The Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area (Chinese: 臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例), also called Cross-Strait Act (Chinese: 兩岸條例),[1] is the law of the Republic of China (Taiwan or ROC) governing cross-strait relations.[2]
| Cross-Strait Act | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Legislative Yuan | |
| |
| Citation | Laws and regulations database |
| Passed | 16 July 1992 |
| Commenced | 31 July 1992 |
| Related legislation | |
| Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China | |
| Keywords | |
| Cross-strait relations, Taiwanese people, Chinese people | |
| Status: Amended | |
| Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 台湾地区与大陆地区人民关系条例 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Cross-Strait Act | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 兩岸條例 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 两岸条例 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| People of the Cross-Strait Act | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 兩岸人民條例 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 两岸人民条例 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Cross-Strait Relations Act | |||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 兩岸關係條例 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 两岸关系条例 | ||||||||||||||||||
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The main purpose of the act is to protect the security and welfare of the people of Taiwan.[3] The act defines its de facto controlled territory as the Taiwan area. It also provides a legal framework on the relations between Taiwan and mainland China without recognising the People's Republic of China (PRC) and its governmental organisations. It is enacted in accordance with Article 11 of the Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China promulgated on 1 May 1991.
History
editThe act was drafted in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Early on 10 May 1948, the National Assembly of the Republic of China adopted the Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion in the midst of the civil war between the Chinese Communist Party and the Kuomintang. In 1949, the Communists overthrew the Nationalist Government from mainland China, and proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China while the government retreated to Taiwan, formerly a Qing province ceded to the Empire of Japan from 1895 to 1945.
During the "Communist Rebellion" period, the ROC regarded cross-Strait relation as at war. However, after the PRC implemented economic reform and altered the approach to Taiwan starting from 1980s, the ROC Government allowed nationals to visit their mainland relatives in 1987, and the necessity of regulating the cross-strait relationship arose thereafter.
In 1989, the Ministry of Justice unveiled the Provisional Bill Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and Mainland Area (Chinese: 臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係暫行條例草案). In 1991, the Temporary Provisions were repealed by President Lee Teng-hui, which allowed the act to be passed by the Legislative Yuan on 16 July 1992 and commenced at the end of the month.[4]
Imposition
editAmendments and constitutional validity
editThe act is prominent in governing the relationship between Taiwan and mainland China, which various subsidiary legislations were made under this law, and was amended during the ruling of both Kuomintang and Democratic Progressive Party (DPP).
Article 18 of the act, regarding the deportation of mainlanders that legally entered Taiwan, was ruled unconstitutional in 2013.[5] An amendment was passed in 2019 which any cross-Strait political settlement must be considered by the parliament twice and approved in referendum before being signed by the president.[6] A year later, parliamentarians from DPP tabled amendments to repeal wordings of "before national unification" and substitute with "accordingly to national development" or "during which the governance is limited to Tai-Peng-Kin-Ma and affiliated islands", but was withdrawn days later after first reading.[7][8]
Applicability on Hong Kong
editAccording to the act, "people of the Taiwan area" refers to those under the jurisdiction of the government of the Republic of China on Taiwan and its associated islands; "people of the Mainland area" refers to those under the jurisdiction of the government of the People's Republic of China, with the exception of Hong Kong (a former British colony that was ceded by the Qing in 1842) and Macau (formerly a Portuguese colony ceded by the Qing in 1887) which are governed by the separate Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs, unless changes in Hong Kong and Macau endanger Taiwan's security as stipulated by Article 60 of the Laws and Regulations:[9]
[...] should any change occur in the situation of Hong Kong or Macau such that the implementation of this Act endangers the security of the Taiwan Area, the Executive Yuan may request the President to order suspension of the application of all or part of the provisions of this Act [...] Should the application of any part of this Act be suspended and no other laws or regulations be formulated to govern relations between the Taiwan Area and Hong Kong or Macau, the relevant provisions of the Act Governing the Relations Between People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area shall apply.
Ban on Mainland Chinese online platforms
editChiu Chui-cheng, spokesman of the Mainland Affairs Council, revealed to Nikkei Asia in 2019 that the ROC government planned to block iQIYI and Tencent Video (or WeTV) in Taiwan to curb false information against Taiwan made by the PRC government. Chiu added that OTT, a Taiwanese subsidiary of iQIYI, was placed under investigation by the ROC's Ministry of Economic Affairs, and could be asked to close its "iQIYI Taiwan Station" if found in violation of the Act.[10][11]
On 19 August 2020, the Department of Commerce of the Economic Affairs Ministry, citing relevant regulations of the Act, banned OTT (and by extension iQIYI and Tencent Video) from further operating in Taiwan, or risk a continuous fine ranging from NT$50,000 to NT$5 million.[12]
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Reinforce Protection for National Security Related Core Technologies: MAC Approves Draft Amendments to Article 9 and Article 91 of the Cross-Strait Act at the 27th Council Meeting". Mainland Affairs Council, Republic of China (Taiwan). 2021-09-29. Archived from the original on 2021-10-30. Retrieved 2021-10-30.
- ^ "Act Governing Relations Between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area". Archived from the original on 2019-01-27. Retrieved 2019-01-26 – via Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China.
- ^ "Interpretation No. 497". Translated by Li, Fuldien. Archived from the original on 2021-11-05. Retrieved 2023-04-10 – via Constitutional Court.
- ^ "SEF Outdated for Cross-Strait Affairs". Taipei Times (Editorial). Translated by Chang, Eddy. 2014-01-27. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2014-02-21. Retrieved 2014-02-09.
- ^ 釋字第710號解釋 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2013-07-05. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27 – via Constitutional Court.
- ^ 台通过两岸人民关系条例增订案 政治协议须经立院双审议加公投. Lianhe Zaobao (in Chinese (Singapore)). 2019-05-31. Archived from the original on 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ 台灣修涉兩岸人民關係 刪除“國家統一”. RFI (in Traditional Chinese). 2020-05-08. Archived from the original on 2021-10-27. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ 修憲刪國家統一 蔡易餘撤回提案. CNA (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 2020-05-15. Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ "Laws and Regulations Regarding Hong Kong & Macao Affairs". Archived from the original on 2019-11-28 – via Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China.
- ^ Cheng, Ting-fang; Li, Lauly (2019-03-29). "Taiwan to Block Tencent and Baidu Streaming Sites on Security Risk". Nikkei Asia. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ White, Edward (2019-04-02). "Taiwan Warns of 'Rampant' Fake News Amid China Interference Fears". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2019-04-02. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
- ^ 封殺愛奇藝、騰訊到底！經濟部出手9月3日全面禁止中國OTT. 聯合新聞網 (in Chinese). 2020-08-19. Archived from the original on 2020-09-04. Retrieved 2021-10-27.