Wikipedia

Electroliner

For the type of trolleybus, see Neoplan.

The Electroliners are a pair of streamlined interurban trainsets built by the St. Louis Car Company in 1941. Initially numbered 801–802 and 803–804, they were operated by the Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad from 1941 to 1963, followed by the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company (later SEPTA) from 1964 to 1978. Since their retirement, both trainsets have been preserved in railway museums.

Electroliner
Passengers boarding the restored Electroliner at the Illinois Railway Museum.
In service1941–1978
ManufacturerSt. Louis Car Company
Constructed1941
Entered service1941
Refurbished1963
Number built2
Number preserved2
FormationA-B-C-A1
Fleet numbers801–802, 803–804
OperatorsChicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad, Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company, SEPTA
Lines servedSkokie Valley Route, Milwaukee Division, Norristown High Speed Line
Specifications
Train length155 feet 4 inches (47.35 m)[1]
Height12 feet 7 inches (3.84 m)[1]
Doors4 passenger, 2 cab
Articulated sections4
Maximum speed110 mph (180 km/h)
Weight214,000 pounds (97,000 kg)[1]
Traction motors8x GE 1443B
Electric system(s)600 V DC third rail or overhead line
Current collector(s)Overhead line: Trolley pole
Third rail: Contact shoe
BogiesJacobs bogies
Braking system(s)Westinghouse
Multiple workingNo
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

Operation

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Each set consists of two end coaches and two center coaches. The coaches are articulated using Jacobs bogies. Each end coach is divided at the side doors into a Luxury Coach, which seats 30, and a Smoking Coach, which seats 10 and also has a restroom. Each door has steps and a trap door to permit boarding from street level, low-level and high-level platforms. One center coach seats 40, and the other is a Tavern Lounge that seats 26. All cars are air-conditioned, a first among new traction (interurban and trolley) equipment of the time.

The sets were designed to operate with the high platforms, sharp curves, and narrow clearances of the Chicago Loop and the Chicago 'L', to run at speeds of 80 miles per hour (130 km/h) or more on the North Shore's main line, and to use city streets to the downtown Milwaukee Terminal. The sets' styling resembled that of the Pioneer Zephyr and influenced the styling of other electric trainsets, notably the Odakyū 3000 series SE Romance Cars.[citation needed] The articulated truck/bogie design allowed very smooth running with none of the horizontal movement characteristic of non-articulated equipment. Although they were streamlined, the sets were not permitted to run faster than conventional North Shore equipment. From the front passenger seat adjacent to the motorman's half cab, if the door was propped open, a passenger could see the speedometer pegged at 90 mph on the long stretch between Dempster Street and North Chicago Junction. When the sets were received in 1941, during one test run the traction motors were allowed full field shunt to determine absolute maximum speed. It reached just over 110 mph (180 km/h)[2] , but at that speed the train reached highway crossings before the crossing gates fully closed, a dangerous situation. Thereafter, the sets were limited to 90 mph (140 km/h).[3][2]

History

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The North Shore was struggling financially in 1940 and was on the edge of bankruptcy. The effects of the Great Depression were still being felt, plus it had almost side-by-side competition from the Chicago and North Western Railroad and the nearby Milwaukee Road. All of its operating equipment had been constructed in the 1920s and exhibited wear. But it offered convenient stops around the Loop on the Chicago 'L', to which it ran from the Chicago-Evanston city boundary. The North Shore's unionized work force was concerned about job losses if the line closed, so when company management approached them with a proposal to purchase new streamliners to invigorate passenger service, employees agreed to a reduction in pay. The sets were designed by the St Louis Car Company and North Shore's engineering staff. When they arrived in 1941, they were well received by the public. The nation's economy was beginning to improve; earnings increased, older equipment was refurbished for appearance and comfort, and the North Shore changed from a typical mid-western interurban to a high-speed regional commuter railroad, running at high speed between two major cities. In the 1960s, competition from freeways eroded ridership, income dropped, maintenance and operating costs climbed, and the line was abandoned in January 1963.

Liberty Liners

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A Liberty liner in the 1970s

After the North Shore ceased operations, the sets were sold to the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company, known as the Red Arrow Lines, and renamed Liberty Liners. The trolley poles and steps were removed, new doors were added in the center coach sections, and updated third-rail contact shoes were installed to operate on the Norristown High Speed Line, which uses third rail and high-level platforms between Upper Darby and Norristown. The tavern-lounges continued in service, providing coffee and pastry in the morning, and beverages and snacks in the evening. 801-802 was named "Valley Forge", while 803-804 became "Independence Hall". They were retired in 1978.

Preservation

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801-802 is currently being restored to its early 1960s operating condition at the Illinois Railway Museum (IRM) in Union, Illinois and is operational as of 2023. Current efforts are now focused on restoring the interior. [4][5] Updates on the restoration can be found on the liners Facebook page "Campaign For The Electroliner"

803-804 is preserved at the Rockhill Trolley Museum in Orbisonia, Pennsylvania. It is operational, but has not been subject to major restoration efforts.

Models

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Model railroad company Con-Cor initially planned on releasing an HO scale Electroliner train set in 2003/2004, but cancelled the project due to lack of interest,[6] and produced a Pioneer Zephyr set instead. In 2007, the company announced that the project was being resumed; its model was released in mid-2009.[7] The trainset has been produced in brass in HO Scale by several companies. MTH Electric Trains announced the release of an O scale Electroliner in 2007; both Electroliner and Liberty Liner versions were released in 2010.[8][9]

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  •  
    Side of 801-802, at the Illinois Railroad Museum.
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    Front of 801-802, at the Illinois Railroad Museum.
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    Diagram of an Electroliner.
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    PSTC Libertyliner Independence Hall crossing the Schuylkill River at Norristown, PA August 28, 1964
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    Electroliner on Milwaukee's Streets, October 1962

References

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  1. ^ a b c Interurban to Milwaukee. Chicago, Illinois: Central Electric Railfans' Association. 1962. p. 79.
  2. ^ a b "Trains - November 1982" (PDF). www.mth-railking.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-28.
  3. ^ John D. Horachek (November 1982), "The Electroliner Legend -2 "We have never done better than this"" (PDF), Trains Magazine: 48–58, archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-09-28, retrieved 2009-06-22
  4. ^ Illinois Railway Museum (2005-11-25). "History of the IRM - Restoration". Archived from the original on 1998-04-29. Retrieved 2007-05-27.
  5. ^ Illinois Railway Museum (2005-11-25). "History of the IRM - History". Archived from the original on 1998-04-29. Retrieved 2007-05-27.
  6. ^ "All-Railroad's 'HO' Scale Electroliners". Archived from the original on 2006-10-15. Retrieved 2007-04-17.
  7. ^ "Con-Cor's HO Electroliner Models". Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 2009-06-22.
  8. ^ "MTH Electroliner". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
  9. ^ "MTH Liberty Liner". Archived from the original on 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-11-15.
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