Wikipedia

Essex lorry deaths

On 23 October 2019, the bodies of 39 people — 31 men and 8 women, and all Vietnamese nationals — were found in the trailer of an articulated refrigerator lorry in Grays, Essex, United Kingdom. The trailer had been shipped from the port of Zeebrugge, Belgium, to Purfleet, Essex, UK, and the lorry cab and its driver are believed to have originated from Northern Ireland. Investigations involving the national authorities of the UK, Belgium, Ireland and Vietnam have been led by Essex Police.

Essex lorry deaths
The location where the bodies were discovered in Grays, Essex
Date23 October 2019
LocationGrays, Essex, United Kingdom
Coordinates51°28′44″N 0°16′24″E / 51.4789°N 0.2733°E / 51.4789; 0.2733
Deaths39
Arrests15
Charges

Eleven people were convicted of crimes related to the incident in the UK and a further nineteen were jailed in Belgium.

Lorry

edit
 
A refrigerated articulated lorry, similar to the type involved in the incident

The lorry cab, a Scania R620, was registered in Bulgaria in 2017 in the name of a company owned by an Irish citizen, but had not returned there since, according to the Bulgarian foreign ministry.[1][2] The refrigerated trailer was leased on 15 October from a rental company in County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland.[3] Refrigerated trailers can be kept airtight and frozen to preserve perishables, which could lead to an occupant dying of suffocation or hypothermia should they become trapped inside.[1][4]

The lorry cab and the trailer arrived separately in Purfleet, Essex, from where they travelled together the short distance to Grays. Police believe that the cab was driven from Northern Ireland on 19 October. It then travelled through the Republic of Ireland to Dublin, and from there by sea to Holyhead in Wales, from where it was driven to Purfleet.[5][6][7][8] The trailer was loaded onto the freight ferry Clementine in Zeebrugge in Belgium. GPS data showed it had previously travelled to Dunkirk and Lille in France and Bruges in Belgium.[9] It arrived in Purfleet, a town with a port on the Thames, at around 00:30 on 23 October and was picked up with the cab there about half-an-hour later.[7][10][11]

The Zeebrugge port chairman said it was "highly unlikely" the migrants entered the trailer there, and that breaking the seal, loading 39 people and resealing the trailer without being noticed would be "virtually impossible".[12]

Incident

edit
 
 
class=notpageimage|
Location of lorry discovery in Essex

On 23 October 2019, shortly after 01:40 BST, staff of the East of England Ambulance Service responding to a 999 call made by the driver, Maurice Robinson, who found 39 bodies in a refrigerated articulated lorry.[13] The lorry was in Eastern Avenue at the Waterglade Industrial Park in Grays, Essex. The ambulance service informed Essex Police, who arrived shortly afterwards.[1]

Soon after the police arrived, Eastern Avenue was closed and not fully re-opened until 25 October.[4][14] The lorry driver was a 25-year-old man from Portadown, County Armagh, Northern Ireland. He was arrested at the scene on suspicion of murder.[4][14]

Fatalities

edit

The ambulance service said that all 39 people were dead before it arrived, and attempts at resuscitation could not be made.[4] The deceased—31 males and 8 females—included 10 teenagers; the 2 youngest were 15-year-old boys.[15]

They are believed to have been either victims of human trafficking (for example, as forced labourers), migrants who paid smugglers to move them to the United Kingdom, or both. Smugglers often force migrants to work off the cost of the trip in slave-like conditions.[16][17] There have been a number of incidents in which migrants to Europe died or were injured as a result of dangerous transportation methods. It is often compared to the 2000 Dover incident which 58 Chinese nationals died in similar circumstances.[18]

On 23 November, it was reported that one of the teenagers later found dead had gone missing from an asylum centre in the Netherlands.[19]

On 11 February 2020, Essex Police said that post-mortems gave a combination of hypoxia and hyperthermia as the provisional causes of death.[20][21]

Identification

edit

Initially the Deputy Chief Constable of Essex Police released a statement, "All are believed to be Chinese nationals".[18][22] The Chinese embassy in London sent officials to assist with identification.[11][12]

On 2 November, police clarified they were all Vietnamese.[23] The family of a 26-year-old Vietnamese woman made public her last text message to her parents which she sent as she was dying;[24] her family said they paid around £30,000 to smuggle their daughter from Vietnam to the UK.[25]

On 3 November, Vietnamese officials provided DNA samples from people in Nghệ An Province and essential documents to help identify the deceased.[26][27] By 7 November, all of the deceased had been formally identified.[28] Names, ages and hometowns were released on 8 November; 20 were from Nghệ An Province, 10 from Hà Tĩnh, 4 from Hải Phòng, 3 from Quảng Bình and 2 from Thừa Thiên-Huế.[29]

Investigation

edit

A murder investigation was launched on the morning of the day of the discovery.[14] The investigation was the "largest mass fatality victim identification" investigation in the history of Essex Police.[30] The National Crime Agency suggested that organised crime might be involved.[4]

The investigation was led by Detective Chief Inspector Daniel Stoten, a Senior Investigating Officer within the Kent and Essex Serious Crime Directorate.[31][32]

The lorry and bodies were moved from the scene to a secure location in Tilbury Docks, another nearby port on the Thames, to continue the investigation. Police later moved the bodies to a mortuary at Broomfield Hospital in Chelmsford for post-mortems to be carried out.[33][34]

Taoiseach Leo Varadkar spoke in Dáil Éireann and said that Irish authorities would investigate any involvement regarding their country.[5] In the evening of 23 October, the Belgian prosecutor's office announced that they would also investigate the lorry's transit through their country.[11] The police suspect that an Irish people-smuggling ring which has been under investigation for around a year might be involved.[35]

On 24 October, the Evening Standard speculated that the trailer had travelled from the Netherlands before its departure from Belgium.[36] British police had also searched two properties in Northern Ireland.[8] Belgian officials said the people were trapped in the trailer for at least 10 hours.[37]

Arrests and charges

edit

2019

edit

On 25 October, police arrested a man and a woman from Warrington, Cheshire, on suspicion of manslaughter and conspiracy to traffic people,[38] and another man at Stansted Airport regarding the same offences.[39] On 27 October, it was announced that these three had been released on bail.[40] After extended questioning, on 26 October Essex Police charged the driver they had arrested with 39 counts of manslaughter, conspiracy to traffic people, conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration and money laundering.[37][41] He appeared at Chelmsford Magistrates' Court on 28 October, when the Crown Prosecution Service alleged that he was part of a "global ring" of people smugglers.[42] He was remanded in custody, to appear at the Central Criminal Court on 25 November.[43]

On 26 October, the Irish police said they had detained a man in his 20s at Dublin Port who was of interest to Essex Police as part of its investigation into the lorry deaths. He was charged with unrelated offences.[44] A Belgian public prosecutor said that this was the lorry driver they had been searching for, who had been seen on CCTV ten times at Zeebrugge while dropping off the refrigerated trailer.[45] Two days later, the prosecutor said that the lorry driver pretended that the trailer was filled with cookies and biscuits.[30]

On 29 October, Essex Police announced that two brothers from Armagh, Northern Ireland, one of whom owned the haulage company operating the lorry cab detained at Grays, were wanted on suspicion of manslaughter and human trafficking offences related to the incident.[46] On 20 April 2020, one of the brothers, a 40-year-old man, was arrested by Gardaí in the Republic of Ireland on a European Arrest Warrant and charged with 39 counts of manslaughter and immigration offences.[47]

On 1 November, a man from Northern Ireland was re-arrested in the holding cells of the Criminal Courts of Justice in Dublin following the execution of a European Arrest Warrant issued in the UK. He was charged with 41 offences, including 39 of manslaughter, and extradition proceedings began in the Irish High Court.[48][49] In February 2020, the man was given leave to appeal the extradition judgment.[50]

On 4 November, Vietnamese police arrested eight suspects in the central province of Nghệ An in connection with the smuggling ring.[51][27] In February 2020 five men and two women were charged in Vietnam with "organising or broking others to flee abroad or stay abroad illegally".[52][53]

2020

edit

On 29 January 2020, a man from Essex, who was the subject of a European Arrest Warrant, was detained in Frankfurt. He was returned to the UK where he was charged with 39 counts of manslaughter and conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration.[50]

On 9 February 2020, a man was arrested in Northern Ireland on suspicion of manslaughter and facilitating unlawful immigration, and was released on bail.[50]

On 4 March 2020, a man from Essex was charged with an immigration offence related to the deaths. The offence allegedly occurred between May 2018 and October 2019.[52] On 16 March 2020, a man from Birmingham was charged with an immigration offence related to the incident. The man is accused of "conspiring to smuggle non-EU nationals into the UK, contrary to immigration law, between 1 May 2018 and 24 October 2019."[54]

On 17 April 2020, a 42-year-old man from Tottenham was charged with an immigration offence related to the deaths. He was accused of "conspiracy to facilitate the commission of a breach of UK immigration law by a non-EU person".[55] On 20 April 2020 a 40-year-old man was arrested in the Republic of Ireland in connection with the deaths.[56] He faced 39 charges of manslaughter as well as immigration offences.[56] On 29 April 2020 he appeared before the High Court via videolink, during which he was described as the "ringleader" of a criminal gang.[57] His solicitor applied for bail and the prosecution opposed it.[57] Bail was refused on 30 April.[58][59]

On 26 May 2020 French and Belgian police announced the arrest of 26 people suspected of human trafficking in relation to the Essex lorry deaths.[60] Authorities said a series of simultaneous early morning raids had taken place in both countries on 25 May 2020.[60] The police operation was organised with a cross-border team organised by Eurojust that included Belgium, France, the UK and Ireland.[60] Thirteen people were arrested in France.[60]

On 15 December 2020, a Vietnamese man who was believed to have been involved in transporting 10 of the 39 migrants from a safehouse in Anderlecht was arrested in Redditch by National Crime Agency officers on a European Arrest Warrant issued by a Belgian judge.[61]

2021

edit

On 17 March 2021, Caolan Gormley, a 23-year-old haulier from Caledon, County Tyrone was charged with conspiracy to assist illegal immigration in connection with the deaths.[62] On 14 April 2021, Gormley pleaded not guilty, with a trial date set for November of 2023.[63][64] On 30 November 2023 he was convicted and jailed for seven years.[65]

In June 2021 Italian authorities and the National Crime Agency arrested a 27-year-old Romanian man near Milan in connection with the deaths, charging him with conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration and encouraging or assisting the commission of an offence.[66]

On 17 June 2021 a Vietnamese man who is being sought by Belgian authorities for extradition in connection with the deaths was arrested at a supermarket petrol station in Middlesbrough. A National Crime Agency spokesman said that the individual was "suspected by the Belgian authorities of having played a key role in placing at least 10 migrants inside that lorry."[67]

2022

edit

in July 2022, Essex Police released an image of a man who is wanted in connection with the deaths. 48 year old Romanian national Marius Mihai Draghici is believed to be part of the conspiracy to smuggle the migrants into the UK.[68] He was detained in Bucharest in August.[69]

Court appearances

edit

On 25 November 2019, Maurice Robinson pleaded guilty in the Central Criminal Court to conspiring with others to assist illegal immigration and acquiring criminal property.[70] He was remanded in custody until 13 December when he appeared in court, via a video link from Belmarsh Prison in London where he was being held until his trial.[70][71] On 8 April 2020, he pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of the 39 victims.[72]

A second man, from County Armagh, also appeared at the Central Criminal Court on 13 December and pleaded not guilty to conspiracy to commit human trafficking offences between 1 May 2018 and 24 October 2019, by arranging or facilitating the travel of other people with a view to exploitation. He also denied conspiring to assist unlawful immigration over the same period, but did not enter any plea regarding 39 charges of manslaughter with which he was charged.[71]

Extradition hearings

edit

On 15 May 2020 Ronan Hughes, the man accused of being a ringleader, attended the High Court in Ireland by video link from Cloverhill Prison in Dublin.[73] Counsel for the defence argued that many of the alleged offences occurred outside the jurisdiction of the United Kingdom and that the extradition warrant was unclear about whether the United Kingdom was asserting that the alleged offences occurred in UK jurisdiction or were extraterritorial.[73] Counsel for the Minister for Justice, Ronan Kennedy SC disagreed, calling the claim of extraterritoriality a red herring and that the court should not engage in a "fanciful debate" as to whether other states had jurisdiction to try these offences.[73] The counsel for the state pointed out that the 39 people died after the trailer had entered the UK and that it was nonsensical to suggest their deaths had occurred anywhere other than the UK.[73] The fact that many locations were mentioned in the warrant did not mean that the offences were extraterritorial and the accused was in the UK and had acted to further an act of conspiracy that underpinned the charges of manslaughter.[73] Judge Burns remanded the accused until 12 June 2020, when Ireland's High Court ordered his extradition to the UK.[73][74]

On 28 August 2020 Ronan Hughes, from County Armagh, pleaded guilty to the manslaughter of 39 people found in the trailer.[75][76] Alexandru-Ovidiu Hanga, of Tilbury, and Gazmir Nuzi, of Tottenham, also pleaded guilty to assisting unlawful immigration in June and September 2020 respectively.[77][78]

In January 2021, an extradition hearing was held at Westminster Magistrates' Court for a Vietnamese man, said to be aged 18, who appeared via videolink from HM Prison Wandsworth accused of transporting 10 of the 39 from a safehouse in Anderlecht.[61] In March 2021, the man appeared in court again accused by Belgian authorities of being a member of a criminal organisation, being involved in human trafficking and using forged documents. He was described as an organiser for the people-trafficking organisation, arranging accommodation and transit for money.[79] On 8 April 2021, his extradition was approved.[80]

Old Bailey hearings

edit

On 21 December 2020, verdicts were returned on Romanian ringleader Gheorghe Nica of Basildon and lorry driver Eamonn Harrison from County Down. Both were found guilty of manslaughter and conspiracy to transport and assist illegal migrants. In addition, Valentin Calota from Birmingham and Christopher Kennedy, from County Armagh, were found guilty of immigration offences.[81] Sentencing hearings for all eight guilty men are expected in January 2021.[82] Prosecutors are considering charges against a further three people.[81] In February 2023, Marius Mihai Draghici declined to enter pleas when charged with 39 counts of manslaughter and conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration. He is in custody pending his scheduled trial in November.[83]

Sentencing

edit

In the UK

edit

On 11 January 2021, Gazmir Nuzi was sentenced to 10 months imprisonment after admitting a limited role in the smuggling ring, with the prosecution accepting that he was not part of the organised crime group. He was immediately released having already served his sentence in custody.[84]

On 22 January 2021 the culprits were jailed for the incident. Four people received a custodial sentence of at least 13 years. The two main offenders, Ronan Hughes and Gheorghe Nica, were given 20 years (for 39 counts of manslaughter and conspiring to bring people into the country unlawfully) and 27 years (for manslaughter and people-smuggling), respectively.[85]

Two lorry drivers who were also involved in the incident were also jailed. Eamonn Harrison, who delivered the trailer to Zeebrugge was sentenced to 18 years. Maurice Robinson, who collected the trailer from Purfleet and discovered the dead bodies, was sentenced to 13 years and 4 months.[85]

Three other men were sentenced for conspiring to facilitate unlawful immigration: lorry driver Christopher Kennedy was sentenced to seven years, pickup driver Valentin Calota was sentenced to four and a half years and Alexandru-Ovidiu Hanga was sentenced to three years.[85]

On 21 March 2022, Dragos-Stefan Damian was jailed for three years and ten months after being found guilty of conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration.[86]

On 11 July 2023, Marius Draghici was jailed for 12 years and 7 months. [87]

On 30 November 2023, Caolan Gormley was jailed for seven years for conspiracy to assist unlawful immigration after he was found to have 'close dealings' with the traffickers. [88]

In Belgium

edit

In January 2022, 19 people were convicted in Belgium of being part of a people smuggling ring connected to the deaths, including the ringleader Vo Van Hong who was sentenced to 15 years in prison. All of the others convicted were Vietnamese or Belgians of Vietnamese origin and were accused of buying supplies for the migrants, transporting them in taxis or acting as look-outs at safe houses.[89]

Media bias

edit

77 reports by The Guardian and The Times were studied by Yang (2021). The text corpus were found to have "manipulated emotions to emphasize that China, whether in 2000 or 2019, was a backward and underdeveloped country where citizens tried all means to escape to Britain. However, when British journalists found that the victims were Vietnamese instead of Chinese, they shifted attention to the pitiful Vietnamese families of the victims and tended to arouse readers’ sympathy".[90]

The Associated Press ran an article that remarked "Weeks prior to the discovery in England of the bodies of 39 people believed to be from China, Beijing was holding lavish National Day celebrations congratulating itself on its rise from an impoverished Asian giant to the world’s second largest economy."[91] CNN reporter Aimee Lewis wrote a similar piece.[92] CNN reporter David Culver asked a similar question to China's Foreign Ministry and got rebuffed by spokesperson Hua Chunying.[93] When the victims were found to be Vietnamese, CNN was criticised by Chinese state media and netizens.[94]

Reactions

edit

United Kingdom

edit

Political

edit
 
Grays from the Thameside

UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson said in a tweet that he was "appalled" at the incident, giving his thoughts to the victims and their families, adding that the Home Office was working alongside Essex Police on the case.[95][6] Priti Patel, the Home Secretary, said that she was "shocked and saddened by this utterly tragic incident", and that Immigration Enforcement were working with the Essex Police. António Guterres, the United Nations secretary-general, tweeted that those responsible "must be swiftly brought to justice".[96] Diane Abbott, Shadow Home Secretary, said greater international co-operation was needed to prevent similar events happening again.[97]

Extra UK immigration officers are to be deployed at the Belgian border port of Zeebrugge and more Border Force staff will operate at Purfleet as a result of the incident.[98]

Campaigners against human trafficking organised a vigil to take place outside the Home Office on 24 October in solidarity with the casualties.[4] Following the incident, the Chief Executive of the charity group Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants said that the British government needs to open safe routes and make quick decisions regarding asylum seekers to prevent such attempts, sentiments echoed by the Refugee and Migrant Rights Director of Amnesty International UK.[4] Other refugee groups have expressed concern that the border confusion surrounding Brexit will give more opportunities for groups to commit similar crimes.[99]

Postponement of television show

edit

Channel 4 postponed a television series called Smuggled that was due to air on 28 October, in which British citizens try to smuggle themselves from mainland Europe to the UK.[100] The first part was broadcast on 4 November after re-editing in the light of the 39 deaths, despite the Home Office describing the timing as "both insensitive and irresponsible". Channel 4 defended its decision as meeting its public service obligations, arguing that revelation of the ease with which people could be smuggled into Britain had become a "matter of urgent public interest".[101]

Vietnam

edit

Political

edit

After reports that Vietnamese citizens might be among the deceased, Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, Vietnamese Prime Minister, ordered the country's Public Security Ministry and the authorities of its two central provinces of Hà Tĩnh and Nghệ An, where a number of missing citizens come from, to launch a probe into the case.[102] He also urged his country's Foreign Ministry to direct the Vietnamese embassy in UK to closely monitor the situation, co-ordinate with the British authorities to verify the identities of the victims and take protective measures in case it was confirmed Vietnamese were among them.[102] After confirmation that they were all from Vietnam, the Vietnamese government strongly condemned human trafficking and called on all countries to combat such activities to prevent a recurrence of the incident.[103]

Families of casualties

edit

Families of those who died told reporters that they had been told that neither the British nor Vietnamese governments were willing to cover the cost of repatriating the bodies back to their homes.[104] The deputy chair of the Can Lộc District, had reportedly been told by officials that the Vietnamese government offered to only pay the costs of bringing the bodies "home from the airport" and would pay in advance on behalf of the families only if the families would later pay them back. A father of one of the deceased said he was given two options: having the ashes returned for 41,100,000 Vietnam dong (£1,470) or receiving the body for 66,240,000 Vietnam dong (£2,209).[105]

An international fundraiser through GoFundMe raised money to help cover the potential additional debts that the families might incur bringing home the deceased. Additionally, money was donated by Vingroup, and other Vietnamese associations across Europe.[106] By the end of November, all bodies had been repatriated to Vietnam. Families were worried they could still be left in debt, despite over £84,000 having been raised to help them.[107]

edit

In October 2021, the BBC broadcast the hour-long documentary Hunting the Essex Lorry Killers.[108]

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c Peltier, Elian; Specia, Megan (23 October 2019). "39 Bodies Found in Truck in U.K.; Police Seek to Retrace Fatal Journey". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  2. ^ Tsolova, Tsvetelia (23 October 2019). Williams, Alison (ed.). "Truck found in UK with 39 bodies has Bulgarian registration". Reuters. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  3. ^ Reynolds, Paul; Kearney, Vincent (24 October 2019). "Irish company confirms it leased refrigerated trailer at centre of Essex tragedy". RTÉ News. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Wathen, Tommy; Gregory, James; O'Neill, Lottie; Hooper, Alasdair; Gray, Brad (23 October 2019). "Live: Murder investigation after 39 people found dead in lorry container". EssexLive. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Essex lorry deaths: 39 bodies found in refrigerated trailer". BBC News. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  6. ^ a b Hartley-Parkinson, Richard (23 October 2019). "Bodies of 39 people found in back of lorry on Essex industrial estate". Metro. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  7. ^ a b Grierson, Jamie; Gayle, Damien; Addley, Esther; Carroll, Rory (23 October 2019). "Driver arrested after 39 bodies found in lorry container in Essex". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  8. ^ a b MacMath, Jillian (24 October 2019). "Essex lorry deaths live updates as two houses raided". WalesOnline. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  9. ^ O'Carroll, Lisa; Carroll, Rory; McDonald, Henry (25 October 2019). "Essex lorry deaths: tracking data reveals route in days before tragedy". The Guardian – via www.theguardian.com.
  10. ^ Polglase, Katie; Gault, Tiff (25 October 2019). "Truck container crossed English Channel on the Clementine ferry, CNN ascertains". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019.
  11. ^ a b c Rankin, Jennifer; Grierson, Jamie; Addley, Esther (24 October 2019). "Essex lorry deaths: all 39 victims were Chinese nationals". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Post-mortems to begin on 39 found dead in lorry". BBC News. 25 October 2019.
  13. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Vietnamese families fear relatives among dead". BBC News. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  14. ^ a b c "Update: Friday 25 October 18:07". Essex Police. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  15. ^ Carroll, Rory (8 November 2019). "Police release names of 39 people found dead in Essex lorry". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 November 2019.
  16. ^ Gentleman, Amelia (25 October 2019). "Trafficked Vietnamese and the lure of UK nail bars and cannabis farms". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  17. ^ Adam, Karla (25 October 2019). "'I'm dying because I can't breathe': Vietnamese families fear relatives among 39 bodies in truck container in Essex, U.K.". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 27 March 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  18. ^ a b "The 39 people found dead in a lorry container were Chinese nationals, police say". Manchester Evening News. 24 October 2019.
  19. ^ "Vietnamese lorry death teen escaped asylum centre". BBC News. 23 November 2019.
  20. ^ "Grays lorry deaths: Migrants died of overheating". BBC News. 11 February 2020.
  21. ^ Holden, Michael (4 March 2020). Shirbon, Estelle (ed.). "UK police charge another man over deaths of 39 Vietnamese in truck". Reuters.
  22. ^ "UK vows 'justice' for 39 people found dead in truck from Belgium". Euronews. 23 October 2019.
  23. ^ Wood, Vincent (2 November 2019). "Essex lorry deaths: 39 migrants found dead 'were all Vietnamese, police say". The Independent. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  24. ^ The Phuong, Nguyen; Sidhu, Sandi; Griffiths, James (26 October 2019). "Father of Vietnamese woman believed dead in Essex truck: Smugglers said this was a 'safe route'". CNN. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  25. ^ Southworth, Phoebe; Sawer, Patrick (26 October 2019). "Migrants buy 'VIP tickets' to Britain to work on cannabis farms and nail bars, human trafficking expert claims". The Telegraph.
  26. ^ "Vietnam collects DNA samples to help in Essex lorry deaths case". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  27. ^ a b Mee, Emily (1 September 2021). "Lorry deaths: Eight people arrested in Vietnam". Sky News.
  28. ^ "Bodies found in lorry have all been identified". BBC. 7 November 2019. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
  29. ^ "Vietnamese lorry death victims named". BBC News. 8 November 2019.
  30. ^ a b Crisp, James; Davies, Gareth (28 October 2019). "'People smugglers' in Belgium pretended Essex lorry migrants were cookies and biscuits, prosecutor reveals". The Telegraph.
  31. ^ Ferguson, Amanda (1 November 2019). "Second Man Charged Over UK Truck Deaths, Victims Now Thought to Be Vietnamese". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
  32. ^ "Three men convicted over chainsaw attack in Grays". Your Thurrock. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  33. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: 39 found dead were Chinese nationals". BBC News. 24 October 2019. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  34. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Police escort ambulances to remove bodies for post-mortem". Sky News. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  35. ^ Dixon, Hayley; Walsh, John; Carpani, Jessica (28 October 2019). "Irish people-smuggling gang suspected of being at centre of the Essex lorry container deaths has been under investigation for a year". The Telegraph. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  36. ^ Speare-Cole, Rebecca (24 October 2019). "Crime chiefs issued warnings over migrants in refrigerated HGVs". Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  37. ^ a b Addley, Esther; Murphy, Simon; Carroll, Rory (24 October 2019). "Lorry victims were trapped before reaching Belgian coast, officials say". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  38. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Two held on suspicion of manslaughter". BBC News. 25 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Fourth person arrested after 39 bodies found in container". Sky News. 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  40. ^ "Three bailed over Essex lorry deaths". BBC News. 27 October 2019.
  41. ^ Southworth, Phoebe; Sawe, Patrick (26 October 2019). "Essex lorry deaths: Driver charged with 39 counts of manslaughter and conspiracy to traffic people". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 April 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
  42. ^ Busby, Mattha; Carroll, Rory (28 October 2019). "Lorry deaths: driver was part of global ring of smugglers, court told". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
  43. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Man in court on manslaughter charges". BBC News. 28 October 2019.
  44. ^ "Police ask Vietnamese to help identify lorry dead". BBC News. 26 October 2019.
  45. ^ Quinn, Ben (27 October 2019). "Man arrested in Dublin 'delivered lorry deaths trailer to Zeebrugge'". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  46. ^ Holden, Michael (29 October 2019). "Police hunt for brothers from Northern Ireland over truck deaths". Reuters. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  47. ^ Beattie, Jilly (20 April 2020). "Essex lorry deaths: Haulier Ronan Hughes arrested". Belfast Live. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  48. ^ Cronin, Olga (1 November 2019). "Northern Irish man faces 41 charges over Essex lorry deaths". The Irish Times. Retrieved 2 November 2019.
  49. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Extradition proceedings launched". BBC News. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
  50. ^ a b c "Essex lorry deaths: Eamonn Harrison granted extradition appeal". BBC News. 12 February 2020.
  51. ^ Busby, Mattha; Humphrey, Chris (4 November 2019). "Essex lorry deaths: Vietnamese police arrest eight people". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  52. ^ a b "Man charged with immigration offence over Essex lorry deaths". BBC News. 4 March 2020.
  53. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Vietnamese police charge seven people". BBC News. 21 February 2020.
  54. ^ Quinn, Ben (16 March 2020). "Essex lorry deaths: fifth charged over deaths of 39 Vietnamese people". The Guardian.
  55. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Man charged with immigration offence". BBC News. 17 April 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  56. ^ a b "Essex lorry deaths: Man held in Ireland faces manslaughter charges". BBC News. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  57. ^ a b "Monaghan man facing extradition to UK over Essex lorry deaths was 'ringleader' in criminal gang, court hears". The Journal. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  58. ^ O'Riordan, Alison (30 April 2020). "Man alleged to be 'the ringleader' and 'chief organiser' of organised criminal group refused bail by High Court". Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  59. ^ Reynolds, Paul (30 April 2020). "Man facing extradition to UK over migrant deaths refused bail". RTÉ News. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  60. ^ a b c d "Essex lorry deaths: 26 arrested in France and Belgium". The Guardian. Associated Press. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  61. ^ a b Critchell, Matthew (15 January 2021). "Grays lorry deaths: 'Taxi driver brought Vietnamese victims to continent'". Echo News. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  62. ^ "Essex lorry deaths case: Haulier Caolan Gormley in court". BBC News. 17 March 2021. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  63. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Haulier denies role in migrant smuggling plot". BBC News. 14 April 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2021.
  64. ^ "Tyrone man charged with immigration offence in connection with Essex lorry deaths to go on trial". The Irish Times. Retrieved 7 October 2023.
  65. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Caolan Gormley jailed for trafficking offence". BBC News. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
  66. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Man held in Italy over the deaths of 39 migrants". BBC News. 10 June 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  67. ^ Jackson, Siba (18 June 2021). "Essex lorry deaths: Man arrested in Middlesbrough in people-smuggling probe linked to deaths of 39 Vietnamese migrants". Sky News. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  68. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Police release image of suspect Marius Draghici wanted in connection with deaths of 39 Vietnamese nationals". Sky News. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
  69. ^ "Romanian man detained by police in Grays lorry deaths case". BBC News. 11 August 2022. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  70. ^ a b "Lorry driver admits plot after 39 migrant deaths". BBC News. 25 November 2019.
  71. ^ a b Brent, Harry. "Essex lorry deaths: Irish truck driver denies human trafficking charges". The Irish Post.
  72. ^ "NI lorry driver admits manslaughter over Essex deaths". 8 April 2020 – via www.rte.ie.
  73. ^ a b c d e f O'Riordan, Alison (15 May 2020). "Essex lorry deaths: State says defence raised 'nonsensical' claim at Monaghan man's extradition hearing". TheJournal.ie. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  74. ^ Harrison, Shane (12 June 2020). "Essex lorry deaths: Ronan Hughes to be extradited to UK". BBC News. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  75. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: haulier pleads guilty to manslaughter". The Guardian. PA Media. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  76. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Ronan Hughes admits manslaughter". BBC News. 28 August 2020. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  77. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Man admits offence linked to people-smuggling". BBC News. 26 June 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  78. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Four people jailed in Vietnam". BBC News. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  79. ^ Makoni, Abbianca (12 March 2021). "Vietnamese teenager accused over lorry migrants' deaths is wanted in Belgium". Evening Standard. Retrieved 18 March 2021.
  80. ^ "Court orders extradition of people smuggling suspect wanted in connection with Essex lorry deaths". National Crime Agency. 8 April 2021. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  81. ^ a b "Two men found guilty of manslaughter of 39 people in Essex lorry tragedy". TheJournal.ie. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  82. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Two found guilty of killing 39 migrants". BBC News. 21 December 2020. Retrieved 21 December 2020.
  83. ^ "Grays lorry deaths: Romanian man in court over 39 migrant deaths". BBC News. 3 February 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  84. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Gazmir Nuzi sentenced over people-smuggling ring". BBC News. 11 January 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  85. ^ a b c Gentleman, Amelia (22 January 2021). "People-smuggling gang members jailed over Essex lorry deaths". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  86. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Man extradited from Italy jailed". BBC News. 21 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  87. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Marius Draghici jailed for more than 12 years". BBC News. 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  88. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Caolan Gormley jailed for trafficking offence". BBC News. 30 November 2023. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  89. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Trafficking gang ringleader jailed in Belgium". BBC News. 19 January 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  90. ^ Yang, Qinyi (2022). "Emotional positioning in British news reports about Dover and Essex migrant tragedies: A corpus-based study". Journal of World Languages. 7 (2). Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press of the Beijing Foreign Studies University: 375–397. doi:10.1515/jwl-2020-0001.
  91. ^ "Inequalities in China drive many to seek better life abroad". Associated Press. 25 October 2019.
  92. ^ Lewis, Aimee (25 October 2019) [01:21 GMT]. "Why would people from the world's second-biggest economy risk their lives to sneak into the UK?". CNN. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
  93. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on October 25, 2019". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. 25 October 2019. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019.
  94. ^ Jiangnan, Xian; Jie, Kou (30 October 2019). "CNN slammed for rushing to attack China in report of UK lorry death". People's Daily Online. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  95. ^ "Boris Johnson @BorisJohnson". Twitter. 23 October 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  96. ^ "39 bodies found in truck container in Essex: Live updates". CNN. 23 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  97. ^ Abbott, Diane (27 October 2019). "Andrew Marr Show, 27th October 2019, Diane Abbott MP" (PDF). BBC News. p. 5. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  98. ^ Siddique, Haroon (28 October 2019). "UK sends extra staff to Zeebrugge after Essex lorry deaths". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
  99. ^ Christian, Bonnie; Grafton-Green, Patrick (23 October 2019). "Grays lorry murder probe: LIVE news updates after 39 bodies found in Essex lorry container in Thurrock". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  100. ^ Quinn, Ben (23 October 2019). "Channel 4 postpones Smuggled broadcast after bodies found in lorry". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 October 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.
  101. ^ Quinn, Ben (2 November 2019). "Channel 4's Smuggled criticised as insensitive in wake of lorry deaths". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
  102. ^ a b Thuy, Hoang (26 October 2019). "PM orders investigation into overseas trafficking of Vietnamese citizens". VnExpress. Retrieved 27 October 2019.
  103. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: Vietnam condemns 'human trafficking'". BBC News. 2 November 2019.
  104. ^ "Vietnam offers loans to families to return bodies". BBC News. 18 November 2019.
  105. ^ Humphrey, Chris; Pham, Bac (19 November 2019). "Vietnam offers grieving families loans to return bodies". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  106. ^ "Fundraisers help send Vietnam's lorry dead home". BBC News. 21 November 2019.
  107. ^ "Essex lorry deaths: All victims' bodies back in Vietnam". BBC News. 30 November 2019. Retrieved 1 January 2020.
  108. ^ "BBC Two - Hunting the Essex Lorry Killers".
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Essex_lorry_deaths&oldid=1260631480"
  NODES
Association 1
INTERN 3
Note 1
twitter 1
Verify 1