Emperor Ninken (仁賢天皇, Ninken-tennō) (449 – 9 September 498) was the 24th legendary emperor of Japan,[2] according to the traditional order of succession.[3] No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 4 February 488 to 9 September 498.[4]
| Emperor Ninken 仁賢天皇 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Emperor of Japan | |||||
| Reign | 4 February 488 – 9 September 498 (traditional)[1] | ||||
| Predecessor | Kenzō | ||||
| Successor | Buretsu | ||||
| Born | 449 Japan | ||||
| Died | 9 September 498 (aged 48–49) Tenri, Japan | ||||
| Burial | Hanyū no Sakamoto no misasagi (埴生坂本陵) (Osaka) | ||||
| Spouse | Kasuga no Ōiratsume | ||||
| Issue among others... | Emperor Buretsu | ||||
| |||||
| House | Imperial House of Japan | ||||
| Father | Ichinobe no Oshiwa | ||||
| Mother | Wae-hime | ||||
Legendary narrative
editNinken is considered to have ruled the country during the late-5th century, but there is a paucity of information about him. There is insufficient material available for further verification and study.
In his youth, he was known as Prince Oke (億計). Along with his younger brother, Prince Woke, Oke was raised to greater prominence when Emperor Seinei died without an heir. The two young princes were said to be grandsons of Emperor Richū. Each of these brothers would ascend the throne as adopted heirs of Seinei, although it is unclear whether they had been "found" in Seinei's lifetime or only after that.[5]
Oke's younger brother, who would become posthumously known as Emperor Kenzō, ascended before his elder brother. This unconventional sequence was in accordance with an agreement made by the two brothers.[6]
Ninken's reign
editWhen Emperor Kenzo died without heirs, Prince Oke succeeded him as Emperor Ninken.
Ninken's contemporary title would not have been tennō, as most historians believe this title was not introduced until the reigns of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō. Rather, it was presumably Sumeramikoto or Amenoshita Shiroshimesu Ōkimi (治天下大王), meaning "the great king who rules all under heaven". Alternatively, Ninken might have been referred to as ヤマト大王/大君 or the "Great King of Yamato".
Ninken married to Emperor Yūryaku's daughter Kasuga no Ōiratsume no Himemiko, a second cousin of him. Their daughter Tashiraka was later married to Emperor Keitai, successor or possibly usurper after her brother, and became mother of Emperor Kinmei, a future monarch and lineal ancestor of all future monarchs of Japan. There apparently was also another daughter, Princess Tachibana, who in turn is recorded to have become a wife of Senka and mother of Princess Iwahime, who herself became a consort of Kimmei and bore Emperor Bidatsu, a future monarch and lineal ancestor of current monarchs of Japan.
Ninken was succeeded by his son, who would accede as Emperor Buretsu.[7]
The actual site of Ninken's grave is not known.[2] The Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Osaka.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Ninken's mausoleum. It is formally named Hanyū no Sakamoto no misasagi.[8]
Consorts and children
edit- Empress (Kōgō) : Princess Kasuga no Ōiratsume (春日大娘皇女), Emperor Yūryaku's daughter
- Princess Takarashi-no-Oiratsume-Hime (高橋大娘皇女)
- Princess Asazuma-Hime (朝嬬皇女)
- Princess Tashiraka (手白香皇女, b. 489), married to Emperor Keitai
- Princess Kusuhi (樟氷皇女)
- Princess Tachibana no Nakatsu (橘仲皇女), married to Emperor Senka
- Prince Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki (小泊瀬稚鷦鷯尊), later Emperor Buretsu
- Princess Mawaka (真稚皇女)
- Consort (Hi) : Nukakimi-no-Iratsume (糠君娘), Wani Nitsume's daughter
- Princess Kasuga no Yamada (春日山田皇女, d.539), married to Emperor Ankan
See also
editNotes
edit
- ^ "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" at Kunaicho.go.jp; retrieved 2013-8-30.
- ^ a b Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 仁賢天皇 (24); retrieved 2013-8-30.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 30;Brown, Delmer M. (1979). Gukanshō, p. 259–260; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki, p. 117.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, p. 42.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 29.
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Aston, William George. (1998). Nihongi, Vol. 1, pp. 393–398.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 419.
References
edit- Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner. OCLC 448337491
- Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
- Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. OCLC 194887
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
- Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-04940-5; OCLC 59145842