The Council of London, also known as the Synod of Westminster, was a Catholic church council convened by Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, on Michaelmas in 1102. It marked the first major council of his episcopate, as he had been prohibited from convening any during the reign of William II of England. Anselm took the opportunity to initiate the Gregorian Reformation, prohibiting marriage, concubinage, and drunkenness to all those in holy orders,[1] condemning sodomy[2] and simony,[3] and regulating clerical dress,[3] particularly against the recent trend towards pigaches.[4] Anselm also obtained a resolution against the slave trade in England, although this was aimed mainly at the sale of English slaves to the Irish and did not prevent the church from owning slaves.[5][6][7]
Those present included John of Tours[8] and Roger, the latter being elected to the see of Hereford by the council.
See also
editReferences
editCitations
edit- ^ Partner (1973), pp. 467–475, 468.
- ^ Boswell (1981), p. 215.
- ^ a b Vaughn (1975), p. 295.
- ^ Perry (1890), p. 190.
- ^ Pijper (1909), p. 681.
- ^ Crawley (1910).
- ^ Thomas (2006), p. 35.
- ^ Smith (1942).
Bibliography
edit- Boswell, John (1981), Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-06711-4.
- Crawley, John J. (1910), Lives of the Saints, John J. Crawley & Co., archived from the original on 11 May 2017, retrieved 29 June 2015
- Partner, Nancy (December 1973), "Henry of Huntingdon: Clerical Celibacy and the Writing of History", Church History, 42 (4): 467–475, 468, doi:10.2307/3164967, JSTOR 3164967, S2CID 162469275.
- Perry, George Gresley (1890), A History of the English Church: First Period: From the Planting of the Church in Britain to the Accession of Henry VIII. (596–1509), The Student's English Church History (5th ed.), London: John Murray.
- Pijper, Frederik (1909), "The Christian Church and Slavery in the Middle Ages", The American Historical Review, Vol. XIV, No. 4, American Historical Association, JSTOR 1837055.
- Smith, R.A.L. (1942), "John of Tours, Bishop of Bath 1088–1122", Downside Review, Vol. LXX, pp. 132–141.
- Thomas, Hugh (2006), The Slave Trade: History of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440-1870, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, ISBN 978-0753820568.
- Vaughn, Sally (1975), "St Anselm of Canterbury: the Philosopher-Saint as Politician", Journal of Medieval History, Vol. I, pp. 279–306.