Cycas circinalis, also known as the queen sago, is a species of cycad known in the wild only from southern India. Cycas circinalis is the only gymnosperm species found among native Sri Lankan flora.
| Queen sago | |
|---|---|
| |
| In Kerala | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Cycadaceae |
| Genus: | Cycas |
| Species: | C. circinalis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Cycas circinalis | |
Taxonomy
editC. circinallis is native to southern India and Sri Lanka, but the species name was formerly widely used for similar cycads in Southeast Asia, which leads to confusion in modern sources. The specimens described as "C. circinallis" in Indonesia and New Guinea are now recognized as Cycas rumphii; while the taxon formerly described as the subspecies C. circinallis ssp. riuminiana from the Philippines is now regarded as a separate species, Cycas riuminiana.[2][3]
Cultivation
editThe plant is widely cultivated in Hawaii, both for its appearance in landscape and interiors, and for cut foliage.[4]
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Male cone, new -
Male cone, old -
Young shoots -
Seed -
Collected seeds -
Young plant as seen in forest -
Leaf
Use as food
editThe seed is poisonous. The potent poison in the seeds is removed by soaking them in water. Water from the first seed-soaking will kill birds, goats, sheep and hogs. Water from the following soakings is said to be harmless. [Minimum of 5 Soakings needed to ensure the safety][5]
After the final soaking, the seeds are dried and ground into flour. The flour is used to make tortillas, tamales, soup and porridge.
Lytico-bodig disease
editThe plant was thought to be linked with the degenerative disease lytico-bodig on the island of Guam; however, the cycad native to Guam has since been recognised as a separate species, Cycas micronesica, by K.D. Hill in 1994.
Chemistry
editLeaflets of C. circinalis contain biflavonoids such as (2S, 2′′S)-2,3,2′′,3′′-tetrahydro-4′,4′′′-di-O-methylamentoflavone (tetrahydroisoginkgetin).[6]
References
edit- ^ Varghese, A.; Krishnamurthy, V.; Garnesan, R. & Manu, K. (2010). "Cycas circinalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T42089A10627275. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
- ^ Lindstrom, Anders; Hill, Kenneth; Stanberg, Leonie (15 February 2008). "The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in The Philippines". Telopea. 12: 119–145. doi:10.7751/telopea20085805.
- ^ Lindstrom, Anders; Hill, Kenneth; Stanberg, Leonie (26 October 2009). "The genus Cycas (Cycadaceae) in Indonesia". Telopea. 12 (3): 385–418. doi:10.7751/telopea20095826.
- ^ Iwata, Ruth Y.; Rauch, Fred D. (October 1988). "King and Queen Sago". University of Hawaii. hdl:10125/6011. Retrieved September 24, 2012.
- ^ Spatz, Maria (October 1969). "TOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC ALKYLATING AGENTS FROM CYCADS". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 163 (2): 848–859. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1969.tb24905.x. ISSN 0077-8923.
- ^ Phytochemical Investigation of Cycas circinalis and Cycas revoluta Leaflets: Moderately Active Antibacterial Biflavonoids. Abeer Moawad, Mona Hetta, Jordan K. Zjawiony, Melissa R. Jacob, Mohamed Hifnawy, Jannie P. J. Marais and Daneel Ferreira, Planta Med., 2010, 76(8), pages 796-802, doi:10.1055/s-0029-1240743