The Tenerife giant tortoise[1] (Centrochelys burchardi[2]) is an extinct species of cryptodire turtle in the family Testudinidae endemic to the island of Tenerife, in the Canary Islands during the Middle Pleistocene.
| Tenerife giant tortoise Temporal range: Middle Pleistocene
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| Bone rest of Geochelone burchardi in Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Superfamily: | Testudinoidea |
| Family: | Testudinidae |
| Genus: | Centrochelys |
| Species: | †C. burchardi
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| Binomial name | |
| †Centrochelys burchardi (Ahl, 1926)
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| Synonyms | |
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Testudo burchardi Ahl, 1926 | |
Characteristics
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The species has an estimated carapace length of around 100 centimetres (3.3 ft).[3] similar to giant tortoises currently found in some oceanic islands like the Galapagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean and Aldabra and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean.[4]
Remains of C. burchardi date to the Middle Pleistocene, around 670-200,000 years ago.[3] Most fossils are of bones and shells, as well as a nest of fossilized eggs found in volcanic soil in the south of Tenerife, in the present municipality of Adeje. This species of giant tortoise was described in 1926 by Ernst Ahl, the first time a giant tortoise endemic to the Canary Islands described.[1]
Another extinct tortoise species, C. vulcanica, is known from the island of Gran Canaria. C. burchardi had a larger shell, with a length of approximately 65 to 94 cm, while C. vulcanica shell had a 61 cm.[5] It is believed that the ancestors of these tortoises could reach the eastern islands of the Canary Islands from the African continent and progressively moved to westward through that archipelago as their size also increased and its appearance evolved to adapt to the conditions of the archipelago.[5]
Fossilized tortoise eggs have been found in the islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura; however, these eggs have not yet been properly described or named.[6] The species of Fuerteventura has been linked to C. burchardi, but this identification is uncertain, and has been challenged.[7][8]
While often placed in the genus Centrochelys, which contains the living African spurred tortoise, the limited remains of the species make its placement in the genus uncertain, and thus the species is often referred to as "Centrochelys" burchardi.[3]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b "The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database Extinct Reptiles: Geochelone burchardi". Archived from the original on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ Anders G.J. Rhodin; Scott Thomson; Georgios L. Georgalis; Hans-Volker Karl; Igor G. Danilov; Akio Takahashi; Marcelo S. de la Fuente; Jason R. Bourque; Massimo Delfino; Roger Bour; John B. Iverson; H. Bradley Shaffer; Peter Paul van Dijk (2015). "Turtles and Tortoises of the World During the Rise and Global Spread of Humanity: First Checklist and Review of Extinct Pleistocene and Holocene Chelonians" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 5 (8): 000e.1–66. doi:10.3854/crm.5.000e.fossil.checklist.v1.2015.
- ^ a b c Georgalis, Georgios L.; Macaluso, Loredana; Delfino, Massimo (2 April 2021). "A Review of the Fossil Record of Afro-Arabian Turtles of the Clade Testudinoidea". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 62 (1). doi:10.3374/014.062.0103. ISSN 0079-032X.
- ^ "La Paleontología de vertebrados en Canarias" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ a b El legado paleontológico de nuestras islas
- ^ "Fauna subfósil de las Islas Canarias" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 December 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ "New chelonian eggs from the Tertiary of Lanzarote of Fuerteventura" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 June 2016. Retrieved 17 June 2016.
- ^ The Recently Extinct Plants and Animals Database Extinct Reptiles: Geochelone