The Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary or Marriage of the Virgin Mary is a Christian feast that is celebrated by certain communities within the Catholic Church, such as the Oblates of Saint Joseph. It was formerly generally observed on January 23, but was removed from many local calendars by the Sacred Congregation of Rites.
| Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary | |
|---|---|
 Marriage of the Virgin, Saint-Quiriace de Provins | |
| Observed by | Catholic Church |
| Type | Christian |
| Date | 23 January |
| Next time | 23 January 2025 |
| Frequency | Annual |
History
editIn Matthew 1:16, Joseph is described as the husband of Mary. It is probable that Joseph and Mary were betrothed in Nazareth.[1] The term "betrothal" indicates more than an engagement. It was customary in that time and place to celebrate marriage in two stages, the first being the contractual arrangements culminating in consent or "betrothal". After a period of around one year in which the couple were preparing for conjugal living, the second stage of actually conveying the wife to their new home would be accompanied by a great feast such as the Marriage Feast at Cana recounted in the John 2:1-11.[2]
Feast day
editIn 1416 Jean Gerson, Chancellor of the University of Paris urged the Council of Constance to establish a feast day honouring the Betrothal of Mary and Joseph, for which he wrote an office.[3]
The first definite knowledge of a feast in honour of the espousals of Mary dates from August 29, 1517, when with nine other Masses in honour of Mary, it was granted by Leo X to the Nuns of the Annunciation, founded by Saint Jeanne de Valois.[4] In certain particular churches the espousals of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph are honoured with an office on January 23.[5] The Oblates of St. Joseph celebrate January 23 as the feast of “The Holy Spouses Mary and Joseph”.[6]
Gaspar Bertoni, founder of the Stigmatines, chose Mary and Joseph, in the context of their espousals, as patrons of the Congregation of the Sacred Stigmata.[7]
In art
editIn art the subject can be covered in several different scenes, and the betrothal of Mary, with Joseph's blossoming rod, is often shown. Wedding processions are also shown, especially in the Early Medieval period. The scene, or scenes, is a common component in larger cycles of the Life of the Virgin and thus very frequently found, especially in the Middle Ages; it is not found in the typical cycle in a Book of hours.
The marriage scene has been painted by, among others, Giotto, Perugino, Raphael, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Bernardo Daddi (now in the Royal Collection), Veronese (in San Polo church, Venice), and Pieter van Lint (1640, Antwerp Cathedral). The subject is depicted in a fresco in the German Chapel at the Shrine of the Holy House in Loretto, Italy;[8] in a sculpture in the left portico of Sagrada Família Basilica in Barcelona, Spain;[9] and in a stained glass window at St. Rita Basilica, Cascia, Italy.[10]
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Marriage of the Virgin by Giotto, c. 1305 -
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Marriage of Mary by Domenico Ghirlandaio, 1485-1490, at the Tornabuoni Chapel -
The Marriage of the Virgin by Luca Signorelli c. 1490-1491 -
Marriage of the Virgin by Perugino, 1500-1504 -
The Marriage of the Virgin by Raphael, 1504 -
Betrothal of the Virgin by Rosso Fiorentino, 1523
References
edit- ^ Souvay, Charles. "St. Joseph." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 8. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 7 Aug. 2013
- ^ "Background of Betrothal and Divorce", Oblates of St. Joseph
- ^ Black, Charlene Villaseñor. Creating the Cult of St. Joseph: Art and Gender in the Spanish Empire (Princeton University Press, 2006)
- ^ Holweck, Frederick. "Espousals of the Blessed Virgin Mary." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1909. 7 Aug. 2013
- ^ Butler, Alban. The Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and Other Principal Saints, Vol. III
- ^ "A5:Feast of the Espousals", Oblates of St. Joseph
- ^ ""The Holy Spouses Mary and Joseph, our Patrons", Congregation of the Sacred Stigmata". Archived from the original on 2014-03-28. Retrieved 2014-03-26.
- ^ Seitz, Ludovic. "The Matrimony", Shrine of the Holy House, Loretto, Italy
- ^ Gaudi, Antoni. "The Betrothal", Holy Family Basilica, Barcelona, Spain
- ^ Consadori, Silvio. "The Betrothal", St. Rita Basilica, Cascia, Italy