Wikipedia

Echo Park

(Redirected from Echo Park, Los Angeles, California)
For other uses, see Echo Park (disambiguation).

Echo Park is a neighborhood in the east-central region of Los Angeles, California.[2] Located to the northwest of Downtown, it is bordered by Silver Lake to the west and Chinatown to the east. The culturally diverse neighborhood has become known for its trendy local businesses, as well as its popularity with artists, musicians and creatives.[3] The neighborhood is centered on the eponymous Echo Park Lake.

Echo Park
Neighborhood
Echo Park Lake, with the Downtown Los Angeles skyline in the background
Echo Park Lake, with the Downtown Los Angeles skyline in the background
Echo Park is located in Los Angeles
Echo Park
Echo Park
Location within Central Los Angeles
Echo Park is located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Echo Park
Echo Park
Location within the Los Angeles metropolitan area
Echo Park is located in California
Echo Park
Echo Park
Location within California
Echo Park is located in the United States
Echo Park
Echo Park
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 34°04′45″N 118°15′29″W / 34.0792°N 118.258°W / 34.0792; -118.258
Country United States
State California
CountyLos Angeles
CityLos Angeles
Elevation
[1]
120 m (394 ft)
Time zoneUTC−8 (PST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
ZIP Code
90026
Area code(s)213, 323

History

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The area now known as Echo Park in 1894. Echo Park Lake is at the top left. Glendale Boulevard is marked as Lake Shore Avenue. The Temple–Beaudry district is at the right center.

Edendale

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Main article: Edendale, Los Angeles

Established in 1892, and long before Hollywood became synonymous with the commercial film industry of the United States, the area of Echo Park known as Edendale was the center of filmmaking on the West Coast.[4]

By the 1910s, several film studios were operating on Allesandro Avenue (now Glendale Boulevard) along the Echo Park-Silverlake border, including the Selig Polyscope Company, Mack Sennett's Keystone Studios, the Pathe West Coast Film Studio, and others.[4]

Silent film stars who worked in the Edendale studios included Fatty Arbuckle, Harold Lloyd, Mabel Normand and Gloria Swanson. Charlie Chaplin's first film was made at Keystone Studios, as well as the very first feature-length comedy, which starred Chaplin and Normand.[4]

The first pie-in-the-face scene was filmed at what later became the Mack Sennett Studios on Glendale Boulevard near Effie Street. The complex, which is now part of a storage facility, dates from 1909 and includes one of the area's first permanent sound stages, the factories where movies are made. The former studio, 1712 Glendale Boulevard, is City of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument No. 256.[4]

Echo Park Lake

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Main article: Echo Park Lake

Echo Park Lake was established in 1868, as a drinking water reservoir, filled with water from a ditch that connects to the Los Angeles River in Los Feliz to the reservoir.[4] In 1891, the four owners of the surrounding area gave up 33 acres (13 ha) of land around the reservoir to the city so that it could be used as a park. The city began work landscaping the park in October 1892.[4] City parks superintendent Joseph Henry Tomlinson chose the name because of echoes he heard during the construction of Echo Park Lake in 1892.[5] By 1895, the park and accompanying boathouse were completed.[4] By the late 1910s, motion picture companies on Allesandro Street, now Glendale Boulevard, had been using the park as a filming location.[4]

Echo Park Lake was identified as an impaired body of water in 2006, and the city allocated $64.7 million to fund its cleanup and revitalization.[6][7] In the summer of 2011, the lake was closed off and drained when the rehabilitation project began. The lake reopened on June 5, 2013, after a $45 million renovation.[8]

Starting in November 2019, a growing population of homeless people began moving into the lake grounds.[9] The encampment included nearly 200 homeless tents, and four homeless individuals died at the park in 2020.[10][11] On March 25, 2021, the park was closed for renovations and cleared of the homeless encampments. While closure notices were posted throughout the park days before the sweep, over 200 protesters clashed with LAPD, who arrested 179 protesters.[12] The encampment and ensuing incident became a major flashpoint in LA's homelessness crisis.[13]

Of the 183 homeless individuals living at Echo Park Lake, only 17 had successfully transitioned into permanent housing as of March 2022.[14] In February 2023, councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez announced plans to remove the fence that encircles the lake.[15] The plans became divisive within the community, many of whom have advocated for the fence to remain, amid the ongoing homelessness crisis.[16][17]

The fence surrounding the lake was removed May 30, 2023 by the city. [18]

Transportation

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Glendale Freeway termination

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Main article: California State Route 2

The Glendale Freeway (SR 2) was originally planned and constructed in 1959 to connect with the Hollywood Freeway (US-101) through the neighborhoods of Silver Lake and Echo Park, but terminates roughly 1.5 miles (2.4 km) northeast of its intended terminus at the Hollywood Freeway due to opposition from residents living and developers building on a hill that is now a private gated[19] community called Hathaway Estates.[20]

In 1962, as a result of this local community opposition, the full build-out plan was rescinded and construction was terminated at the present SR-2 terminus near Glendale Bl and Duane Street. Since then, commuter traffic exiting and entering on to SR-2 has passed through the community, primarily along Glendale Bl and Alvarado Street, which has contributed to congestion.[21] Since that plan has been scrapped, the freeway is somewhat isolated from the remainder of the Los Angeles freeway system.[22] There have been proposals to turn the freeway stub into a sort of public park.[23]

Pacific Electric Railway

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Main article: Echo Park Avenue Line

The Pacific Electric Railway, better known as the Red Cars, used to run through Echo Park along the center of Glendale Boulevard. The citywide system of electric trolleys began with the dawn of the 20th century, ultimately spinning a web of rail that linked cities in Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino and Riverside counties. It was the largest and most advanced public transit system in the world at the time.

The Red Car system was sold to Metropolitan Coach Lines, whose executive, Jesse Haugh, had connections to a public transportation company funded by General Motors and other auto-related industries. The Red Cars faded out of service not long afterwards,[24] with the Los Angeles-Glendale-Burbank Line that traveled through Echo Park officially ending service on June 19, 1955.[25]

Gangs

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Echo Park was once infamous as a hot spot for gang activity. This was true in the 1980s and 1990s, but in the early 2010s as the neighborhood began gentrifying, rents started to skyrocket, and a controversial gang injunction forced gang members to move outside their turf, instances of gang violence waned.[26]

In 2013, a Los Angeles judge signed off on a permanent gang injunction aimed at six rival gangs in the Echo Park area, creating what authorities call a "safety zone" for the area. The injunction _targets the members of six gangs, namely Echo Park Locos, the Crazys, the Big Top Locos, the Diamond Street Locos, Frogtown Rifa, and Head Hunters.[27] The perimeter for the safety zone is roughly bound by the Los Angeles River to the north, the 110 Freeway to the east, Beverly Boulevard to south and Glendale Boulevard to the west. It includes Echo Park Lake and Dodger Stadium.[28]

The injunction, a civil order, prohibits two or more listed gang members from associating in any way in public or in common areas like courtyards. It also allows for stricter penalties if any listed gang member is caught with drugs, alcohol, guns or vandalizing property.[28]

Geography

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Echo Park has many rolling hills and valleys with a few flat areas like Echo Park Lake. Its main commercial corridors are Sunset and Glendale boulevards.

 
1921

Location

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According to the Los Angeles Times "Mapping L.A." project, Echo Park is in Central Los Angeles, between Hollywood and Downtown Los Angeles. It is situated near the 101, the 2, and the 5 freeways. Echo Park is flanked by Elysian Valley to the north and northeast, Elysian Park to the east, Chinatown and Downtown to the southeast, Westlake to the southwest and west, and Silver Lake to the northwest.[29][30]

Boundaries are the Golden State Freeway–Glendale Freeway interchange at the north apex, Riverside Drive on the northeast, Elysian Park neighborhood on the east, Stadium Way and Beaudry Avenue on the southeast, the south apex being Beaudry Avenue and West Second Street and the west limit being an irregular line consisting of Second Street and Beverly Boulevard, then moving upward north along Benton Way and the Glendale Freeway.[29][31][32]

Climate

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Being in the central part of Los Angeles, Echo Park experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa). Temperatures here are almost identical to that of Downtown Los Angeles.

Climate data for Echo Park, Los Angeles
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 95
(35) 		95
(35) 		99
(37) 		106
(41) 		103
(39) 		112
(44) 		109
(43) 		106
(41) 		113
(45) 		108
(42) 		100
(38) 		92
(33) 		113
(45)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 83.3
(28.5) 		84.3
(29.1) 		85.8
(29.9) 		91.2
(32.9) 		89.7
(32.1) 		90.2
(32.3) 		94.1
(34.5) 		95.3
(35.2) 		98.9
(37.2) 		95.5
(35.3) 		88.0
(31.1) 		81.4
(27.4) 		102.7
(39.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 68.2
(20.1) 		68.6
(20.3) 		70.2
(21.2) 		72.7
(22.6) 		74.5
(23.6) 		78.1
(25.6) 		83.1
(28.4) 		84.4
(29.1) 		83.1
(28.4) 		78.5
(25.8) 		72.8
(22.7) 		67.7
(19.8) 		75.2
(24.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 58.0
(14.4) 		58.9
(14.9) 		60.6
(15.9) 		63.1
(17.3) 		65.8
(18.8) 		69.2
(20.7) 		73.3
(22.9) 		74.3
(23.5) 		73.1
(22.8) 		68.6
(20.3) 		62.4
(16.9) 		57.5
(14.2) 		65.4
(18.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 47.8
(8.8) 		49.3
(9.6) 		51.0
(10.6) 		53.5
(11.9) 		57.1
(13.9) 		60.3
(15.7) 		63.6
(17.6) 		64.1
(17.8) 		63.1
(17.3) 		58.7
(14.8) 		52.0
(11.1) 		47.2
(8.4) 		55.6
(13.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 41.3
(5.2) 		42.9
(6.1) 		44.9
(7.2) 		48.4
(9.1) 		53.6
(12.0) 		57.2
(14.0) 		61.2
(16.2) 		61.8
(16.6) 		59.2
(15.1) 		54.1
(12.3) 		45.0
(7.2) 		40.8
(4.9) 		39.1
(3.9)
Record low °F (°C) 28
(−2) 		28
(−2) 		31
(−1) 		36
(2) 		40
(4) 		46
(8) 		49
(9) 		49
(9) 		44
(7) 		40
(4) 		34
(1) 		30
(−1) 		28
(−2)
Average rainfall inches (mm) 3.12
(79) 		3.92
(100) 		2.43
(62) 		0.91
(23) 		0.26
(6.6) 		0.09
(2.3) 		0.01
(0.25) 		0.04
(1.0) 		0.24
(6.1) 		0.66
(17) 		1.04
(26) 		2.33
(59) 		15.05
(382.25)
Source: The Weather Channel[33]

Districts

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Within Echo Park are the following:

Angelino Heights

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Main article: Angelino Heights, Los Angeles

Angelino Heights is most notable for its Victorian era residences, although these are few in number. It lies at an elevation of 502 feet (153 m).

Elysian Heights

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Main article: Elysian Heights, Los Angeles

Since the 1910s, Elysian Heights, along with Edendale, has been home to many of the counter-culture, political radicals, artists, writers, architects and filmmakers. The children of many progressives attended school there during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s.

Population

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2000

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The 2000 U.S. census counted 40,455 residents in the 2.4-square-mile (6.2 km2) neighborhood—an average of 16,868 people per square mile, one of the highest densities in Los Angeles and among the highest densities for the county. In 2008 the city estimated that the population had increased to 43,832. The median age for residents was 30, about the same as the city norm.[31]

Echo Park was considered moderately diverse ethnically. The breakdown was Latinos, 64%; Asians, 18.8%; whites, 12.9%; blacks, 2%, and others, 2.3%. Mexico (41.3%) and El Salvador (15.2%) were the most common places of birth for the 53% of the residents who were born abroad, a figure that was considered high compared to the city as a whole.[31]

2008

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The median household income in 2008 dollars was $37,708, a low figure for Los Angeles, and a high percentage of households earned $20,000 or less. The average household size of three people was about the same as the rest of the city. Renters occupied 76% of the housing units, and house- or apartment owners the rest.[31]

The percentages of never-married men and women, 46.8% and 38.3%, respectively, were among the county's highest. The 2000 census found 5,325 families headed by single parents, a high rate for both the city and the county. There were 1,034 military veterans in 2000, or 3.5%, a low figure for Los Angeles.[31]

2010

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Census data below for is cited from only US Census District 1974.20. It does not include a large portion of Echo Park.

The 2010 US Census estimates that the neighborhood demographics for tract 1974.20 are as follows: Latinos still form the majority of the community, though the percentage fell from 69.8% in 2000 to 59.5% in 2010; Whites grew from 13.2% in 2000 to 23.2% in 2010; Asian population remained almost unchanged at 13.3% in 2010 compared to 13.2% in 2000; Other grew from 3.4% in 2000 to 4% in 2010. The number of people in the district shrank by almost 15% to around 3,500 people. This represents less than 10% of the number of residents considered to live in Echo Park. The demographic shift from Latino to White is generally acknowledged as the overall trend in the area.

Homeless population

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In 2022, there were 423 homeless individuals in Echo Park.[34]

Parks and recreation

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Parks

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Elysian Park

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Elysian Park is one of the largest parks in Los Angeles at 600 acres (240 ha). It is also the city's oldest park, founded in 1886 by the Elysian Park Enabling Ordinance. Most of Elysian Park falls in the Eastern neighborhood of the same name, but a small portion of the park does fall in Echo Park.

  • Angels Point, a small hill in Elysian Park overlooking Dodger Stadium and the Downtown Los Angeles Skyline. Atop the hill is a large metal sculpture art installation by local artist Peter Shire of the 1980s postmodern Memphis Group.
  • Chavez Ravine Arboretum, opened in 1893 and contains more than 100 varieties of trees from around the world, including what are believed to be the oldest and largest Cape Chestnut, Kauri, and Tipu trees in the United States.
  • Grace E. Simons Lodge, an event space with waterfalls and reception rooms.
  • Marion Harlow Memorial Grove is a small tree and plant grove along the Elysian Park hiking trail.
 
Echo Park, with the Downtown Los Angeles skyline in the background

Echo Park Lake

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Main article: Echo Park Lake

Echo Park Lake provides recreational features and wildlife habitat, including wetlands. Echo Park Lake hosts community events, such as the annual Lotus Festival every July.[35]

  • Echo Park boathouse restaurant and more than a dozen swan shaped paddle boats
  • Picnic tables, BBQ pits, public restrooms, water fountains, and grassy picnic areas
  • 1-mile long looping promenade paved walking trail around the lake

Vista Hermosa Natural Park

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Main article: Vista Hermosa Natural Park

Vista Hermosa Natural Park is a 10.5 acres (4 ha) urban natural park that features walking trails, streams, meadows, oak savannahs, picnic grounds, sweeping views of Downtown Los Angeles skyline, and a nature-themed playground amid native Mediterranean vegetation.[36] It is built on former residential land in the Temple–Beaudry district, houses that were torn down as part of slum clearance efforts, and that originally was destined for use as the site of a high school.[citation needed]

Sports Facilities

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  • Chavez Ridge Disc Golf Course (in Elysian Park)
  • Echo Park Deep Pool (indoor pool)
  • Echo Park Recreation Complex
    • Facility Features:[37] Baseball Diamond (Lighted), Basketball Courts (Lighted / Indoor), Basketball Courts (Lighted / Outdoor), Children's Play Area, Community Rooms, 6 Tennis Courts (Lighted), Stage, Picnic Tables, Indoor Gym (without Weights), Skate park (opening in 2020) [38]
  • Echo Park Youth Center
  • Elysian Fields (2 baseball diamonds in Elysian Park)
  • Elysian Park Adaptive Recreation Center (in Elysian Park)
    • Facility Features:[39] Basketball Courts (Unlighted / Outdoor), Children's Play Area, Indoor Gym (with Weights), Amphitheatre, Indoor Gym (without Weights), Classroom(s), Stage
  • Vista Hermosa Synthetic Soccer Field (lighted)

Government and infrastructure

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Rampart Police Station

Local government

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Echo Park resides in both Los Angeles City Council District 13 under Councilmember Hugo Soto-Martinez and Los Angeles City Council District 1 under Councilmember Eunisses Hernandez.

The Los Angeles Fire Department Station 20 is in the area.[40]

The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) operates the Rampart Community Police Station at 1401 West 6th St., 90017, located near Echo Park in the Westlake district of east-central Los Angeles. LAPD also operates an LAPD Police Academy training facility Including a weapons firing range in Elysian Park adjacent to Dodger Stadium.

County, state, and federal representation

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Echo Park sits in the following governmental districts:

  • 1st County District of Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, under Supervisor Hilda Solis
  • 24th State Senate District, under California State Senator Maria Elena Durazo
  • 51st State District of the California State Assembly, under California State Assemblymember Rick Zbur
  • 28th Federal Congressional District, under Representative Adam Schiff

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Central Health Center in Downtown Los Angeles, serving Echo Park.[41]

The United States Postal Service Edendale Post Office is located at 1525 North Alvarado Street.[42]

Maria Elena Durazo (born March 20, 1953) is an American politician serving in the California State Senate. A Democrat, she represents the 24th State Senate district, which encompasses Central Los Angeles and East Los Angeles, including Echo Park. Her District Office resides at 1808 Sunset Blvd. in Downtown Echo Park.[43]

Education

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Eighteen percent of residents 25 and older have a four-year degree, about average for the city and the county, but there is a high percentage of residents with less than a high school diploma.[31]

In 2007, LAUSD used eminent domain to remove 50 homes in order to build a new school.[44]

Within Echo Park are the following schools:[45]

Elementary schools

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  • Baxter Montessori, 2101 North Echo Park Avenue (private)
  • Elysian Heights Elementary, 1562 Baxter Street (LAUSD). This school was home to "Room 8" the cat
  • Clifford Street Elementary, 2150 Duane Street (LAUSD)
  • Mayberry Street Elementary, 2414 Mayberry Street (LAUSD)
  • Golden West Christian, 1310 Liberty Street (private)
  • Gabriella Charter, 1435 Logan Street (LAUSD)
  • Logan Street Span School, 1711 West Montana Street (LAUSD)Serving K to 8th grade
  • Rosemont Elementary, 421 N. Rosemont (LAUSD)
  • Betty Plasencia Elementary School, 1321 Cortez Street (LAUSD)

Other schools

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  • DC Academy, 626 Coronado Terrace (private)

Public libraries

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The Los Angeles Public Library operates two branches in Echo Park: Echo Park Branch and Edendale Branch.

Entertainment and night life

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The trendy Echo Park area, known as one of "the city's hippest neighborhoods", has many bars, night clubs, and restaurants.[46] The sprawling historic Taix French restaurant (originally known as Les Freres Taix) has been a landmark in the community since moving to 1911 Sunset Boulevard from downtown Los Angeles in 1964.[47] The 321 Lounge cocktail bar inside the restaurant has hosted live music and comedy for many years[48] and is a longtime destination for Los Angeles Dodgers fans to congregate before or after a baseball game.[49] In the third annual New York Times Restaurant List, of the five California restaurants featured, two are based in Echo Park: the Korean-inspired Perilla LA and the pizzeria Quarter Sheets.[50]

Notable people

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Film

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Television

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  • The Bench Episode 004 with Huell Howser, filmed in 1996[123]
  • The main character Jimmy played by Stephen Falk in the 2014 FX show You're The Worst lives in Silver Lake, and much of Echo Park is featured in the show as the main characters visit nearby businesses.[124]
  • The 2016 Netflix series Love is primarily set in Echo Park.[125]
  • The 2017 reboot of the sitcom One Day at a Time is set in Echo Park.[126]
  • The television series Chuck is mainly set in Echo Park.

Literature

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  • Echo Park is a 2006 crime fiction novel set mostly in Echo Park. It's the 17th novel by American crime-writer Michael Connelly and the twelfth featuring the Los Angeles detective Hieronymus "Harry" Bosch.
  • The award-winning book "The Madonnas of Echo Park: A Novel" by Brando Skyhorse follows a Hispanic family rattled by a tragic event in their home of Echo Park. The story focuses on the marginalized men and women who cook the meals, clean the homes, and struggle to lose their ethnic identity in the pursuit of the American dream.[127] In 2012, HBO was in talks to produce a drama series based on the book.[128]
  • The Echo Park Coven Novels book series written by Buffy the Vampire Slayer actress Amber Benson, which includes #1 The Witches of Echo Park (2015), #2 The Last Dream Keeper (2016), and #3 The End of Magic (2017) is a trilogy of fantasy novels about a coven of young witches that live in Echo Park.[129]
  • Part of the book Tomorrow, and Tomorrow, and Tomorrow written by Gabrielle Zevin takes place in Echo Park. One of the lead characters, Sam Masur, grows up there with his mother. [130]

Music

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  • Keith Barbour released an album, Echo Park, in 1969, which hit No. 163 on the Billboard 200,[131] and the title track, written by Buzz Clifford, hit No. 40 on the Pop Singles chart.[132]
  • The 1976 song Carmelita by Warren Zevon references Echo Park by name and he sings of meeting his heroin dealer who "hangs out down on Alvarado Street by the Pioneer Chicken stand."[133]
  • The 1980 song "I Die: You Die" by Gary Numan references it: "In Echo Park, I / Pause for effect and whisper 'Who are you?'"[134]
  • The 1980s song "Echo Park" by Brian Setzer is a studio outtake released in 1999 and references the local lake, "I used to swim in Echo Park Lake all night."[135]
  • British rock band Feeder named their 2001 album after the area. It became their breakthrough album going platinum in the United Kingdom.
  • The 2004 song "Echo Park" by Ryan Cabrera is about Echo Park with lyrics such as, "Today it rained in L.A....I'm leaving my heart here in Echo Park."[136]
  • The 2009 music video for the song "End Love" by the rock band OK Go was filmed in Echo Park Lake and made one of the local geese a celebrity.
  • The 2011 song "Echo Park" by Ximena Sariñana is about a man she likes from Echo Park who is a hipster and 'superficially cool.' with lyrics, "I thought he was ready to mend my broken heart...till someone reminds me that he lived in Echo Park" and in an interview Sariñana says, the reason for including Echo Park in the name and lyrics is a way to display 'a superficial motive for falling in love with someone.'[137]
  • The 2017 song "Scott Street" by Phoebe Bridgers is about Scott Avenue. It's a quaint residential stretch that the song's subject, Marshall, travelled to make a daily pilgrimage to buy cigarettes.[138]
  • The 2017 song "Up in Hudson" by Dirty Projectors about long-distance lovers mentions Echo Park in the lyrics, "And you're out in Echo Park, blasting 2Pac, drinking a fifth..."[139]
  • The 2018 song "King of Echo Park", from TV Girl's album Death of a Party Girl, is about Echo Park including the lyrics, "As the sun sets on Sunset" (Blvd), and "Now she's playing pool at the Little Joy." (a local bar)[140]
  • The 2018 song "Jaws" by Bladee mentions the location twice in the lyrics, "Night call, Echo Park"[141]
  • The 2019 song "Echo Park" by Bedouine is about Echo Park with lyrics including, "Where everybody's avant-garde," "Long as my rent don't climb, I'm living in Echo Park," (Echo Park's demographic began heavily shifting in 2000[142] and rents reached an all-time high by 2017)[143] and "Oh, I long to be at the fountain and the lake."[144]
  • The 2022 song "Echo Park" by Tim Baker.
  • The music video for the song "Step by Step" by Eddie Chacon was filmed in Echo Park.[145]

See also

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Notes and references

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  1. ^ "Worldwide Elevation Finder". elevation.maplogs.com.
  2. ^ Los Angeles County—LA City (East Central/Silver Lake, Echo Park & Westlake) PUMA
  3. ^ "Echo Park LA Neighborhood Guide". Compass. Retrieved 2021-11-20.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Echo Park History". Archived from the original on 2023-06-06. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  5. ^ Nichols, Chris (2011-03-11). "Where did the name Echo Park come from? Should we hear echoes?". Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  6. ^ Allen, Mary A. (2010-11-23). "Echo Park Lake clean-up project takes next big step". The Eastsider LA. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  7. ^ "Echo Park Lake". LA Sanitation & Environment (LASAN). Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  8. ^ Gordon, Larry (2013-06-15). "Echo Park Lake reopens after two-year makeover". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  9. ^ Stuart, Gwynedd (2020-12-23). "Life (and a Death) in Echo Park's Fast-Growing Tent City". Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
  10. ^ McGahan, Jason (2023-03-19). "Panic in Echo Park: Councilman's Plan to Tear Down Fence Has Some Residents Seeing Red". Los Angeles Magazine.
  11. ^ Oreskes, Benjamin; Reyes, Emily Alpert (2021-05-19). "Echo Park Lake to reopen May 26, two months after forced removal of homeless campers". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  12. ^ Vives, Ruben (2022-03-23). "A year after Echo Park Lake encampment removal, few are in permanent housing, report finds". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  13. ^ "How a commune-like encampment in Echo Park became a flashpoint in L.A.'s homelessness crisis". Los Angeles Times. March 13, 2021.
  14. ^ Levin, Sam (2022-03-23). "One year after LA evicted the unhoused from a park, few are in stable housing". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-03-24.
  15. ^ Haskell, Josh (2023-02-04). "Fence surrounding Echo Park Lake to be removed, LA council member says". ABC7 Los Angeles. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  16. ^ "Debate over Echo Park Lake fence removal divides community". KCRW. 2023-03-23. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  17. ^ Zahniser, David; Campa, Andrew J. (2023-03-23). "The fence around Echo Park Lake is coming down. The debate over it rages on". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-03-23.
  18. ^ "Echo Park Lake fence removal receives community support, opposition - CBS Los Angeles". CBS News. 28 March 2023.
  19. ^ "Hathaway Estates: Should Public Streets Be Closed to the Public?". November 13, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  20. ^ "Why Isn't There a Freeway to Beverly Hills?". March 31, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  21. ^ "State Route 2". February 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  22. ^ "Los Angeles-Orange County Maps 1963". Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  23. ^ "Column: Transforming the end of the 2 Freeway could be the beginning of a new L.A." Los Angeles Times. December 31, 2015.
  24. ^ "When the Red Cars Rumbled Through Atwater Village, Echo Park and Silver Lake". EastsiderLA. 2019-06-04. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  25. ^ "600 PERY Subway Terminal Gates 19550612 AKW". 2016-01-21. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
  26. ^ "With gentrification, Echo Park gang members move outside their turf". Los Angeles Times. 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  27. ^ "The Gangs of Echo Park". 2013-07-24. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
  28. ^ a b "Judge grants gang injunction for 6 gangs in Echo Park". 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
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