A cama is a hybrid between a male dromedary camel and a female llama, and has been produced via artificial insemination at the Camel Reproduction Centre in Dubai.[1] The first cama was born on January 14, 1998. The aim was to create an animal capable of higher wool production than the llama, with the size and strength of a camel and a cooperative temperament.[2]
| Cama (animal) | |
|---|---|
Domesticated
| |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Artiodactyla |
| Family: | Camelidae |
| Subfamily: | Camelinae |
| Hybrid: | Camelus dromedarius♂ × Lama glama♀ |
Breeding
editThe crossing was initially reported by The Ogdensburg Journal in 1871.[3]
The dromedary has 74 diploid chromosomes, the same as other camelids. The autosomes consist of five pairs of small to medium-sized metacentrics and submetacentrics.[4] The X chromosome is the largest in the metacentric and submetacentric group. There are 31 pairs of acrocentrics.[4] The dromedary's karyotype is similar to that of the Bactrian camel.[5]
As an adult, dromedary camels can weigh up to six times as much as a llama; as such, the hybrid needs to be produced by artificial insemination. Insemination of a female llama with sperm from a male dromedary camel has been the only successful combination. Inseminating a female camel with llama sperm has not produced viable offspring.[6][7]
The first cama showed signs of becoming sexually mature at age four, when he showed a desire to breed with a female guanaco and a female llama. He was also a behavioral disappointment, displaying an extremely poor temperament. The second cama, a female named Kamilah, was successfully born in 2002. As of April 2008, five camas had been produced.[8]
Food and drink
editMuch like camels, camas are herbivores that eat shrubs and other plant matter. As they can drink large amounts of water at a time, camas can survive with little or no water for long periods.
Comparison of camelids
editThe camelid family consists of the Old World camelids (the dromedary camels, Bactrian camels, and wild Bactrian camels) and the New World camelids (the llama, vicuna, suri alpaca, huacaya alpaca, and guanaco). Though there have been successful and fertile hybrids within each major groups of camelids, the cama marks the first instance of cross-breeding between the two groups. The following is a table comparing some of the characteristics of camelids.[1][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
| Common name | Scientific name | Life span | Adult weight | Height at shoulder | Length of fur | Load-bearing capacity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dromedary camel | Camelus dromedarius | 40–50 years | 450–690 kg (990–1,520 lb) | 180–240 cm (5.9–7.9 ft) | 7.5–10 cm (3.0–3.9 in) | 150–230 kg (330–510 lb) |
| Bactrian camel | Camelus bactrianus | 40–50 years | 450–1,000 kg (990–2,200 lb) | 160–180 cm (5.2–5.9 ft) | 25 cm (9.8 in) | 150–270 kg (330–600 lb) |
| Wild Bactrian camel | Camelus ferus | 40–50 years | 380–820 kg (840–1,810 lb) | |||
| Llama | Lama glama | 20–30 years | 130–272 kg (287–600 lb) | 90–120 cm (3.0–3.9 ft) | 8–25 cm (3.1–9.8 in) | 30–50 kg (66–110 lb) |
| Vicuña | Lama vicugna | 20–25 years | 35–65 kg (77–143 lb) | 70–90 cm (2½–3 ft) | 1–4 cm (0.39–1.57 in) | 10–15 kg (22–33 lb) |
| Alpaca | Lama pacos | 15–20 years | 46–90 kg (101–198 lb) | 90–120 cm (3.0–3.9 ft) | 20–40 cm (7.9–15.7 in) | 10–20 kg (22–44 lb) |
| Guanaco | Lama guanicoe | 20–25 years | 70–140 kg (150–310 lb) | 105–130 cm (3½–4¼ ft) | 5 cm (2.0 in) | 15–20 kg (33–44 lb) |
| Cama | Camelus dromedarius × Lama glama | Unknown | 81–453 kg (179–999 lb) | 125–144 cm (4 1/10-4 3/4 ft) | 6 cm (2.4 in) | 25–30 kg (55–66 lb) |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "Meet Rama the cama ... BBC". BBC News. 1998-01-21. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
- ^ Duncan Campbell (2002-07-15). "Bad karma for cross llama without a hump". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
- ^ HYBRID CAMELS
- ^ a b Benirschke, K.; Hsu, T.C. (1974). An Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes. Vol. 8. New York, USA: Springer. pp. 153–6. ISBN 978-1-4615-6432-4.
- ^ Taylor, K.M.; Hungerford, D.A.; Snyder, R.L.; Ulmer, F.A.Jr. (1968). "Uniformity of karyotypes in the Camelidae". Cytogenetic and Genome Research. 7 (1): 8–15. doi:10.1159/000129967. PMID 5659175.
- ^ Fahmy, Miral (21 March 2002). "'Cama' camel/llama hybrids born in UAE research centre". Science in the News. The Royal Society of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2012.
- ^ "Xanadu Farms". Xanadu Farms. 2002-02-27. Archived from the original on 2011-07-18. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
- ^ "World's First Camel And Llama Cross Now Has Friends". Impactlab.net. April 8, 2008. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
- ^ World Book Encyclopedia. World Book. 1998. ISBN 978-0-7166-0098-5.
- ^ Great Book of the Animal Kingdom. New York: Crescent Books. 1993. pp. 328–330. ISBN 978-0-517-08801-2.
- ^ Kindersley, Dorling (2005). Camels and Relatives, Animal The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. pp. 236–237. ISBN 978-0-7894-7764-4.
- ^ Dil M. Makhdoomi, Mohsin A. Gazi, Showkat ul Nabi, Shakeel Ahmed, 2013, Animal Science - Morphometric studies on adult double humped camel of Ladakh, India, Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 2013: 25 (7), pp.544-548, doi: 10.9755/ejfa.v25i7.15999
- ^ Nature, 2020, Camel Fact Sheet, PBS
- ^ Bactrian Camel on Dimensions.com
- ^ Frequently Asked Questions - Blue Moon Ranch Alpacas
- ^ Cama Facts
- ^ Arab News, 2018, Check out the world’s tallest camel
- ^ Guinness World Records, Largest species of camel