Clanga is a genus which contains the spotted eagles. The genus name is from Ancient Greek klangos, "eagle".[1]
| Clanga | |
|---|---|
| |
| Greater spotted eagle (Clanga clanga) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Accipitriformes |
| Family: | Accipitridae |
| Subfamily: | Aquilinae |
| Genus: | Clanga Adamowicz, 1854 |
| Type species | |
| Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788 = Aquila clanga Pallas, 1811 | |
Taxonomy
editThe genus Clanga was described in 1854 by the Polish naturalist Adam Ferdynand Adamowicz (1802-1881).[2][3][4] The type species is Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin, 1788, a synonym of Aquila clanga (the greater spotted eagle) that was described in 1811 by Peter Simon Pallas. Falco maculatus J. F. Gmelin is preoccupied by Falco maculatus Tunstall 1771 but under the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature Falco maculatus is still considered to be the type species.[5][6] The genus name is from Ancient Greek klangos meaning "eagle".[1]
A molecular phylogenetic study of the Accipitridae published in 2024 found that the genus Clanga was sister to the genus Ictinaetus which contains the black eagle.[7]
Species
editThe genus contains three species:[8]
| Common name | Scientific name and subspecies | Range | Size and ecology | IUCN status and estimated population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indian spotted eagle
|
Clanga hastata (Lesson, 1834) |
Bangladesh, India, Myanmar and Nepal.
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
VU
|
| Lesser spotted eagle
|
Clanga pomarina Brehm, 1831 |
Central and Eastern Europe and southeastward to Turkey and Armenia, and Africa
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
LC
|
| Greater spotted eagle
|
Clanga clanga ((Pallas, 1811) |
northern Europe eastwards across Eurasia
|
Size: Habitat: Diet: |
VU
|
References
edit- ^ a b Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Adamowicz, Adam Ferdynand (1853). "Enumération des travaux littéraires publiés ou en manuscrits de C. Tyzenhauz". Bulletin de la Société impériale des naturalistes de Moscou. 26 (4) (published 1854): 526-529 [529].
- ^ Hordowski, Józef; Gregory, Steven M S (2018). "The avian genus‐group name Clanga Adamowicz dates from 1854" (PDF). Zoological Bibliography. 4 (6): 127–129.
- ^ Gregory, S.M.S.; Dickinson, E.C.; Dickinson, E.C. (2012). "Clanga has priority over Aquiloides (or how to drop a clanger)". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 132 (2): 135–136.
- ^ Dickinson, E.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr., eds. (2013). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-9568611-0-8.
- ^ "Chapter 15: Types in the genus group. Art. 67.1.2". International Code Of Zoological Nomenclature (4th ed.). International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 1999.
- ^ Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus Accipiter (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society: blae028. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (August 2024). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 14.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 20 November 2024.
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Clanga hastata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22729779A95021573. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22729779A95021573.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Clanga pomarina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22696022A203665834. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696022A203665834.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ BirdLife International (2021). "Clanga clanga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T22696027A203868747. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696027A203868747.en. Retrieved 27 October 2024.