Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural (Ullsyn Ikh Khural, State Great Assembly) has 76 members, originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round.[1][2]
Dominant parties are the Mongolian People's Party (MPP), the Democratic Party (DP or AH), the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and the Civil Will-Green Party (CWGP). In the 2012 legislative elections, the MPRP and Mongolian National Democratic Party ran together as the Justice Coalition, winning 11 seats.
Latest elections
edit2021 presidential election
editPolls opened at 07:00 in 2,087 polling stations across the country for the 2.1 million registered voters, with special measures in place due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mongolia. Voting ended at 22:00. Khürelsükh and Erdene voted in Ulaanbaatar while Enkhbat tested positive for COVID-19 and voted in hospital.[3]
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh | Mongolian People's Party | 823,326 | 72.02 | |
| Dangaasürengiin Enkhbat | Right Person Electorate Coalition | 246,968 | 21.60 | |
| Sodnomzunduin Erdene | Democratic Party | 72,832 | 6.37 | |
| Total | 1,143,126 | 100.00 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,143,126 | 94.08 | ||
| Invalid/blank votes | 71,937 | 5.92 | ||
| Total votes | 1,215,063 | 100.00 | ||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,049,379 | 59.29 | ||
| Source: GEC, IFES | ||||
2024 legislative election
editPreliminary results showed the ruling Mongolia People's Party had won a narrow and reduced majority[4] in the Khural, which allowed Prime Minister Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene to publicly claim victory. The Democratic Party also gained 42 seats, an increase from the 2020 election.[5] The full official results were presented by the GEC on 1 July 2024.[6]
 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Constituency | Proportional | Total seats | +/– | |||||
| Votes | % | Seats | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
| Mongolian People's Party | 3,619,950 | 38.65 | 50 | 509,482 | 35.01 | 18 | 68 | +6 | |
| Democratic Party | 3,135,988 | 33.48 | 26 | 438,506 | 30.13 | 16 | 42 | +31 | |
| HUN Party | 636,648 | 6.80 | 2 | 151,111 | 10.38 | 6 | 8 | +7 | |
| National Coalition | 291,166 | 3.11 | 0 | 75,196 | 5.17 | 4 | 4 | New | |
| Civil Will–Green Party | 269,582 | 2.88 | 0 | 73,006 | 5.02 | 4 | 4 | +4 | |
| New United Coalition | 255,871 | 2.73 | 0 | 69,682 | 4.79 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Truth and Right Party | 208,717 | 2.23 | 0 | 40,783 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Civil Movement Party | 153,624 | 1.64 | 0 | 20,443 | 1.40 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Republican Party | 116,561 | 1.24 | 0 | 19,635 | 1.35 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| The Civic Unity Party | 86,083 | 0.92 | 0 | 13,733 | 0.94 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| People's Power Party | 106,688 | 1.14 | 0 | 10,614 | 0.73 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Good Democratic Citizens United Party | 42,961 | 0.46 | 0 | 6,104 | 0.42 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Motherland Party | 52,803 | 0.56 | 0 | 5,621 | 0.39 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Liberte Party | 45,730 | 0.49 | 0 | 4,738 | 0.33 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| People's Majority Governance Party | 30,760 | 0.33 | 0 | 3,619 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| For the Mongolian People Party | 35,183 | 0.38 | 0 | 3,461 | 0.24 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongolian Liberal Democratic Party | 232 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,820 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| United Patriots Party | 213 | 0.00 | 0 | 2,168 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongolian Social Democratic Party | 7,789 | 0.08 | 0 | 1,531 | 0.11 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Mongol Conservative Party | 21,177 | 0.23 | 0 | 1,485 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Freedom Implementing Party | 26,256 | 0.28 | 0 | 1,450 | 0.10 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Independents | 222,957 | 2.38 | 0 | 0 | –1 | ||||
| Total | 9,366,939 | 100.00 | 78 | 1,455,188 | 100.00 | 48 | 126 | +50 | |
| Valid votes | 1,455,188 | 99.68 | |||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 4,642 | 0.32 | |||||||
| Total votes | 1,459,830 | 100.00 | |||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 2,089,935 | – | 2,089,935 | 69.85 | |||||
| Source: Ikon, Ikon, Parliament | |||||||||
Incumbents who lost re-election
edit- ^ Zandanshatar lost his seat in 2012 but was re-elected through a election in 2016
See also
edit- Electoral calendar
- Electoral system
- Political parties in Mongolia
- 2016 Mongolian legislative election
- 2012 Mongolian legislative election
- 2008 Mongolian legislative election
- 2004 Mongolian legislative election
- 2000 Mongolian legislative election
- 1996 Mongolian legislative election
- 1992 Mongolian legislative election
References
edit- ^ "The names of the 72 candidates received seats in the Parliament of Mongolia". InfoMongolia.com. July 6, 2012. Archived from the original on 2012-07-08.
- ^ LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA
PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA (PDF). 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2014. - ^ "Mongolian presidential candidates cast votes in presidential election". Xinhua News Agency. 9 June 2021.
- ^ Adiya, Amar (2024-06-28). "Mongolia Election 2024: MPP Wins Third Term, But Majority Reduced". Mongolia Weekly. Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ^ "Mongolia's governing party wins only a slim majority in parliamentary election, early results show". Associated Press. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-30. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ "МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН СОНГУУЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ХОРОО". МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН СОНГУУЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ХОРОО (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2024-07-05.
- ^ "2020 Election: Ruling Mongolian People's Party wins 62 of 76 parliament seats". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 2024-07-03.
- ^ ""Өвдөг шороодсон" гишүүн, сайд нар". ikon. 2024-06-29. Archived from the original on 2024-06-29. Retrieved 2024-07-02.