner in January or February, voting using a multi-round point system. The committee judges books on several criteria to meet the Caldecott's goal of recognizing "distinguished illustrations in a picture book and for excellence of pictorial presentation for children."
Winning the award can lead to a substantial rise in books sold. It can also increase the prominence of illustrators. Illustrator and author Marcia Brown is the most recognized Caldecott illustrator, having won three medals and having six honor books. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of minority characters and illustrators recognized. However, this is something which has fluctuated over the history of the award.
History
edit
The Caldecott was suggested in 1937 by Frederic G. Melcher, former editor of Publishers Weekly, following the establishment of the Newbery Medal in 1921.[1]: 1 The American Library Association adopted Melcher's suggestion of awarding a medal to the illustrator "who had created the most distinguished picture book of the year."[2] According to children's literature expert Leonard S. Marcus, the award helped draw American artists into the field of children's books.[3]
The award has been tweaked over the years, with the most recent changes in 2009. When the award was founded, books could be considered either for the Newbery or the Caldecott, with the same committee judging both awards. The committee noted other books of merit, which were frequently referred to as runner-ups. In 1971, these books were formally named Caldecott Honor books, with this name applied retroactively. In 1977, books became eligible for both awards and, beginning with the 1980 award, separate committees for each award were formed. Until 1958, a previous winner could win again only by unanimous vote of the committee, and it was only in 1963 when joint winners were first permitted.[1]: 2
Medal
edit
The award is named for Randolph Caldecott, a nineteenth-century English illustrator. Rene Paul Chambellan designed the Medal in 1937. The obverse scene is derived from Randolph Caldecott's front cover illustration for The Diverting History of John Gilpin (Routledge, 1878, an edition of the 1782 poem by William Cowper), which depicts John Gilpin astride a runaway horse.[2][4] The reverse is based on "Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie", one of Caldecott's illustrations for the nursery rhyme "Sing a Song of Sixpence".[4]
Each illustrator receives a bronze copy of the medal, which, despite being awarded by the Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), lists Children's Librarian's Section, the original awarding group, for historical reasons.[1]: 3 [5]: 8
Eligibility and criteria
edit
A picture book, according to the award criteria, provides "a visual experience. A picture book has a collective unity of storyline, theme, or concept, developed through the series of pictures" that constitute the book.[7] The Medal is "for distinguished illustrations in a picture book and for excellence of pictorial presentation for children".[7] Specifically, the illustrations are judged on their artistic technique, interpretation of the book's story and theme, the fit between the illustrations and the story and themes, the precision of depiction of elements of the book, like characters and mood, and how well the illustrations serve their _targeted audience. Honor books need to fulfill the same criteria. The book must be self-contained, independent of other media for its enjoyment. Components other than illustration, including the book's text or overall design, may be considered as they affect the overall effectiveness of the book's illustrations.[7]
To be eligible for the Caldecott, the artist must be a US citizen or resident, the book must have been published in English, in the United States first, or simultaneously in other countries. Picture books for any audience up to the age of 14 may be considered.[7] In December 2019, children's literature expert Leonard S. Marcus suggested that the Caldecott had achieved its mission in the US and the award should be expanded so children's book illustrations from anywhere in the world be considered.[8]
Selection process
editThe committee that decides on the Caldecott Award winner comprises fifteen members of ALSC. Seven members are elected by the entire ALSC membership and eight, including the chairperson, are appointed by the ALSC President. Members are chosen based on their experience. Consideration is also done to ensure a diversity of libraries (e.g. public and school, small and large), and geographical areas are represented as well.[5]: 7 Publishers send copies of books to the committee; in 2009, each member received more than 700.[9] However, a book does not need to be sent to the committee to be considered.[5]: 27 Instead, to help identify possible contenders, committee members formally nominate seven books in three rounds over the year, and less formally recommend others.[9]
At ALSC's annual midwinter meeting, held in late January or early February, the committee will discuss the nominations and hold a vote on the winner.[5]: 8 When voting, committee members list their first place, second place, and third place selections. Each vote is assigned a point value, with first place votes receiving four points, second place three points, and third place two points. The winner must receive at least eight first place votes and be at least eight points ahead of the second-place finisher.[5]: 38 After a winner is selected, the committee can decide whether to award any honor books. They may be chosen from runner-ups to the winner, or be selected in a separate ballot.[5]: 39 The winner and honor books are kept secret until they are publicly announced, with the committee calling the winning illustrators the morning of the announcement.[5]: 40
In 2015, K. T. Horning of the University of Wisconsin–Madison's Cooperative Children's Book Center proposed to ALSC that old discussions of the Newbery and Caldecott be made public in the service of researchers and historians.[10] This proposal was met with both support and criticism by former committee members and recognized authors.[11][12] As of 2020[update], no change has been made.
Impact and analysis
editThe Caldecott and Newbery awards have historically been considered the most important children's book awards.[13][14] Anita Silvey, children's book author, editor, and critic, suggests they might even be the most important book awards, saying that "no other award has the economic significance of the Newbery and Caldecott".[3] According to Silvey, a Caldecott winner can have sales increased from 2,000 to 100,000–200,000. Silvey also credits the Caldecott for helping to establish Bradbury Press and Roaring Brook Press as important publishers. It can also be an important recognition for authors. According to Leonard Marcus, Where the Wild Things Are's recognition brought its author and illustrator, Maurice Sendak, to national prominence.[3]
A 1999 study on the reading levels of Caldecott recipients suggested that most winners were written at the elementary age level, with the average reading level having decreased over time.[15] A 2007 study of Caldecott recipients found that the prevalence and importance of female characters had risen and fallen several times over the history of the Caldecott. It also found that, unlike recipients of the Pura Belpré Award and Coretta Scott King Award, the behaviors of male and female characters remained distinct and adhered to traditional gender norms.[16] A different 2007 study, by one of the same authors, also found an increase in the number of minority characters following a 1965 critique by Nancy Larrick, however the number of minorities had fallen by the 2000s.[17] In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of minority characters and illustrators recognized.[18][19] The Horn Book Magazine editor Martha Parravano has noted how rarely non-fiction books, especially non-fiction books about science, are recognized by the Caldecott.[20]
Recipients
editIn 1938, Dorothy P. Lathrop’s illustrations for Animals of the Bible won her the inaugural Caldecott Medal, awarded for the year’s “most distinguished American picture book for children.”
Multiple award winners
edit
Listed below are all illustrators who have won at least two Caldecott Medals or who have won a Medal and multiple honors.
| Illustrator | Nos. of total Medals and Honors | Nos. of Caldecott Medals | Caldecott Medals | Nos. of Caldecott Honors | Caldecott Honors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marcia Brown | 9 | 3 | 1955, 1962, 1983 | 6 | 1948, 1950, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954 |
| Maurice Sendak | 8 | 1 | 1964 | 7 | 1954, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1971, 1982 |
| Marie Hall Ets | 6 | 1 | 1960 | 5 | 1945, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1966 |
| Jerry Pinkney | 6 | 1 | 2010 | 5 | 1989, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2003 |
| David Wiesner | 6 | 3 | 1992, 2002, 2007 | 3 | 1989, 2000, 2014 |
| Robert McCloskey | 5 | 2 | 1942, 1958 | 3 | 1949, 1953, 1954 |
| Trina Schart Hyman | 4 | 1 | 1985 | 3 | 1984, 1990, 2000 |
| Blair Lent | 4 | 1 | 1973 | 3 | 1965, 1969, 1971 |
| Evaline Ness | 4 | 1 | 1967 | 3 | 1964, 1965, 1966 |
| Uri Shulevitz | 4 | 1 | 1969 | 3 | 1980, 1999, 2009 |
| Paul O. Zelinsky | 4 | 1 | 1998 | 3 | 1985, 1987, 1995 |
| Stephen Gammell | 3 | 1 | 1989 | 2 | 1982, 1986 |
| Jon Klassen | 3 | 1 | 2013 | 2 | 2013, 2015 |
| Robert Lawson | 3 | 1 | 1941 | 2 | 1938, 1939 |
| Nonny Hogrogian | 3 | 2 | 1966, 1972 | 1 | 1977 |
| Berta and Elmer Hader | 3 | 1 | 1949 | 2 | 1940, 1944 |
| Kevin Henkes | 3 | 1 | 2005 | 2 | 1994, 2016 |
| Arnold Lobel | 3 | 1 | 1981 | 2 | 1971, 1972 |
| David Macaulay | 3 | 1 | 1991 | 2 | 1974, 1978 |
| Gerald McDermott | 3 | 1 | 1975 | 2 | 1973, 1994 |
| Kadir Nelson | 3 | 1 | 2020 | 2 | 2007, 2008 |
| Leo Politi | 3 | 1 | 1950 | 2 | 1947, 1949 |
| Chris Raschka | 3 | 2 | 2006, 2012 | 1 | 1994 |
| Marc Simont | 3 | 1 | 1957 | 2 | 1950, 2002 |
| David Small | 3 | 1 | 2001 | 2 | 1998, 2013 |
| Chris Van Allsburg | 3 | 2 | 1982, 1986 | 1 | 1980 |
| Leonard Weisgard | 3 | 1 | 1947 | 2 | 1946, 1947 |
| Ed Young | 3 | 1 | 1990 | 2 | 1968, 1993 |
| Margot Zemach | 3 | 1 | 1974 | 2 | 1970, 1978 |
| Sophie Blackall | 2 | 2 | 2016, 2019 | ||
| Barbara Cooney | 2 | 2 | 1959, 1980 | ||
| Leo and Diane Dillon | 2 | 2 | 1976, 1977 |
See also
edit
- Kate Greenaway Medal, for illustration of a British children's book
- Theodor Seuss Geisel Award, for an American book for beginning readers
References
edit- ^ a b c Association for Library Service to Children (2018). The Newbery & Caldecott Awards : a guide to the medal and honor books. Chicago: American Library Association. ISBN 978-0-8389-1730-5. OCLC 1020310919.
- ^ a b "The Randolph Caldecott Medal". Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). November 30, 1999. Archived from the original on September 21, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- ^ a b c Maughan, Shannon (December 2, 2011). "A Short History of the Newbery and Caldecott Medals". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ a b Gettins, Elizabeth (December 18, 2017). "Rare Book of the Month: Caldecott for Christmas | Library of Congress Blog". blogs.loc.gov. Archived from the original on December 7, 2019. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Randolph Caldecott Medal Committee Manual" (docx). Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). American Library Association. August 2015. Archived from the original on December 30, 2019. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ "Caldecott, Randolph 1846–1886". Children's Literature Review. January 1, 2005. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
- ^ a b c d "[Caldecott] Terms and Criteria". Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). American Library Association. 2008 [1978]. Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2020.
- ^ Marcus, Leonard S. (December 12, 2019). "The Caldecott Medal Needs an International Makeover". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ a b Colburn, Nell (February 1, 2010). "Caldecott Confidential: What's next year's best picture book for kids? Please, don't ask". School Library Journal. Reed Business Information: 39–40. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
Colburn chaired the 2009 Caldecott committee. - ^ Horning, Kathleen T. (June 3, 2016). "I Could Tell You About the Newbery and Caldecott Committees. But I Can't. | Up for Debate". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ Spicer, Ed (June 3, 2016). "Let Book Awards Committee Members Blab | Up for Debate". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ Santat, Dan (June 3, 2016). "Why You Don't Want To Know More About the Newbery and Caldecott | Up for Debate". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2019. Retrieved December 31, 2018.
- ^ "Children's-Book Award To Lincoln Biography". The New York Times. January 12, 1988. p. C18. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Quattlebaum, Mary (January 28, 2019). "'Merci Suárez' wins Newbery; 'Hello Lighthouse' claims Caldecott". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 2, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Chamberlain, Julia; Leal, Dorothy (1999). "Caldecott Medal Books and Readability Levels: Not Just "Picture" Books". The Reading Teacher. 52 (8): 898–902. ISSN 0034-0561. JSTOR 20204726.
- ^ Clark, Roger; Keller, Pamela J.; Knights, April; Nabar, Jennifer; Ramsbey, Theil B.; Ramsbey, Thomas (2007). "Let Me Draw You a Picture: Alternative and Changing Views of Gender in Award-Winning PIcture books for Children". International Review of Modern Sociology. 33 (1): 69–96. ISSN 0973-2047. JSTOR 41421255.
- ^ Clark, Roger (2007). "From Margin to Margin? Females and Minorities in Newbery and Caldecott Medal-Winning and Honor Books for Children". International Journal of Sociology of the Family. 33 (2): 263–283. ISSN 0020-7667. JSTOR 23070734.
- ^ Lindsay, Nina (March 2, 2015). "The 2015 Youth Media Awards: A Crossover Year for Diversity". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Yorio, Kara (January 29, 2019). "Diversity, Debate, and the Magic of Books: A Look at the 2019 Youth Media Awards". School Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Parravano, Martha V. (March 3, 2017). "Calling Caldecott | Science books and the Caldecott". The Horn Book. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ Horning, Kathleen T. (January 8, 2013). "Thomas Handforth, China, and the Real Mei Li". The Horn Book. Archived from the original on January 14, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ a b Napoli, Lisa (March 14, 2019). "This 20th century street artist captured the soul of Los Angeles". Curbed LA. Archived from the original on September 11, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Raugust, Karen (January 18, 2018). "'Jumanji' Rules the January Box Office". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on August 10, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Maughan, Shannon (November 8, 2004). "All Aboard for Literacy". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Macaulay, David (July–August 1991). "Caldecott Medal Acceptance". Horn Book Magazine. 67 (4). ISSN 0018-5078. Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
- ^ Corbett, Sue (October 27, 2016). "The Boss Baby Gets a Starring Role – and Second Billing". Publishers Weekly. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Hsu, Connie (July 1, 2015). "Profile of 2015 Caldecott Medal winner Dan Santat". The Horn Book. Archived from the original on August 2, 2020. Retrieved August 26, 2020.
- ^ Grenby, M. O. (Matthew Orville); Immel, Andrea, eds. (2013). The Cambridge companion to children's literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-68782-9. OCLC 1013120814.
- ^ "Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Children's Video (HISTORICAL) | Awards & Grants". American Library Association. Archived from the original on June 18, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ "(Theodor Seuss) Geisel Award winners and honor books, 2006 – present". Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). November 30, 1999. Archived from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Rocket, Stubby the (February 3, 2015). "This One Summer is the First Graphic Novel to Receive the Caldecott Honor". Tor.com. Archived from the original on July 4, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ Heintjes, Tom (January 20, 2017). "Reigning Cat and Dog: An Interview with MUTTS Creator Patrick McDonnell". Hogan's Alley. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Cheney, Alexandra (January 14, 2011). "Caldecott Winner Erin E. Stead on 'A Sick Day for Amos McGee'". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on March 27, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- ^ "Caldecott Medal & Honor Books, 1938–Present" Archived April 24, 2019, at the Wayback Machine. Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). American Library Association. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ Robinson, Lolly (January 29, 2013). "Caldecott 2013 post mortem". The Horn Book. Archived from the original on January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
- ^ Smith, Ryan P. (May 15, 2018). "Famed for "Immortal" Cells, Henrietta Lacks is Immortalized in Portraiture". Smithsonian Magazine. Archived from the original on June 25, 2020. Retrieved July 3, 2020.
- Citations
- "Randolph Caldecott Medal Committee Manual (formatted August 2012)" (PDF). Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC). American Library Association (ALA). June 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 10, 2013. Retrieved May 3, 2013.
Further reading
edit- Kolbe, Richard; Joseph C.Lavoie (1981). "Sex-Role Stereotyping in Preschool Children's Picture Books". Social Psychology Quarterly. 44 (4): 369–74. doi:10.2307/3033906. JSTOR 3033906.
- Marcus, Leonard S. (August 11, 2013). "Seal Of Approval". The New York Times Book Review. Archived from the original on August 11, 2013. Retrieved August 10, 2013.
- Smith, Irene (1957). A History of the Newbery and Caldecott Medals. New York: Viking Press.
- Ebook Central Academic Complete. In the Words of the Winners: The Newbery and Caldecott Medals, 2001–2010. Chicago: American Library Association, 2011.
External links
edit