Wikipedia

Chinese police overseas service stations

The term "overseas service station" (Chinese: 海外服务站; pinyin: hǎiwài fúwù zhàn) and the associated phrase, "Overseas 110" or "110 Overseas" (Chinese: 海外110; pinyin: hǎiwài yāoyāolíng; lit. 'abroad 110'; alluding to China's emergency number for the police, 110), refer to various extralegal offices established in other countries by the public security bureaus of China's local governments.

Badge of Fuzhou overseas police operations

In 2022, human rights group Safeguard Defenders published a report finding that the Chinese government illegally used these offices to intimidate Chinese dissidents and criminal suspects abroad and to pressure them to return to China. The report led to investigations of the stations by the governments of several countries.

History

edit

Safeguard Defenders report

edit
Further information: Chinese intelligence activity abroad, Operation Fox Hunt, and Transnational repression by China

According to Matt Schrader, writing for the Jamestown Foundation, "overseas Chinese service stations" (Chinese: 华助中心; pinyin: huázhù zhōngxīn; lit. 'Chinese assistance center') were first established in 2014, with 45 centers in 39 countries having been opened by 2019. According to Schrader, the centers were mostly formed from existing united front organizations and did not have policing authority. Schrader further stated that the centers served several legitimate purposes despite criticism of them, such as assisting crime victims with dealing with the host country's police and integrating new immigrants. Schrader pointed to a lack of transparency around the relationship between the centers and the Chinese government, particularly personnel of the United Front Work Department (UFWD), and their political influence operations.[1][2]

The Nantong police department later set up the first "overseas service stations", associated with the phrase "110 Overseas" (Chinese: 海外110; pinyin: hǎiwài yībǎiyīshí; lit. 'abroad 110'), as part of a pilot project in 2016. The department set up offices in six countries and had solved at least 120 criminal cases that involved Chinese nationals, as well as detaining over 80 people in Myanmar, Cambodia, and Zambia.[3] Dutch organizations RTL News and "Follow the Money" found that afterwards, Wenzhou's public security bureau established a "contact point" in Sydney, Australia, and the Lishui public security bureau established two offices in the Netherlands (one in Amsterdam, another in Rotterdam) in 2018.[3][4] The police agencies of Fuzhou and Qingtian counties would set up the most numerous of the offices, with the latter beginning their program in 2019. Radio Free Asia reported that as of October 2022, a total of 54 such stations had been established in 30 countries.[5]

Safeguard Defenders released an initial report in September 2022 and a follow-up in December 2022,[6][7] alleging that the police stations were part of a program named Operation Fox Hunt, and were used to harass and coerce individuals wanted by the Chinese government, including dissidents, via threats to their families and themselves, pressuring them to return to China, where they would then be detained.[8][9] Safeguard Defenders claimed that, between April 2021 and July 2022, the Chinese government recorded 230,000 "suspects of fraud" who were "persuaded to return". The group stated that the stations violated the sovereignty of host countries by allowing Chinese police to circumvent police cooperation rules and procedures.[5][10] For instance, Wang Jingyu, a dissident who fled China after being _targeted for social media posts and was granted asylum in the Netherlands, claimed he had been threatened and sent harassing messages by the Rotterdam station to make him return to China, with his parents who remained in China being _targeted.[4][11] Wang was later found to have fabricated the threats.[12] A broader example was a notice issued by an overseas station operated by the government of Laiyang in Myanmar, which stated that Chinese nationals who were there illegally should return to China or "there would be consequences for their loved ones", such as cancellation of their state benefits.[3] An anonymous official from the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in an interview with El Correo, stated that the stations used "persuasion" tactics to convince those wanted by the government to return to China, pointing to the difficulties of getting European states to extradite to China.[13][14]

Reactions

edit

According to Yale legal scholar and China expert Jeremy Daum, the report contained several factual and context errors.[15] Safeguard Defenders subsequently published a revised report which it said corrected some of the mistakes Daum had indicated.[16]

Chinese dissidents living outside of China found the overseas police service stations threatening.[17] Chong Ja Ian, an associate professor of political science at the National University of Singapore, said that the stations needed registration regardless of their purpose, adding the controversy "raises doubts about the actuality of [China’s] commitment to rule of law and respect for sovereignty despite official statements otherwise."[18]

Investigations by other governments

edit

In response, some countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, and the Netherlands, announced they would investigate the stations.[19][5][20]

Canada

edit
Further information: Chinese government interference in Canada

In November 2022, Canada summoned the Chinese ambassador Cong Peiwu and issued a "cease and desist" warning concerning the stations.[21]

In March 2023, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) announced investigations into two alleged police stations in Quebec.[22][23][24]

Two Chinese community groups in the Montreal area have declared they will sue the RCMP if they do not apologize for their accusations of them hosting secret Chinese police stations, and are seeking $2.5 million in damages. Maryse Lapointe, the groups' lawyer, called the allegations false and defamatory. Mei Chiu, coordinator of the Chinatown roundtable in Montreal, criticized the RCMP's investigation on these groups for not even asking to talk to the employees, and only interviewing the board members. The groups say they have lost government funding, forcing them to cut back programs such as French language education and support of victims of domestic violence. The RCMP stated broadly: "It is important to note that some of the activity the RCMP is investigating is occurring at locations where other legitimate services to the Chinese Canadian Community are being offered."[25]

Canadian intelligence analyst Scott McGregor and journalist Ina Mitchell noted in their 2023 book, The Mosaic Effect, that S.U.C.C.E.S.S., a Canadian social services organization headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia, that is listed as an "Overseas Chinese Services Organization" by the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office (OCAO), is an example of an organization that provides legitimate services to the Chinese Canadian Community while also working with entities tied to Operation Foxhunt.[26]: 115–128  In July 2024, the Canadian government announced that it had mapped Chinese police stations in the country would share the information with the G7 to explore a response.[27]

Germany

edit

In the fall of 2022, the first reports about Chinese police overseas service stations in Germany appeared. At least five stations existed in Germany.[28] In March 2023, politician Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter (SPD) stated that two police stations remain operational in Germany, in violation of the country's sovereignty. She stated that they are run by "people who have good contacts with the diplomatic missions of the People's Republic of China and who enjoy the trust of the Chinese security authorities. They are also involved in Chinese united front organizations."[29]

An investigation of German TV RTL/ntv from November 2024 showed that at least four of the stations in Berlin, Hamburg, Düsseldorf, München and one in the Ruhrarea are still active.[28]

Ireland

edit

The overseas service stations in Dublin were ordered to close by the Irish Ministry of Foreign Affairs in late October 2022, although one had already stopped operations and took down its sign earlier when electronic ID renewal procedures were introduced.[30][5]

Italy

edit

In December 2022, Italy announced that its police would cease joint patrols with Chinese police officers inside of Italian cities, with interior minister Matteo Piantedosi clarifying that the patrols in question had no relation to the overseas stations.[31] In 2023, a ProPublica investigation found that the leaders of "Fuzhou Police Overseas Service Station" in Prato had ties to organized crime.[32]

Japan

edit

In February 2024, Tokyo police raided an overseas police station as part of a COVID-19 fraud investigation.[33]

Netherlands

edit

The Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs also stated that, as the Chinese government had failed to notify the country about the stations through diplomatic means, they had been operating illegally, with further investigation to be conducted into their conduct.[34] Foreign minister Wopke Hoekstra later ordered both offices to close.[35] The mayor of Amsterdam later announced in February 2023 that the Amsterdam police were unable to locate any police stations in the city.[36]

South Korea

edit
 
Lotte World Tower and the Han River seen from Seoul Subway Line 7 train running across Cheongdam Bridge. A river-side Chinese restaurant alleged to be acting as an overseas police station is on the far right.[37]

In June 2023, it was reported that South Korean authorities were investigating Chinese police overseas service stations in the country.[38] In response, the authorities shuttered a Chinese police station at a restaurant on the Han River and legislators began crafting new legislation to close loopholes in the country's counterespionage laws.[39]

Taiwan

edit

In March 2023, Taiwan's Overseas Community Affairs Council (OCAC) announced that a Chinese overseas police station in France engaged in cyberattacks against an OCAC language school in France.[40]

In a May 2023 report to the Legislative Yuan Taiwan's National Security Bureau (NSB) said that they had identified over 100 secret Chinese police stations around the world _targeting the overseas Chinese community.[41] The covert locations the stations operated from included restaurants, convenience stores, and private homes. The NSB said that it was collaborating with law enforcement in other countries on the issue.[42]

United Kingdom

edit
 
49 Watford Way, one of the alleged overseas police stations, in London, United Kingdom

In June 2023, British Security Minister Tom Tugendhat stated that China had closed its police service stations in Britain and that an investigation found no illegal activity associated with the stations.[43]

United States

edit
Further information: Chinese espionage in the United States

FBI director Christopher A. Wray said in November 2022 that the FBI was monitoring reports of the Chinese government establishing unregistered police stations in the U.S., saying that the conduct was "outrageous"; violated U.S. sovereignty; and "circumvents standard judicial and law enforcement cooperation processes."[44]

In January 2023, The New York Times reported that according to anonymous tipsters, counterintelligence agents from the Federal Bureau of Investigation raided a suspected station set up by Fuzhou municipal authorities, hosted in the offices of the American Changle Association (named after Changle District)[45] in Chinatown, Manhattan, in late 2022.[17] The station reportedly occupied an entire floor.[46] It shuttered after an October 2022 FBI raid.[44]

In April 2023, the FBI arrested two American citizens: "Harry" Lu Jianwang and Chen Jinping.[46][47][48] They were charged by federal prosecutors in Brooklyn (the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Eastern District of New York) with conspiring to act as unregistered agents of the Chinese government for operating the police outpost in Manhattan, and with obstruction of justice for deleting messages with an official of the Ministry of Public Security (MPS) who had been directing their activities in the U.S.[46] Prosecutors said that Lu began to aid China's attempts to repress dissidents living in the U.S. in 2015.[44] On the same day, the US Department of Justice unsealed charges against 34 MPS officers, charging them with "transnational repression offenses _targeting U.S. residents" and alleging the use of fake social media accounts to harass and intimidate Chinese nationals in the U.S., with the intent to suppress free speech of Chinese dissidents living abroad.[49][44][46] The 34 officers are believed to be living in China, and are all members of the "912 Special Project Working Group", an Internet-based government influencing effort to enhance global perceptions of China.[50]

U.S. Attorney Breon Peace said the episode "reveals the Chinese government's flagrant violation of our nation's sovereignty";[46][44] Assistant Attorney General Matthew Olsen of the United States Department of Justice National Security Division said that the Chinese government's actions "go far beyond the bounds of acceptable nation-state conduct" and were an attempt to extend "authoritarian repression" to the U.S.[44]

In July 2023, a group of U.S. senators asked the United States Department of Justice to investigate "Overseas Chinese Service Centers" with alleged ties to the UFWD that are operating in seven U.S. cities.[51][52]

In December 2024, a Manhattan resident, Chen Jinping, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to act as an agent of a foreign government in connection with the establishment of an overseas police station in Chinatown, Manhattan raided in October 2022.[53][54]

Chinese government response

edit

According to the Chinese government, the centers had been set up to allow Chinese nationals to access administrative services such as driver's license and other document renewals without having to travel to China, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to confront transnational crime, especially fraud, affecting overseas Chinese communities.[55][10]

Locations

edit
Chinese police overseas service station ("Overseas 110") presence around the world
# Country City
(location in city)		 Continent Associated
public security bureau		 Active
years		 Source(s)
BRN01   Brunei Bandar Seri BegawanC Asia Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
IDN01   Indonesia JakartaC Asia Nantong City Public Security Bureau 2016-? [6][56]
KHM01   Cambodia Phnom PenhC Asia Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
KHM02   Cambodia unknown city Asia Nantong City Public Security Bureau 2016–? [3]
JPN01   Japan TokyoC Asia Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
KOR01   South Korea SeoulC[37] Asia Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6][57]
MNG01   Mongolia UlaanbaatarC Asia Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
UZB01   Uzbekistan Sirdaryo Asia Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
MMR01   Myanmar Yangon Asia Nantong City Public Security Bureau 2016–? [3][6][58]
MMR02   Myanmar unknown city Asia Laiyang City Public Security Bureau na. [3]
AUS01   Australia Sydney Oceania Wenzhou City Public Security Bureau 2018–? [3]
AUT01   Austria ViennaC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
CZE01   Czechia PragueC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6][59]
CZE02   Czechia PragueC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6][59]
FRA01   France ParisC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
FRA02   France ParisC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
FRA03   France ParisC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
DEU01   Germany Frankfurt Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
GRC01   Greece AthensC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
HUN01   Hungary BudapestC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
HUN02   Hungary BudapestC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
IRL01   Ireland DublinC
(Capel Street)		 Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau 2022 [6]
ITA02   Italy Florence Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ITA03   Italy Milan Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ITA04   Italy Prato Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6][3]
ITA01   Italy RomeC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
NLD01   The Netherlands AmsterdamC Europe Lishui City Public Security Bureau 2018–? [4]
NLD02   The Netherlands AmsterdamC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
NLD03   The Netherlands Rotterdam Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
NLD04   The Netherlands Rotterdam Europe Lishui City Public Security Bureau 2018–? [4]
PRT01   Portugal LisbonC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
PRT02   Portugal Madeira Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
PRT03   Portugal Porto Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
SRB01   Serbia BelgradeC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
SVK01   Slovakia BratislavaC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP04   Spain Barcelona Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP05   Spain Barcelona Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP06   Spain Barcelona Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP01   Spain MadridC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP02   Spain MadridC Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP03   Spain MadridC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP07   Spain Santiago de Compostela Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP08   Spain Valencia Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ESP09   Spain Valencia Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
SWE01   Sweden StockholmC Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
UKR01   Ukraine Odesa Europe Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
GBR03   United Kingdom Glasgow Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
GBR01   United Kingdom LondonC
(Croydon)		 Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
GBR02   United Kingdom LondonC
(49 Watford Way, Hendon)		 Europe Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6][60]
CAN01   Canada Toronto North America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
CAN02   Canada Toronto North America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
CAN03   Canada Toronto North America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
USA01   United States New York North America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ARG01   Argentina Buenos Aires South America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
BRA01   Brazil Rio de Janeiro South America Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
BRA02   Brazil São Paulo South America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
CHL01   Chile Viña del Mar South America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ECU02   Ecuador Guayaquil South America Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ECU01   Ecuador QuitoC South America Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
AGO01   Angola unknown city Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ETH01   Ethiopia unknown city Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
MDG01   Madagascar AntananarivoC Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
LSO01   Lesotho MaseruC Africa Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
NGA01   Nigeria Benin City Africa Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
NGA02   Nigeria unknown city Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ZAF01   South Africa Johannesburg Africa Fuzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ZAF02   South Africa Johannesburg Africa Wenzhou City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
ZAF03   South Africa unknown city Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau na. [6]
TZA01   Tanzania Dar es Salaam Africa Qingtian County Public Security Bureau na. [6][61]
ZMB01   Zambia unknown city Africa Nantong City Public Security Bureau 2016–? [3][6]

See also

edit

Further reading

edit
  • Link, Jordan (17 October 2022). The Expanding International Reach of China's Police (Report). Center for American Progress.

References

edit
  1. ^ Schrader, Matt (5 January 2019). ""Chinese Assistance Centers" Grow United Front Work Department Global Presence". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 12 July 2019. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  2. ^ Purbrick, Martin (12 June 2023). "The Long Arm of the Law(less): The PRC's Overseas Police Stations". Jamestown Foundation. Archived from the original on 13 June 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "China establishing overseas police presence in Australia and around the world". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 12 October 2022. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "China heeft illegale politiebureaus in Nederland: aanwijzingen voor intimidatie". RTL Nieuws (in Dutch). RTL Nederland. 25 October 2022. Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b c d "China runs illegal police operations on foreign soil via "overseas service centers"". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn Patrol and Persuade: A follow-up investigation to 110 Overseas (PDF) (Report). Safeguard Defenders. December 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 January 2024. Retrieved 14 December 2022.
  7. ^ Feng, John (5 December 2022). "Full list of China's unofficial police stations around the world". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  8. ^ Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (3 December 2022). "Xi Jinping Ramps Up China's Surveillance, Harassment Deep in America". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2022.
  9. ^ "China accused of using overseas bases to _target dissidents". Associated Press. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  10. ^ a b "China accused of creating overseas "police stations" to _target dissidents". PBS NewsHour. 27 October 2022. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  11. ^ "We Visited a "Secret Chinese Police Station" in London". Vice News. Archived from the original on 5 March 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  12. ^ "NPR investigation of a Chinese celebrity dissident leads news orgs to retract stories". NPR. 19 December 2024. Archived from the original on 20 December 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  13. ^ "Las operaciones "secretas" de la policía china en España". El Correo (in European Spanish). 8 October 2022. Archived from the original on 13 December 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  14. ^ "China Accused of Planting Illegal Police Stations Overseas". Vice News. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
  15. ^ Jeremy, Daum (3 November 2022). ""Overseas Police Stations?" : A clearer look". China Law Translate. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  16. ^ "110 OVERSEAS Chinese Transnational Policing Gone Wild" (PDF). Safeguard Defenders. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  17. ^ a b Rajagopalan, Megha; Rashbaum, William K. (12 January 2023). "With F.B.I. Search, U.S. Escalates Global Fight Over Chinese Police Outposts". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 30 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
  18. ^ Mycroft, Connor (26 May 2023). "What are China's 'secret police stations' and is their role exaggerated by foreign governments?". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 30 May 2023. Retrieved 30 May 2023.
  19. ^ "FBI director "very concerned" by reports of secret Chinese police stations in US". The Guardian. 18 November 2022. Archived from the original on 2 February 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
  20. ^ Cooper, Sam (16 November 2022). "Toronto businessman allegedly focus of Chinese interference probes: sources". Global News. Archived from the original on 10 February 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  21. ^ Cecco, Leyland (1 December 2022). "Canada issues "cease and desist" warning to China over "police stations" in Ottawa". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
  22. ^ "Canada investigates alleged Chinese police posts in Quebec". Associated Press. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 10 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  23. ^ Yousif, Nadine (9 March 2023). "Canadian police investigate Chinese 'police stations' in Quebec". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 May 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  24. ^ Bruemmer, René (9 March 2023). "RCMP investigates possible Chinese state 'police stations' in Montreal, Brossard". Montreal Gazette. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  25. ^ "Montreal Chinese community groups threaten to sue RCMP". CBC News. 1 December 2023. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  26. ^ McGregor, Scott; Mitchell, Ina (2023). "Undercover NGO: How the CCP Co-opted a Non-Profit and Used It as a Base of Operation". The Mosaic Effect: How the Chinese Communist Party Started a Hybrid War in America's Backyard. Optimum Publishing International. ISBN 978-0-88890-324-2. OCLC 1374491172. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  27. ^ Nardelli, Alberto; Wickham, Alex; Dhillon Kane, Laura (13 July 2024). "Canada Said to Have Mapped Out Secret Chinese Police Operations". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2024.
  28. ^ a b NACHRICHTEN, n-tv. "So tarnt China seine Geheim-Polizei in Deutschland". n-tv.de (in German). Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  29. ^ "China yet to close two overseas police stations in Germany after official request". Radio Free Asia. 16 March 2023. Archived from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  30. ^ "Chinese overseas police station in Dublin ordered to shut". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2022.
  31. ^ "Italy stops joint police patrols with China - interior minister". Reuters. 19 December 2022. Archived from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  32. ^ Rotella, Sebastian (12 July 2023). "Outlaw Alliance: How China and Chinese Mafias Overseas Protect Each Other's Interests". ProPublica. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Chinese 'overseas police station' in Tokyo raided over benefit fraud". The Japan Times. 21 February 2024. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  34. ^ "Dutch probe "illegal" China gov't offices in Netherlands". Reuters. 26 October 2022. Archived from the original on 31 January 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2022 – via www.reuters.com.
  35. ^ "Netherlands orders closure of illegal Chinese police offices". South China Morning Post. 2 November 2022. Archived from the original on 14 February 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  36. ^ "Politie kan geen Chinees politiebureau in de stad vinden". www.nhnieuws.nl (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 August 2023. Retrieved 1 August 2023.
  37. ^ a b "[단독] 잠실 동방명주, '中 비밀 경찰서' 잠정 결론…처벌 수위 '딜레마'". The Korea Economic Daily (in Korean). 18 May 2023. Archived from the original on 21 May 2023. Retrieved 21 May 2023.
  38. ^ Chan-kyong, Park (20 June 2023). "South Korea investigates secret Chinese 'police stations' after claims of 2 more being uncovered on Jeju Island". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 24 June 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  39. ^ "Suspected covert Chinese outpost sparks push for S. Korea 'spy bill'". Radio Free Asia. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  40. ^ "Taiwan Mandarin learning center cyberattacked by China". Focus Taiwan. 9 March 2023. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 10 March 2023.
  41. ^ "NSB warns of threat posed by China's overseas police stations". Focus Taiwan. 23 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 July 2023. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  42. ^ Strong, Matthew (23 May 2023). "Taiwan's intelligence agency accuses China of running secret police stations from restaurants". Taiwan News. Archived from the original on 24 May 2023. Retrieved 24 May 2023.
  43. ^ "Britain says China has closed unofficial police stations in UK". Reuters. 6 June 2023. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  44. ^ a b c d e f "FBI makes arrests over alleged secret Chinese 'police stations' in New York". BBC News. 17 April 2023. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  45. ^ Tang, Jane (7 July 2023). "'Secret' New York police station is mere sliver of Beijing's U.S. harassment push". Radio Free Asia. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
  46. ^ a b c d e Erica Orden (17 April 2023). "Two men charged with running covert Chinese 'police station' in Manhattan". Politico. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
  47. ^ Borger, Julian (18 April 2023). "FBI arrests two New Yorkers accused of running covert Chinese police station". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  48. ^ Rashbaum, William K.; Zraick, Karen (17 April 2023). "F.B.I. Arrests Two on Charges Tied to Chinese Police Outpost in New York". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 24 June 2023.
  49. ^ Kine, Phelim; Gallardo, Cristina; Gedeon, Joseph (19 April 2023). "Why China's police state has a precinct near you". Politico. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
  50. ^ Rabinowitz, Hannah; Perez, Evan; del Valle, Lauren (18 April 2023). "FBI arrests two alleged Chinese agents and charges dozens with working inside US to silence dissidents". CNN. Archived from the original on 17 April 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
  51. ^ Bates, Suzanne (10 July 2023). "Romney, Lee ask DOJ for information on 'Overseas Chinese Service Centers' in Salt Lake City, 6 other cities". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  52. ^ Blankley, Bethany (11 July 2023). "Texas senators want answers on Chinese intel centers inside U.S." The Center Square. Archived from the original on 19 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  53. ^ Meko, Hurubie (18 December 2024). "Man Who Ran Secret Police Office in New York Admits He Was Chinese Agent". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 18 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  54. ^ Helmore, Edward (18 December 2024). "New York man pleads guilty to running Chinese police station in Manhattan". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  55. ^ Feng, John (19 October 2022). "China has opened up secret police stations in these countries". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  56. ^ ""南通市海内外警侨联动服务中心"成立印尼、缅甸分中心". 新民都市报 (in Chinese). 29 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  57. ^ "Safeguard Defenders offers to help South Korea probe China's secret police station". The Korea Times. 22 December 2022. Archived from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  58. ^ ""南通市海内外警侨联动服务中心"成立印尼、缅甸分中心". 新民都市报 (in Chinese). 29 July 2019. Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023.
  59. ^ a b Fantová, Simona (10 November 2022). "Beijing sets up police stations in the Czech Republic". Sinopsis. Archived from the original on 24 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023.
  60. ^ "Netherlands Tells China to Close "Police Stations"". Voice of America. Archived from the original on 2 November 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  61. ^ Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (6 December 2023). "Inside a Beijing-linked Chinese help center in Tanzania". Axios. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinese_police_overseas_service_stations&oldid=1264950766"
  NODES
Association 1
Community 6
HOME 2
hosting 1
Intern 3
iOS 1
languages 1
Note 3
OOP 4
os 40
text 1
ufw 2