The concept of ego reduction is predicated on the use of Sigmund Freud's concept of the ego to describe the conscious adult self; and broadly describes the deflating of an over-inflated or egotistical sense of oneself[1] - a curtailment of what Iris Murdoch called “the anxious avaricious tentacles of the self”.[2]
Among other contexts, ego reduction has been seen as a goal in Alcoholics Anonymous; as a part of BDSM play,[3] providing a means of entering "subspace"; and as a way of attaining religious humility and freedom from desire in Buddhism.[4]
Alcoholics Anonymous
editHarry Tiebout saw the surrender of the alcoholic in AA as dependent upon ego reduction, in the twin sense of a relinquishment of personal narcissism, and the development of a new trust in other people.[5]
Tiebout stressed that this was a process that should be applied only to the (over-extended) infantile ego sense — the surviving remnants of an original megalomania that had not been worn away by the normal processes of life.[6]
Therapy
editWhile most therapy favours a process of strengthening the ego functions, at the expense of the irrational parts of the mind,[7] a reduction in self-importance and self-involvement — ego reduction — is also generally valorised: Robin Skynner for example describing the 'shrink' as a head-shrinker, and adding that “as our swollen heads get smaller... as people we grow”.[8]
Rational emotive behaviour therapy also favours such ego reduction as a part of extending self-control and confirming personal boundaries.[9]
Buddhism
editEgo reduction is traditionally seen as the goal of the Buddha's teaching.[10]
However, the goal of egolessness (as Buddhist therapists warn) is not to be confused with a mere loss or paralysis of ego functions: it is rather their incorporation and transcendence.[11]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Edmund Bergler, in J. Halliday/P. Fuller eds., The Psychology of Gambling (1974) p. 176-7
- ^ Quoted in D. N. McCloskey, The Bourgeois Virtues (2006) p. 190
- ^ B. A. Firestein, Becoming Visible (2007) p. 365
- ^ Peter Kreeft, Back to Virtue (1992) p. 40
- ^ K. G. Davis, Primero Dios (1994) p. 60
- ^ Harry Tiebout Harry Tiebout: Collected Writings (1999) p. 78
- ^ Harold Stewart, Psychic Experience and Problems of Technique (1992) p. 127-8
- ^ Robin Skynner/John Cleese, Families and how to survive them (1994) p. 63
- ^ K. E. FitzMaurice, Garbage Rules (2012) p. 7-8
- ^ S. Sharma, Legacy of the Buddha (2001) p. 40
- ^ Mark Epstein, Psychotherapy without the Self (2007) p. 79