List of earth deities

This is a list of earth deities. An Earth god or Earth goddess is a deification of the Earth associated with a figure with chthonic or terrestrial attributes. There are many different Earth goddesses and gods in many different cultures mythology. However, Earth is usually portrayed as a goddess. Earth goddesses are often associated with the chthonic deities of the underworld.^[1]

Statue of Deity of Earth and Soil in Polytheism left - Statue dìguān dàdì (Three Great Emperor-Officials), in Taoism and Chinese folk religion in Magongsānguān shrine (澎湖三官殿) Magong Penghu, Taiwan and right - Geb in Ancient Egyptian religion

Painting in Yuan dynasty of Goddess Dimǔ Niángniáng with attendant, in Taoism and Chinese folk religion at Yongle Palace Temple (永樂宮) of Ruicheng, Shanxi Province, China

Statue of syncretic Goddess Persephone - Isis with a sistrum, Heraklion Archaeological Museum, Heraklion, Crete

In Greek mythology, the Earth is personified as Gaia, corresponding to Roman Terra, Indic Prithvi, etc. traced to an "Earth Mother" complementary to the "Sky Father" in Proto-Indo-European religion. Egyptian mythology have the sky goddesses, Nut and Hathor, with the earth gods, Osiris and Geb. Ki and Ninhursag are Mesopotamian earth goddesses.

African mythology

Akan mythology

Asase Yaa, the goddess of the harsh earth, Truth and Mother of the Dead. An ancient religious figure worshipped by the indigenous Akan people of the Guinea Coast, Asase/Yaa is also known as Aberewa which is Akan for "Old Woman". Not only is she an Earth Goddess she also represents procreation, truth, love, fertility, peace, and the earth of the Akan.
Asase Afua, the Goddess of the lush earth, fertility, love, procreation and farming

Aksumite

Medr/Meder, Ethiopian, Aksumite, Earth god

Bakongo religion

Nzambici, the God of Essence, the Earth and Sky Mother, mother of all animals

Egyptian mythology

Geb, god of the earth, vegetation, earthquakes, and snakes; "God of Earth and Land"

Igbo mythology

Ala, alusi of the earth, morality, fertility, and creativity

Malagasy mythology

Ratovantany, Malagasy deity that shaped humans from clay and takes their corpses after death

Yoruba mythology

Babalú-Ayé, orisha of the earth, healing, smallpox, respect for the elderly

American mythology

Aztec mythology

Tlaltecuhtli, the earth deity whose body created the world
Tezcatlipoca, Aztec deity associated with the earth, the night sky, the night winds, hurricanes, the north, obsidian, enmity, discord, rulership, divination, temptation, jaguars, sorcery, beauty, war and strife.

Haudenosaunee mythology

Atsi tsien ke:ion (pronunciation Ageejenguyuon) meaning Mature flower - Sky woman who fell from the sky and created North America on the back of a turtle.
Hah-nu-nah, the turtle that bears the world.

Inca mythology

Apu, a deity of the mountains
Mama Pacha, the goddess of the earth
Pachamama

Inuit mythology

Alignak, in Inuit mythology, a lunar deity, but also god of earthquakes, as well as weather, water, tides, and eclipses

Lakota mythology

Maka-akaŋ, the earth goddess

Lucumi

Aganju, in Cuba, is a volcano deity for the practitioners of the Lucumi, Santeria religion

Mapuche

Trengtrengfilu, Mapuche god of Earth and Fertility

Southwestern

Spider Grandmother

Asian mythology

Ainu mythology

Cikap-kamuy, god of owls and the earth

Anatolian mythology

Cybele, mother goddess of the earth

Chinese mythology

Houtu, goddess of the earth
Tudigong or Tu Di Gong', local god of the earth in Taoism and Chinese folk religion, "God of Earth and Land"
dìguān dàdì (Three Great Emperor-Officials), in Taoism and Chinese folk religion, "Emperor God of Earth and Land"
Na Tuk Kong, in Taoism and Chinese folk religion of Malaysian Chinese - Peranakans and Chinese Indonesians, "Tutelary deity of Earth and Land"

Gondi mythology

Bhivsen or Bhimal, god of the earth
Bhum, goddess of the earth and mother of humanity

Hittite mythology

Sarruma, god of the mountains
Ubelluris, mountain god who bears the world in his shoulders

Hindu mythology

Prithvi, the Mother-goddess of the earth, featured in Vedas
Bhumi, goddess of the earth, featured in Puranas
Dharā Hindu Vasu god representing the earth and the element earth

Buddhist mythology

Kṣitigarbha, "bodhisattva of Earth and Land"
Vasudhara, goddess

Meitei mythology

In Meitei mythology and religion:

Leimarel Sidabi, goddess of the earth, creation, nature, and the household
Panthoibi
Phouoibi

Sumerian mythology

Ki, goddess of the earth
Ninhursag, mother goddess of the earth, fertility, mountains, and rulers
Šumugan, in Sumerian mythology, god of the river plains, given charge by the god Enki over the flat alluvial lands of southern Mesopotamia
Nuska vizier of the chief Sumerian god Enlil but later associated with Nippur ("Enlil City") as the god of the earth
Enten, Sumerian fertility deity identified with the abundance of the earth
Enlil (𒀭𒂗𒆤), ancient Mesopotamian god associated with wind, air, earth, and storms
Enki (𒂗𒆠), Sumerian god, literal translation "Lord of the Earth"
Emesh, Sumerian god created at the wish of Enlil to take responsibility on earth for woods, fields, sheepfolds, and stables

Thai mythology

Phra Mae Thorani, goddess of the earth who stopped the demons from attacking the Buddha.
Phra Bhum Chaiya mongkol (พระภูมิชัยมงคล - Bhummaso), "Tutelary deity of Earth and Land"^[2] in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and myanmar
Phra Mae Thorani and Phra Nang Bhum Chaiya (พระนางภูมิไชยา - Bhummaso), "Tutelary goddess of Earth and Land" in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and myanmar

Turkic and Mongolian mythology

Etugen Eke, goddess of the earth
Umay (Eje)

Vedic religion

In Historical Vedic religion:

Prithvi

Vietnamese

Ông Địa, is the earth god who governs the land
Ông Tà, the god who governs the fields and gardens
Mẫu Địa
Diêu Trì Địa Mẫu
Bà Thổ
Hậu Thổ

European mythology

Albanian mythology

Zonja e Dheut, Dheu: goddess of the earth, great mother earth, respectively

Baltic mythology

Žemyna, goddess of the earth

Celtic mythology

Danu, ancient goddess of the earth

Etruscan mythology

Cel, goddess of the earth

Finnish mythology

Akka, goddess of the earth

Georgian mythology

Mindort-batoni, god of the mountains

Germanic mythology

Jörð, goddess of the earth
Nerthus, earth goddess
Skaði, goddess of the mountains and winter
Sif, goddess of the earth

Greek mythology

Demeter, goddess of the harvest, sacred law, and the earth
Gaia, primordial goddess of the earth. She was one of the earliest elemental deities, having been created at the beginning of time. It was thought that all creation is descended from Gaia, the great mother of all things. According to Greek mythology, she was the creator of the universe and was responsible for the birth of both humanity and the first race of gods the Titans.
Cronus, god of the harvest.
Poseidon, one of the Twelve Olympians in ancient Greek religion and myth; god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses.
Cybele
Persephone
Rhea

Latvian mythology

Zemes māte^[3]
Māra^[4]^[5]

Lithuanian mythology

Žemyna

Roman mythology

Ceres, goddess of the harvest, motherhood, and the earth
Terra, ancient goddess of the earth
Ops
Proserpina

Romanian

Muma Pădurii, Mama Gaia

Slavic mythology

Mat Zemlya, ancient goddess of the earth
Mokosh, goddess of fertility, moisture, women, the earth, and death. One of the oldest and only goddess in the slavic religion, Old Kievan pantheon of AD 980 mentions Mokoš, which survives in East Slavic folk traditions. Known as a woman who in the evening spins flax and wool, shears sheep, and has a large head and long arms.
Troglav, deity in Slavic mythology whose three heads were believed to represent sky, earth and the underworld.
Veles, horned god of the underworld, water, the earth, wealth, and cattle
Volos, Slavic god of earth, waters, and the underworld.

Oceanian mythology

Hawaiian mythology

Papahānaumoku, goddess of the earth

haumea, goddess of the Hawaiian Islands

Maori mythology

Papa, or Papatūānuku, goddess of the earth
Rūaumoko, in Māori mythology, god of earthquakes, volcanoes and seasons.^[6]^[7]

Western Asian mythology

Levantine mythology

Amurru, Amorite deity, occasionally called "lord of the steppe" or "lord of the mountain" ^[8]

References

^ "Definition of EARTH GODDESS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
^ "รู้จักกับ "พระภูมิทั้ง 9" คู่บ้าน คู่เมืองชาวสยาม! เทวดาผู้ดูแลเรือกสวนไร่นาป่าเขา บูชาตามประเพณี คุ้มครองป้องภัย พลิกร้ายกลายดี". 29 August 2017.
^ Šmits, Pēteris (1918). Latviešu Mitoloģija (PDF) (in Latvian). Latviesu rakstnieku un makslinieku biedriba. pp. 14–15. OCLC 12301101 – via dom.lndb.lv. Other editions: OCLC 12301047, 776694498, 276876979; Reprinted: ISBN 9789955591085
^ Paliepa, Jānis (2011). The origin of the Baltic and Vedic languages: Baltic mythology; Interdisciplinary treatise. Bloomington, IN, US: Author House. pp. 46, 52. ISBN 9781456729028. OCLC 1124421252, 890769223.
^ Jānis, Tupešu (Fall 1987). "The Ancient Latvian Religion — Dievturība". LITUANUS: Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. 33 (3). Chicago, IL, US: LITUANUS Foundation. ISSN 0024-5089. OCLC 561497100.
^ Te Papa. "Ruaumoko - God of Earthquakes". Wellington, New Zealand: Earthquake Commission. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.
^ McSaveney, Eileen (2 March 2009). "Historic earthquakes - Earthquakes in Māori tradition". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Manatū Taonga | Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 3 May 2012.
^ Beaulieu, Paul-Alain. "The God Amurru as Emblem of Ethnic and Cultural Identity". In: Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia (W. van Soldt, R. Kalvelagen, and D. Katz, eds.) Papers Read at the 48th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden, July 1–4, 2002. PIHANS 102. Nederlands: Instituut voor her Nabije Oosten, 2005. pp. 31-46.

External links

Billington, Sandra; Green, Miranda (1998). Concept of the Goddess. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781134641512. OCLC 51912602, 252768704 – via Google Books preview.

[1] "Definition of EARTH GODDESS". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2017-06-20.

[2] "รู้จักกับ "พระภูมิทั้ง 9" คู่บ้าน คู่เมืองชาวสยาม! เทวดาผู้ดูแลเรือกสวนไร่นาป่าเขา บูชาตามประเพณี คุ้มครองป้องภัย พลิกร้ายกลายดี". 29 August 2017.

[Smits_1918_pp._14–15-3] Šmits, Pēteris (1918). Latviešu Mitoloģija (PDF) (in Latvian). Latviesu rakstnieku un makslinieku biedriba. pp. 14–15. OCLC 12301101 – via dom.lndb.lv. Other editions: OCLC 12301047, 776694498, 276876979; Reprinted: ISBN 9789955591085

[Paliepa_2011_pp._46,_52-4] Paliepa, Jānis (2011). The origin of the Baltic and Vedic languages: Baltic mythology; Interdisciplinary treatise. Bloomington, IN, US: Author House. pp. 46, 52. ISBN 9781456729028. OCLC 1124421252, 890769223.

[Jānis_1987-5] Jānis, Tupešu (Fall 1987). "The Ancient Latvian Religion — Dievturība". LITUANUS: Lithuanian Quarterly Journal of Arts and Sciences. 33 (3). Chicago, IL, US: LITUANUS Foundation. ISSN 0024-5089. OCLC 561497100.

[EQC-6] Te Papa. "Ruaumoko - God of Earthquakes". Wellington, New Zealand: Earthquake Commission. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 8 May 2012.

[TeAraHistoricEarthquakes-7] McSaveney, Eileen (2 March 2009). "Historic earthquakes - Earthquakes in Māori tradition". Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand: Manatū Taonga | Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 3 May 2012.

[8] Beaulieu, Paul-Alain. "The God Amurru as Emblem of Ethnic and Cultural Identity". In: Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia (W. van Soldt, R. Kalvelagen, and D. Katz, eds.) Papers Read at the 48th Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden, July 1–4, 2002. PIHANS 102. Nederlands: Instituut voor her Nabije Oosten, 2005. pp. 31-46.

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