De-policing is a term for police disengaging from active police work, generally as a reaction to external scrutiny or negative publicity.[1] A form of work slowdown, de-policing represents a de facto police strike, in which the police withdraw an aspect of their crime prevention services.[citation needed] It is a practical police protest at perceived political interference in their day-to-day task of policing.[2]
Conservative author Heather Mac Donald offered another interpretation for the term "de-policing". In her book The War on Cops,[3] she used the term as the antithesis for pro-active policing in general. In the light of the 2014 killing of Eric Garner in Staten Island, New York and criticism of "broken windows" policing,[4] MacDonald used the term de-policing to describe the NYPD's policy of backing away from actively pursuing stop-and-frisk procedures as a primary method of crime prevention.
According to a 2019 study, there is no evidence that de-policing contributes to city homicide rates.[5] A 2017 FBI study suggested that law enforcement felt a "chill wind" after several high-profile police killings in recent years—especially the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri.[6] The study noted the stance of politicians, the media, and the broader social movement making people feel that it was acceptable "to challenge and discredit law enforcement actions"; and proposed that these circumstances have demoralized police officers and led them to do less on the job.[6][7] In a 2017 survey by Pew Research Center, 86% of police officers said they believed that police killings of African Americans had made policing more difficult.[6]
Recent court decisions like Ligon[8] and Floyd[9] have also contributed[how?][clarification needed] to the atmosphere of de-policing in many American cities, but particularly New York City.[10] Cities like Ferguson, Missouri and Baltimore, Maryland have been similarly affected due to what is perceived as unfair and aggressive policing in minority communities.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rushin, Stephen; Edwards, Griffin (March 2017). "De-Policing". Cornell Law Review. 102.
- ^ Kaste, Martin (8 January 2015). "When Morale Dips, Some Cops Walk The Beat — But Do The Minimum". NPR. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
- ^ MacDonald, Heather (2016). The War on Cops. New York, NY: Encounter Books. pp. 31–35. ISBN 9781594038761.
- ^ Kelling, George (March 1982). "Broken Windows". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Richard; Wallman, Joel (2019). "Did de-policing cause the increase in homicide rates?". Criminology & Public Policy. 18 (1): 51–75. doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12414. ISSN 1745-9133. S2CID 159354985.
- ^ a b c "Analyzing the State of U.S. Policing". FBI: Law Enforcement Bulletin. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
- ^ "The Assailant Study - Mindsets and Behaviors" (PDF). Federal Bureau of Investigation, Office of Partner Engagement. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- ^ Court of Appeals, US (2014-02-21). "Ligon vs. New York City". FindLaw. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ^ Court of Appeals, US (2014-10-31). "Floyd vs. New York City". Findlaw. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
- ^ Fagan, Jeffery; Richman, Daniel (2017). "Understanding Recent Spikes and Longer Trends in American Murders". Columbia Law School, Faculty Scholarship.
External links
edit- Racial profiling is confirmed: Police face new rules on ticketing, The Boston Globe, May 4, 2004, by Bill Dedman.
- NIGHTLINE: AMERICA IN BLACK & WHITE: DE-POLICING: 07/23/2001