Codex Purpureus Beratinus (Albanian: Kodiku i Beratit, Kodiku i Purpurt i Beratit) designated by Φ or 043 (in the Gregory-Aland numbering), ε 17 (von Soden), is an uncial illuminated manuscript Gospel book written in Greek. Dated palaeographically to the 6th-century, the manuscript is written in an uncial hand on purple vellum with silver ink. The codex is preserved at the Albanian National Archives (Nr. 1) in Tirana, Albania.[1] It was formerly possessed by the St. George Church in the town of Berat, Albania, hence the 'Beratinus' appellation.
| New Testament manuscript | |
 Left: Facsimile of Matthew 6:30b-7:2a Right: Page from Codex Beratinus | |
| Name | Beratinus |
|---|---|
| Sign | Φ |
| Text | Gospel of Matthew, Gospel of Mark |
| Date | 6th-century |
| Script | Greek |
| Now at | National Archives of Albania |
| Cite | P. Batiffol, Evangeliorum codex Graecus purpureus Beratinus Φ, (Paris and Rome, 1882) |
| Size | 31 cm by 27 cm |
| Type | Byzantine text-type |
| Category | V |
Description
editCodex Beratinus contains only the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Mark, with several considerable lacunae (Matthew 1:1-6:3, 7:26-8:7, 18:23-19:3, and Mark 14:62-end). The codex contains 190 extant parchment leaves measuring 31.4 × 26.8 cm, or approximately the same size as those of Codex Alexandrinus, and have two columns per page, but the letters are much larger.[2] It is written with 17 lines per page,[1] 8-12 letters per line, in very regular letters, in silver ink.[3] The title and the first line in Mark are written in gold.[4] The writing is continuous in full lines without stichometry. Quotations from the Old Testament are marked with an inverted comma (<).
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters) and according to the Ammonian Sections (smaller than κεφαλαια). On the left margin are inserted the numerals of the κεφαλαια and above the pages are inserted the τιτλοι (titles) of the κεφαλαια. The numerals of the Ammonian sections are given on the left margin, and a references to the Eusebian Canons were added by a later hand in the 8th century. A note in the manuscript states that the loss of the other two Gospels is due to "the Franks of Champagne", i.e. some of the Crusaders, who may have seen it while at Patmos, where it was believed formerly to have been.[2]
Text
editThe Greek text of the codex is generally of the Byzantine text-type, but it contains the long Western addition after Matthew 20:28, occurring also in Codex Bezae:[3] Aland gave for it the following textual profile: 1311, 831/2, 112, 18s.[1]
"But seek to increase from that which is small, and to become less from which is greater. When you enter into a house and are summoned to dine, do not sit down at the prominent places, lest perchance a man more honorable than you come in afterwards, and he who invited you come and say to you, "Go down lower"; and you shall be ashamed. But if you sit down in the inferior place, and one inferior to you come in, then he that invited you will say to you, "Go up higher"; and this will be advantageous for you."[5]
In Matthew 21:9, the following interpolation occurs, sharing affinity only with syrcur:[6]
και εξελθον εις υπαντησιν αυτω πολλοι χαιροντες και δοξαζοντες τον θεον περι παντων ων ειδον
And many went out to meet him; all who were seeing [him] round about were rejoicing and glorifying God.
In Matthew 27:9, in the phrase επληρωθη το ρηθεν δια Ιερεμιου του προφητου (fulfilled what was spoken by Jeremiah the prophet) the word Ιερεμιου (Jeremiah) is omitted, as in Minuscule 33, a, b, syrs, syrp, and copbo.[7]
In Matthew 27:16 it has additional reading ος δια φονον και στασιν ην βεβλημενοις εις φυλακην (who for murder and insurrection had been thrown in prison).[7]
In Matthew 27:35, it includes ἵνα πληρώθη τὸ ῤηθὲν διὰ τοῦ προφήτου, Διεμερίσαντο τὰ ἱμάτια μου ἑαυτοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν ἱματισμὸν μου ἔβαλον κλῆρον along with 0250, 037, 038, 1424, 1582, 124, 348, 788, 1279, 1579, and 517.
According to B. H. Streeter, Codex Beratinus is a tertiary witness of the Caesarean text.[8] It is grouped with N, O, Σ, and Uncial 080 to constitute the Purple Uncials. Aland categorized the first four into Category V,[1] and it is certain that they are more Byzantine than anything else.[9] Aland did not categorize Uncial 080.[1]
History
editFormerly it was believed to have been at Patmos.[2][10] According to Xhevat Lloshi it came from Ballsh.[11] It was held in Berat, Albania from 1356.[4] The text of the codex was published by Pierre Batiffol in 1887. "During World War II, Hitler learned of it and sought it out. Several monks and priests risked their lives to hide the manuscript."[12] Since 1971, it has been preserved at the National Archives of Albania in Tirana.[3][13]
Oscar von Gebhardt designated it by siglum Φ, which is often used in critical editions.
Importance as Cultural Heritage
editThe Codex Purpureus Beratinus was inscribed on the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2005 in recognition of its historical significance. The two Beratinus codices preserved in Albania are very important for the global community and the development of ancient biblical, liturgical and hagiographical literature and are part of the "seven purple codices", which were written over a period of 13 centuries, i.e. from the sixth to the eighteenth centuries. The other five "purple codices" are in Italy (two), France (one), England (one), and Greece (one).[14]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d e Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara (1995). The Text of the New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Erroll F. Rhodes (trans.). Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-8028-4098-1.
- ^ a b c Frederic G. Kenyon, Handbook to the Textual Criticism of the New Testament, London2, 1912, p. 120.
- ^ a b c Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, "The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration", Oxford University Press (New York - Oxford, 2005), p. 84.
- ^ a b Gregory, Caspar René (1900). Textkritik des Neuen Testaments. Vol. 1. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung. p. 93.
- ^ Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration, Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 71.
- ^ Eberhard Nestle, Erwin Nestle, Barbara Aland and Kurt Aland (eds), Novum Testamentum Graece, 26th edition, (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1991), p. 58. [NA26]
- ^ a b ΝΑ26, p. 81
- ^ B. H. Streeter, The Four Gospels. A Study of Origins the Manuscripts Tradition, Sources, Authorship, & Dates, MacMillan and Co Limited, Oxford 1924.
- ^ Codex Beratinus Φ (043): at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- ^ Pierre Batiffol, Les manuscrits grecs de Berat d'Albanie et le Codex Purpureus Φ, Paris 1886, p. 8
- ^ Xhevat Lloshi, Rreth ALFABETIT Të Shqipes (2008), p. 94
- ^ Albania Expedition Archived 2009-08-10 at the Wayback Machine at the CSNTM
- ^ "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ "Codex Purpureus Beratinus". UNESCO Memory of the World Programme. 2008-05-16. Archived from the original on 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
External links
edit- Online Hi-Res images at the CSNTM.
- R. Waltz, Codex Beratinus Φ (043), Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism.
- A Codex Purpureus Beratinus at the UNESCO website at the Wayback Machine (archived January 18, 2008)
- Website of Unesco
- Kodikët e Shqipërisë (’Albániai kódexek’)
Further reading
edit
- Pierre Batiffol, Evangeliorum codex Graecus purpureus Beratinus Φ, in: Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, de l'école française de Rome 5 (Paris and Rome, 1882), pp. 358–376.
- Pierre Batiffol (1886). Les manuscrits grecs de Berat d'Albanie et le Codex Purpureus Φ. Paris.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - W. H. P. Hatch (1939). The Principal Uncial Manuscripts of the New Testament. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- J. Koder (1972). "Zur Wiederentdeckung zweier Codices Beratini". Byzantinische Zeitschrift. 65 (2): 327–328. doi:10.1515/byzs.1972.65.2.327. S2CID 194065009.
- Shaban Sinani, Kodikët e Shqipërisë dhe 2000-vjetori i krishtërimit, in: "Media", 2000/6.