Erich Naumann (29 April 1905 – 7 June 1951) was an SS-Brigadeführer and member of the SD. Naumann had a key role in the Holocaust in Eastern Europe as the commander of Einsatzgruppe VI and the commander of Einsatzgruppe B. A convicted war criminal, Naumann was sentenced to death and hanged on 7 June 1951.
Erich Naumann | |
|---|---|
 Naumann's mugshot after his indictment for the Nuremberg Military Tribunal (July 1947) | |
| Born | 29 April 1905 |
| Died | 7 June 1951 (aged 46) |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Motive | Nazism |
| Conviction(s) | Crimes against humanity War crimes Membership in a criminal organization |
| Trial | Einsatzgruppen trial |
| Criminal penalty | Death |
| Details | |
| Victims | 95,000+ |
Span of crimes | 1939–1944 |
| Country | Poland, Belarusian SSR, Russian SFSR, and Netherlands |
| SS career | |
| Allegiance |  Nazi Germany |
| Service |  SS |
| Rank | SS-Brigadeführer |
| Commands |
|
Early life and career
editBorn 29 April 1905, in Meissen, Saxony, Erich Naumann left school at the age of sixteen and was employed in a commercial firm in his home town of Meissen. He joined the Nazi Party in November 1929 (nr. 170257). In 1933, Naumann joined the SA in a full-time capacity and then became an official and officer of police. He joined the Sicherheitsdienst (SD) in 1935. Naumann was the commander of Einsatzgruppe VI during its short-lived existence. During the invasion of Poland, the unit murdered over 6,000 people as part of Operation Tannenberg. Afterwards, Naumann was Chief of Einsatzgruppe B from November 1941 until February or March 1943.[1]
During November 1941, reports he sent to Adolf Eichmann state that he was responsible for the deaths of 17,256 people in Smolensk. Under his command, he admitted that his Einsatzgruppe possessed three gas vans which "were used to exterminate human beings". In another report, dated 15 December 1942, Naumann reported that the Einsatzgruppe B had shot a total of 134,298 people.[2]
From September 1943 to July 1944, Naumann was the commander of the Sicherheitspolizei (Security Police; SiPo) and SD in the Netherlands. In this position, he assisted the perpetrators of Operation Silbertanne and approved of executions carried out by Henk Feldmeijer and Feldmeijer's death squad.[3]
War crimes trial and execution
editAfter capture by the Allies, Naumann stood trial in front of a U.S. military court during the Einsatzgruppen trial. During the proceedings he repeatedly stated that he did not consider his actions during his tenure as commanding officer of Einsatzgruppe B wrong.[2] When asked on the witness stand whether he saw anything morally wrong about the Führer's orders, he replied specifically that he:
"No, your Honor, I considered the decree to be right, because it was part of our aim of the war and therefore it was necessary."
The tribunal asked Naumann to clarify, "Then the Tribunal will accept from your answer that you saw nothing wrong with the order, even though it did involve the killing of defenseless human beings. That is what we draw from your answer." Naumann replied, "Yes, your Honor."[4] Naumann was found guilty of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and membership in a criminal organization, namely the SS and the SD. Naumann was sentenced to death and hanged shortly after midnight on 7 June 1951.[5]
References
edit- ^ "Einsatzkommandos". www.deathcamps.org. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
- ^ a b The Einsatzgruppen: Erich Naumann
- ^ "'Commando was geen geoliede organisatie'". Trouw (in Dutch). 2009-11-12. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
- ^ "Defendants in Nuremberg Military Tribunal Case 9". phdn.org. Retrieved 2022-09-09.
- ^ "Five death sentences were confirmed: the sentence against Oswald Pohl, as well as those passed against the leaders of the Mobile Killing Units, Paul Blobel, Werner Braune, Erich Neumann, and Otto Ohrlendorf. . . . In the early morning hours of 7 June, the [...] Nazi criminals were hanged in the Landesburg prison courtyard." Norbert Frei, Adenauer's Germany and the Nazi Past: The Politics of Amnesty and Integration. Columbia University Press, 2002. p. 165 and p. 173
External links
edit- Naumann's trial from The Einsatzgruppen Archives
- Profile of Naumann from Musmanno, Michael A., Justice. The Eichmann Kommandos. London: Peter Davies. 1961. pp. 156 - 16
- Overview