Centers for Disease Control and Prevention timeline

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), formed in 1946, is the leading national public health institute of the United States. It is a United States federal agency, under the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Its main goal is to protect public health and safety through the control and prevention of disease, injury, and disability in the US and internationally.

1940s

edit
  • 1946 – The Communicable Disease Center is organized in Atlanta, Georgia, on July 1
  • 1947 – In San Francisco, CDC took over the Public Health Service Plague Laboratory, thus acquiring an Epidemiology Division.
  • 1948 – CDC gained worldwide recognition for the quality and quantity of its contributions to the taxonomy of the Enterobacteriaceae.
  • 1949 – As a result of the Cold War, CDC initiated programs to fight biological warfare, "an exotic new threat to health."

1950s

edit
  • 1950 – Fifteen CDC staffers conducted the first investigation of an epidemic of polio in Paulding County, Ohio.
  • 1951 – The Epidemic Intelligence Service was established to help protect against biological warfare and manmade epidemics.
  • 1952 – Surgeon General Dr. Leonard A. Scheele reported that the Communicable Disease Center was ready to combat possible biological warfare.
  • 1953 – CDC reported first case of rabies in a bat.
  • 1954 – Alexander D. Langmuir, M.D., M.P.H., set up a leptospirosis laboratory in Jacksonville, Florida.
  • 1955 – CDC established the Polio Surveillance Program.
  • 1956 – Dr. William Cherry found the first practical use for the fluorescent technique, which was successful in identifying pathogens that might be used in biological warfare.
  • 1957 – National guidelines for influenza vaccine were developed.
  • 1958 – A CDC team traveled overseas, for the first time, to Southeast Asia to respond to an epidemic of cholera and smallpox.
  • 1959 – Dr. Robert Kissling developed the fluorescent antibody test for rabies, first used in a field trial with 100 percent accuracy.

1960s

edit

1970s

edit

1980s

edit
  • 1980 – Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report published the first report on the newly recognized toxic shock syndrome, an illness associated with tampon use.
  • 1981 – The first diagnosis of the fatal disease later known as AIDS was described in the June 5, 1981, issue of MMWR.
  • 1982 – CDC advised of the possible risk of Reye syndrome associated with the use of aspirin by children with chickenpox and flu-like symptoms.
  • 1983 – CDC established a Violence Epidemiology Branch to apply public health prevention strategies to child abuse, homicide, and suicide.
  • 1984 – CDC studied Vietnam veterans who were exposed to Agent Orange during combat and later fathered babies; no increased risk of birth defects was found.
  • 1985 – With other government organizations, CDC sponsored the first International AIDS Conference, which took place in Atlanta.
  • 1986 – The Office on Smoking and Health, which _targets the nation's primary preventable health problem, became part of CDC.
  • 1987 – The National Center for Health Statistics is transferred into CDC.[4] Its earliest predecessor was created in 1899.[5]
  • 1987 – CDC reported that about 7,000 workers die on the job annually; 42 percent of female workers who die on the job are murdered.
  • 1988 – CDC established the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion.
  • 1989 – CDC reported the 100,000th AIDS case in the United States.

1990s

edit
  • 1990 – For the first time, CDC reported the possible transmission of HIV from a dentist to a patient in Florida during an invasive procedure.
  • 1991 – A CDC study showed that one in five teen deaths is gun-related, and firearm death rates for male teens exceeded those for all natural causes of death.
  • 1992 – The National Academy of Sciences reported on a dangerous new phenomenon: the emergence of new and virulent diseases that are resistant to antibiotics.
  • 1993 – CDC reported that 200,000 Americans had died of AIDS since the epidemic began.
  • 1994 – CDC published a frank brochure on how condoms reduce the transmission of the AIDS virus.
  • 1995 – CDC recommended offering HIV testing to all pregnant women.
  • 1996 – CDC, in partnership with the International Society for Travel Medicine, initiated the GeoSentinel surveillance network to improve travel medicine.
  • 1997 – CDC participated in the nationally televised White House event of the Presidential Apology for the Tuskegee Study.
  • 1998 – For the first time since 1981, AIDS was diagnosed in more African-American and Hispanic men than in gay white men.
  • 1999 – CDC's Laboratory Response Network was established.

2000s

edit
  • 2000 – CDC identified an outbreak of HIV-related tuberculosis among young transgender people in New York and Boston.
  • 2001 – CDC learned of the first of the 2001 anthrax attacks.
  • 2002 – CDC reported that U.S. newborn HIV infections were down 80 percent since 1981.
  • 2003 – Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was first reported in Asia. CDC provided guidance for surveillance, clinical and laboratory evaluation, and reporting.
  • 2004 – CDC provided support for laws restricting access to over-the-counter medications used in methamphetamine production in Georgia.
  • 2005 – Rubella was eliminated in the United States.
  • 2006 – CDC celebrates its 60th anniversary.
  • 2006 – CDC awarded "$5.2 million to evaluate community strategies to reduce impact of pandemic influenza."
  • 2007 – CDC published their report, which introduced a series of brochures _targeted at specific groups, such as the Pandemic Influenza Community Mitigation Interim Planning Guide for Individuals and Families.[6] The report was produced in collaboration with dozens of federal agencies. It introduced concepts such as "cough etiquette", "early, _targeted, and layered nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs)", "hand hygiene", "nonpharmaceutical intervention (NPI)", and "social distancing".[6]: 70  In the report's introduction, a chart illustrates how expanding "medical surge capacity", "reducing the anticipated demand for services", and "limiting disease transmission" can delay a "rapid upswing of cases" and lower the "epidemic peak".[6]: 17  This would "allow a better match between the number of ill persons requiring hospitalization and the nation's capacity to provide medical care for such people."[6]: 18  This chart was shared on social media in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.[7]

2010s

edit
  • 2013 – CDC releases first report to categorize threats by hazard level.[8]
  • 2014 – CDC established a Modeling Task Force capable of generating estimates of risk for importation of cases of Ebola from West African countries like Mali to the United States.[9][10]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Etheridge, Elizabeth W. (1992-02-20). Sentinel for Health: A History of the Centers for Disease Control. University of California Press. pp. 229–231, 315–316. ISBN 978-0-520-91041-6.
  2. ^ About NIOSH. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
  3. ^ The President's Report on Occupational Safety and Health. Commerce Clearing House. 1972. pp. 153–154.
  4. ^ [1] About NCHS: Celebrating 50 Years
  5. ^ "Records of the Public Health Service [PHS], 1912-1968". National Archives. 2016-08-15. Retrieved 2021-08-04.
  6. ^ a b c d Interim Pre-Pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza Mitigation in the United States—Early, _targeted, Layered Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (PDF). CDC (Report). February 2007. p. 107. CS108488
  7. ^ CDC 2007 graph, March 6, 2020, retrieved March 7, 2020
  8. ^ 3 germs are urgent threats to USA's health, CDC says, September 16, 2013
  9. ^ Meltzer, Martin I. (2016). "Modeling in Real Time During the Ebola Response". MMWR Supplements. 65 (3): 85–89. doi:10.15585/mmwr.su6503a12. eISSN 2380-8942. ISSN 2380-8950. PMID 27387097. Retrieved March 7, 2020.
  10. ^ Begley, Sharon (February 14, 2020), "Disease modelers gaze into their computers to see the future of Covid-19, and it isn't good", STAT, retrieved March 7, 2020
  NODES
Association 1
COMMUNITY 3
INTERN 3
Note 1