Queen Jeinwondeok (Korean: 제인원덕왕비; Hanja: 齊仁元德王妃; 15 December 1476 – 16 May 1537), of the Geochang Shin clan, was the wife and queen consort of Yi Yung, King Yeonsan, the 10th Joseon monarch.[1] She was queen consort of Joseon from 1494 until her husband's deposition in 1506, after which she was known as Deposed Queen Shin (폐비 신씨).[2] She did not receive a further royal title posthumously.
| Deposed Queen Shin 폐비 신씨 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen consort of Joseon | |||||
| Tenure | 29 December 1494 – 2 September 1506 | ||||
| Predecessor | Queen Jeonghyeon | ||||
| Successor | Queen Dangyeong | ||||
| Crown Princess of Joseon | |||||
| Tenure | 26 January 1488 – 29 December 1494 | ||||
| Predecessor | Crown Princess Han | ||||
| Successor | Crown Princess Park | ||||
| Born | 15 December 1476 Hanseong, Joseon | ||||
| Died | 16 May 1537 (aged 60) Jeotaek, Hanseong, Joseon | ||||
| Burial | Yeonsangunmyo | ||||
| Spouse | Yeonsangun of Joseon (m. 1488–1506) | ||||
| Issue |
| ||||
| |||||
| House | Geochang Shin | ||||
| Father | Shin Seung-seon | ||||
| Mother | Princess Jungmo | ||||
Biography
editEarly life
editLady Shin was born into the Geochang Shin clan on 15 December 1476 to Shin Seung-seon and Princess Jungmo. Her mother was the daughter of King Sejong's fourth son, Grand Prince Imyeong. The grand prince was the younger brother of Prince Gwangpyeong, who served as Yeonguijeong during the reign of King Sejo. These two are uncles of Lady Sin. Accordingly Lady Shin was 7th cousins (first cousin twice removed) to her future husband.
As Lady Shin and her siblings came from a prestigious family, they had overlapping lineages and marriages with the royal family. She was the aunt of Queen Dangyeong, the first wife of King Jungjong, and was also the aunt of Nam Chi-won, husband of Princess Gyeongsun, the 5th daughter of King Seongjong.
Her older brother, Shin Su-geun, also married a first cousin of Queen Insu, as well as her third older brother, Shin Su-yeong, who married Queen Ansun's younger sister.
Marriage
editIn March 1487 (18th year of King Seongjong) it was arranged that Lady Shin would marry the Crown Prince. On 26 January 1488 (19th year of King Seongjong) the marriage ceremony was held at Injeong Hall in the palace Changdeokgung. Lady Shin became the Crown Princess of Joseon.
Lady Shin was granted the titles of Princess Consort Yeonsan (연산군부인; 燕山君夫人) and Princess Consort Geochang (거창군부인; 居昌郡夫人).
Life as princess consort
editAccording to the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, Shin was peaceful, respectful, gentle, virtuous and discreet.
In 1491 (22nd year of King Seongjong) Princess Hwisin was born.[3] In 1493 (24th year of King Seongjong) the princess consort participated in Chinjamrye that was hosted by Queen Jeonghyeon.
In 1494 (25th year of King Seongjong) the princess consort gave birth to a son who died a month later. In December of the same year, King Seongjong passed away and Prince Yeonsangun took the throne.[4] The princess consort became the queen consort.
Life as queen consort
editIn 1497 (3rd year of Yeonsangun's reign) under the supervision of the queen consort, approximately 160 citizens were invited to perform at the Seonjeon Hall in Changdeok Palace. In December of the same year, the queen consort gave birth to Crown Prince Hwang. In 1498, 1500, and 1503, Queen Shin gave special care to the elderly by offering to pay for their funerals.
In 1499, the Queen's 13-year-old niece, Lady Shin, married Grand Prince Jinseong, who was the son of King Seongjong and Queen Jeonghyeon. This niece in time became princess consort (later Queen Dangyeong).
In 1502 (8th year of Yeonsangun's reign) the Queen's father, Shin Seung-seon, died and the queen consort was close giving birth. King Yeonsangun prevented his wife from attending her father's funeral as he wanted her birth to auspicious.
In 1504 (10th year of Yeonsangun's reign) King Yeonsangun ordered a purge following the death of his mother, Queen Jeheon. He executed the ministers and members of the royal family that were involved in her death. It was said that the King went to the quarters of his step-mother Queen Dowager Jasun and held her at sword point. He thereupon ordered the Queen Dowager to come out of her living quarters, but the queen consort intervened to protect her mother-in-law from her step-son.
A few days after this, the king organized another Chinjamrye. Geochang, the hometown of the queen, was promoted to a county during the reign of King Yeonsangun but was later relegated to Geochang-hyeon.[5]
In 1505, Queen Shin was honoured with the title Queen Jeinwondeok.[6][7]
Later life
editWhen the Jungjong coup happened in 1506, King Yeonsan was demoted to a prince and sent into exile on Ganghwa Island.[8] This led Queen Shin to lose her status as queen consort and she became known simply as a princess consort. Her sons were sentenced to death by poisoning immediately following the coup. The new king, Jungjong, was reluctant to enforce such punishment from court officials.[9]
After she was deposed, Jungjong treated Queen Shin generously. Her servants did not leave her because of her good character.
Before dying that same year, the former king stated "I miss my wife, Lady Shin" (아내 신씨가 보고 싶다) on his deathbed.
In the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty, it is said that Yeonsan cared for Lady Shin, or that he took care of her and her relatives. There are records that there were many children of the two of them. On the day of his sudden death, Lady Shin was the only person who was able to stop Yeonsangun from running amok, and Yeonsangun turned around without harming her.
In 1512 (7th year of King Jungjong's reign) Queen Shin suggested that the tomb of her husband, Yeonsangun, be moved to Haechon, Yangju. This was permitted by King Jungjong.
In 1521, when the house of her family collapsed to due to heavy rain, King Jungjong gifted her the house of Ahn Cheo-gyeom (안처겸; 安處謙).
The deposed Queen Shin outlived her husband by 31 years and died at the age of 60 on 16 May 1537. She is interred beside Yeonsan's. Her tombstone states her name as Princess Consort Geochang of the Geochang Shin clan (거창군부인 신씨).
Gu Eom (son of Queen Shin's only daughter Princess Hwisin) held the ancestral rites for Queen Shin and King Yeonsangun. After Gu died, his adoptive grandson, Yi Ahn-nul (이안눌; 李安訥), inherited the position.
Family
editParents
- Father: Shin Seung-seon (신승선; 愼承善; 1436 –1502)
- Mother: Princess Jungmo, Internal Princess Consort Heungan of the Jeonju Yi clan (정경부인 중모현주 증 흥안부부인 전주 이씨; 貞敬夫人 中牟縣主 贈 興安府夫人 全州 李氏; 1435–?)
Sibling(s)
- Older brother: Shin Su-geun (신수근; 愼守勤; 1450–1506)
- Older brother: Shin Su-gyeom (신수겸; 愼守謙; 1454–1503)
- Older brother: Shin Su-yeong (신수영; 愼守英; 1457 – 2 September 1506)
- Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨; 居昌 慎氏; 1466–?)
- Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨; 居昌 慎氏; 1467–?)
- Older sister: Lady Shin of the Geochang Shin clan (거창 신씨; 居昌 慎氏; 1468–?)
Consort
- Yi Yung, King Yeonsan (연산군 이융; 23 November 1476 – 20 November 1506)
Issue
- Daughter: Yi Su-eok, Princess Hwisin (휘신공주; 24 October 1491–?)
- Unnamed daughter
- Unnamed son (1494–1494)
- Daughter: Princess Yi Bok-eok (공주 이복억; 李福億; 1499–?)
- Son: Deposed Crown Prince Yi Hwang (폐왕세자 이황; 10 January 1498 – 24 September 1506)
- Unnamed son (1500–?)
- Son: Yi Seong, Grand Prince Changnyeong (이성 창녕대군; 18 June 1500 – 10 October 1506)
- Son: Grand Prince Yi In-su (대군 이인수; 李仁壽; 1501 – 12 September 1503)
- Son: Grand Prince Yi Chong-su (대군 이총수; 李聰壽; 1502–1503)
- Son: Grand Prince Yi Yeong-su (대군 이영수; 李榮壽; 1503–1503)
In popular culture
edit- Portrayed by Gwon Jae-hee in the 1988 film Diary of King Yeonsan.
- Portrayed by Park Ha-sun in the 2007–2008 SBS TV series The King and I.
- Portrayed by Hong Soo-hee in the 2011–2012 JTBC TV series Insu, the Queen Mother.
- Portrayed by Song Ji-in in the 2017 KBS2 TV series Queen for Seven Days.
References
edit- ^ 강문식; 이현진 (2011-07-31). 종묘와 사직 : 조선을 떠받친 두 기둥 (in Korean). 책과함께. ISBN 978-89-97735-81-5.
- ^ 국인물사연구원 (2011-04-07). 을사사화 : 핏빛 조선 4대 사화 네 번째 (in Korean). 타오름. ISBN 978-89-94125-13-8.
- ^ 여미현; 허준성 (2023-04-17). 교실 밖 교과서 여행 (in Korean). 넥서스BOOKS. ISBN 979-11-6683-567-4.
- ^ 신, 병주 (2018-04-10). 신병주 교수의 조선 산책 (in Korean). Maekyung Publishing. ISBN 979-11-5542-836-8.
- ^ 《중종실록》 1권, 중종 1년(1506년 명 정덕(正德) 1년) 9월 19일 (을미)
- ^ 《조선왕조실록》연산군 11년(1505) 8월 26일 1번째 기사
- ^ 신, 봉승 (2000-02-02). 시인 연산군 (in Korean). 도서출판 선. ISBN 978-89-86509-06-9.
- ^ Rurarz, Joanna (2009). Historia Korei [History of Korea] (in Polish). Dialog. pp. 234–35. ISBN 978-83-89899-28-6.
- ^ 조선왕조실록.