The Centripetal Spring Chair or Armchair was a 19th-century American office chair, and one of the first modern designs for office chairs.[1]
Designed in 1849 by the American inventor Thomas E. Warren (b. 1808), the chair was produced by the American Chair Company in Troy, New York. Made of cast iron and varnished steel with wood and velvet upholstery, it measured 107 × 61 × 71 centimeters (42.1 x 24 x 28 in) with headrest and armrests, and had a seat height of 48 centimeters (18.9 in).[1]
The chair exhibited all features of today's office chairs except adjustable lumbar support:[2] it allowed tilt movement in all directions and had a revolving seat, caster wheels for ease of movement, as well as a headrest and armrests in the armchair variant. Tilting was achieved through the flexion of the four large C-shaped steel springs on which the seat rested, using the sitter's feet as a fulcrum.[3] The modernity of its design, which included an innovative use of cast iron for the frame, was visually downplayed by hiding the springs behind a dense passementerie (an elaborate trim) and by rendering the frame in the nostalgic, gilded Rococo Revival[4] style.[5]
After it was first presented at the 1851 Great Exhibition in London,[6] the chair had little success outside the US: it was deemed immoral because it was too comfortable. The Victorian morality of the time valued rigid, unsupportive seats that allowed sitters to demonstrate refinement, willpower and morality through an upright posture.[2][7] Today, reflecting its place in the history of chair design, the chair is exhibited in design museums, including the Vitra Design Museum[1] and the Brooklyn Museum.[5]
References
edit- ^ a b c "Centripetal Spring Armchair". Vitra Design Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ a b Murphy, Heather (30 May 2012). "The Quest for the Perfect Office Chair". Slate magazine. Retrieved 30 May 2012. Referencing Olivares (2011).
- ^ Pynt, Jenny; Higgs, Joy (2010). A history of seating, 3000 BC to 2000 AD: function versus aesthetics. Amherst, N.Y.: Cambria Press. p. 166. ISBN 9781604977189.
- ^ Field Guide to American Antique Furniture: A Unique Visual System for Identifying ..., By Joseph T. Butler, Kathleen Eagen Johnson, Ray Skibinski, Henry Holt and Company, L.L.C. Publishers, retrieved June, 2012
- ^ a b "Collections: Decorative Arts: Centripital Spring Chair". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved 30 May 2012.
- ^ A History of American Manufactures from 1608 to 1860, Exhibiting at the London World's Fair, Volume 2; By James Leander Bishop, Edwin Troxell Freedley, Edward Young; retrieved Google Books, June, 2012.
- ^ Pynt, Jennifer; Higgs, Joy (2008-09-01). "Nineteenth-Century Patent Seating: Too Comfortable to be Moral?". Journal of Design History. 21 (3): 277–277-288. doi:10.1093/jdh/epn016. ISSN 0952-4649.
Bibliography
edit- Olivares, Jonathan (2011). A Taxonomy of Office Chairs. London: Phaidon Press. ISBN 978-0714861036.
- Shewchuk, Diane Mary (1993). Thomas E. Warren, the American Chair Company and the centripetal spring chair. OCLC 80464431.