The Daewoo Precision Industries K1/K1A is a South Korean selective-fire assault rifle developed by Agency for Defense Development (ADD) and manufactured by Daewoo Precision Industries (now SNT Motiv)[3] and Dasan Machineries (since 2016). It entered service in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in 1981. Although the K1 uses .223 Remington, it is classified as a submachine gun by the South Korean military and the manufacturer,[4] because the K1 was intended to replace the M3 submachine gun.
| Daewoo Precision Industries K1A | |
|---|---|
 Daewoo Precision Industries K1A | |
| Type | Assault rifle Carbine |
| Place of origin | South Korea |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1981–present |
| Used by | See Users |
| Wars | Persian Gulf War War in Afghanistan[1] Iraq War[1] |
| Production history | |
| Designer | Agency for Defense Development Daewoo Precision Industries |
| Designed | 1977–1982 |
| Manufacturer | Arsenal of National Defense (1980–1981) Daewoo Precision Industries (1981–1999) Daewoo Telecom (1999–2002) Daewoo Precision (2002–2006) S&T Daewoo (2006–2012) S&T Motiv (2012–2021) SNT Motiv (2021–present) Dasan Machineries (2016–present) |
| Produced | 1980–present |
| No. built | 180,000[2] |
| Variants | See Variants |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 2.87 kg (6.3 lb) (w/o magazine) |
| Length | 838 mm (33.0 in) (stock extended) 653 mm (25.7 in) (stock retracted) |
| Barrel length | 263 mm (10.4in) |
| Cartridge | .223 Remington (pre 2014 production) 5.56×45mm NATO (post 2014 production) |
| Caliber | 5.56 mm |
| Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt (direct impingement) |
| Rate of fire | 750–900 rounds/min |
| Muzzle velocity | 820 m/s (2,700 ft/s) (KM193) 790 m/s (2,600 ft/s) (K100) |
| Effective firing range | 250 m (KM193) 400 m (K100) |
| Feed system | Various STANAG magazines. |
| Sights | Iron sights |
Development
editIn 1976, the ROKA Special Warfare Command requested a new weapon to replace the old M3 submachine gun. In the following year, ADD launched a project derived from the XB rifle, which started in 1972 to replace licensed M16A1s with indigenous weapons. Under the demands of the ROK-SWC, the new submachine gun must acquire greater firepower, light weight, cost effectiveness, and easy access to spare parts. The first prototypes were made in 1980, and entered service in 1981 after series of field test.
But due to the design of its flash suppressor, the K1 exhibited serious problems in service with the ROK armed forces. The original version had excessive recoil, noise, flash, and weak stock due to increase in firepower. These problems caused difficulty in aiming especially during night operation.
These shortcomings were later fixed by the development and adoption of a new flash suppressor, which has three holes in the top right quadrant to limit muzzle flip under rapid fire and reduces flash to one-third of that of the early K1. This new version of K1 is known as the K1A and its production began in 1982. All K1 submachine guns in service were subsequently modified to the K1A standard.
The K1A is often mated with the PVS-4K rail integration system created by Dong In Optical (DI Optical). It is seen as a potential candidate for the "Warrior Platform", a Korean next-generation infantry project.[5]
Since 2014, newly produced and repaired K1A received new barrel suited for firing 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition. Various RIS systems developed by D.I (Dong In) Optical and MITS have been issued in small quantities, primarily to SWC units.
Differences
editMost of the time, K1 submachine gun is regarded as a shortened or carbine version of Daewoo Precision Industries K2 assault rifle. However, although the two guns share development history they are very different from each other for the following reasons:
- The development of K1 was completed earlier than that of K2.[6]
- The K1 uses the direct impingement gas system, while the K2 uses AK-47 style gas piston system.[6]
- The K1 has 1-in-12 rifling twist for .223 Remington, while the K2 has 1-in-7.3 rifling twist for 5.56×45mm NATO.[6]
The carbine version of K2 named K2C was developed and shown to the public in 2012 by SNT Motiv.
Variants
edit
- XK1: Experimental prototype.
- K1: First mass-produced variant. Every K1 has been modified to K1A standard.
- K1A: Second mass-produced enhanced variant.
- K1A1/MAX-1/AR-110C: Semi-automatic version of K1A for export civilian market with an extended 16" barrel and stock in compliance of barrel and overall length of the National Firearms Act. All variants were marked 5.56×45mm NATO.
Future replacement
editThe S&T Motiv K2C, an upgraded carbine version of the K2 rifle, was provided to the Republic of Korea Army Special Warfare Command for trial. After a series of tests, K2C was rejected. Instead, the ROK Armed Forces launched a competition for replacing K1A with new rifle.
On 13 June 2020, the ROK-SWC announced that the DSAR15PC had been selected as its new service carbine to replace the K1A carbine. The DSAR15P is based on the CAR 816 and other AR-15 platforms, with the carbine version having an 11.5 in (290 mm) barrel and weighing 3 kg (6.6 lb). 1,000 carbines were initially to be delivered to gather user feedback, with 15,000 to be delivered by 2023.[7][8] However, on 14 July 2021 it was announced that due to leaking of military secrets by a company executive, the DSAR15PC acquisition had been cancelled.[9]
In October 2023, SNT Motiv (formerly Daewoo Precision Industries) announced that the STC16 had been selected for the Special Operations Submachinegun Type II program to deliver 1,710 carbines to partially replace the K1A, and been designated the K13. The K13 is a 5.56×45mm short-stroke gas-piston driven carbine weighing 3 kg with a 292 mm free-floating barrel. Both the STC16 and DSAP-15 will compete in the reinitiated Type I program to deliver another 16,000 carbines to fully replace the K1A.[10][11][12]
Deployment of the K13 began in February 2024, but it encountered issues with cartridge explosions during firing.[13]
Users
edit
Indonesian Air Force Military Police NCOs with K1 carbines 
Cambodia: Used by Special Forces Command (Cambodia)[14] 137 K1As sold.[15]
Indonesia: Seen in use by the Indonesian Air Force[16]
South Korea: Standard-issued submachine gun of the ROK Armed Forces.[1] Will be partially replaced by the STC16/K13 carbine.[10]
Papua New Guinea[17]
Senegal: Received 280 K1A rifles in 2003.[18]
Singapore: 855 K1As sold to Singapore from a SIPRI small arms report in 2019.[15]
See also
edit- M3 submachine gun: used prior to and replaced by K1A
- Daewoo Precision Industries K2: related development
- Daewoo Precision Industries K7: 9×19 Parabellum submachine gun with permanent silencer based on K1A
- S&T Motiv K2C: proposed replacement, rejected after field test
- S&T Motiv STC16: will partially replace K1A, designated K13
- Dasan Machineries DSAR-15: initially selected winner for replacement of K1A by ROKASWC, later rejected
References
edit- ^ a b c "201003140001071.pdf" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2010-06-18.
- ^ "South Korea's DAPA selects DSAR-15PC carbine variant for RoKA's Special Warfare Command". www.janes.com. Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- ^ "Business Outline, Defense Business". S&T Daewoo. Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2010-07-01.
- ^ "E-Catalog" (PDF).[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Show Report: DX Korea 2018". Archived from the original on 2019-02-12. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ a b c "Daewoo K1". Rifles n Guns. Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2008-10-30.
- ^ South Korea Special Forces select Dasan Machineries DSAR15P as future assault rifle. Army Recognition. 16 June 2020.
- ^ South Korea Selects DSAR-15PC Carbine for RoKA’s Special Warfare Command. The Firearm Blog. 18 June 2020.
- ^ 김, 형준. "[단독]'기밀유출' 특수작전용 기관단총 결국 개발 중단". n.news.naver.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-02-04.
- ^ a b SNT Motiv Presents K13 Carbine at Seoul ADEX 2023. Small Arms Defense Journal. 13 October 2023
- ^ Show Report: ADEX 2023. Small Arms Defense Journal. 11 December 2023.
- ^ "SNT Motiv". sntmotiv.com. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
- ^ "신형 K-13 기관단총 '사격중 탄환 폭발' 잇따라 발생…인명피해는 없어". KBS 뉴스 (in Korean). Retrieved 2024-05-19.
- ^ "캄보디아 군대가 도입한 한국제군장비".
- ^ a b "Archived copy" (PDF). www.smallarmssurvey.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ OSINT, JAT (11 July 2024). "Indonesian Air Force #TNIAU Military Police NCOs armed with 🇰🇷 Daewoo K1 carbines during their recent inauguration ceremony process in Yogyakarta". X (formerly Twitter). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ "[S&T모티브] 국군 소총 국산화 이어 중동·중남미 등 수출도". 23 November 2014.
- ^ "ID No. 195149". Archived from the original on 2013-01-27. Retrieved 2012-11-30.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
External links
edit