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Tetradium ruticarpum is a tree that comes from China and Korea. It was previously classified in the genus Euodia as Euodia ruticarpa. The fruit is usually used, denoted sometimes as fructus. It has a strong bitter taste, and is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is a recognized herb in Kampo. Both the former genus name and the species name are often misspelled, and the plant usually appears in sources dealing with traditional Chinese medicine as "Evodia(e) rutaecarpa".
| Tetradium ruticarpum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Rutaceae |
| Genus: | Tetradium |
| Species: | T. ruticarpum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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| Regional names | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||
| Chinese | 吴茱萸 | ||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin | wu zhu yu | ||||||
| |||||||
| Japanese name | |||||||
| Kanji | 呉茱萸 | ||||||
| Kana | ごしゅゆ | ||||||
| |||||||
Production
editCultivation
editTetradium ruticarpum is grown mainly in China.
Harvesting
editThe fruit is picked. It may be consumed as food.
Traditional medicine
editTraditional Chinese medicine
editIn traditional Chinese medicine the herb is described as a fruit.
Kampo
editTetradium ruticarpum is called 呉茱萸 (Goshuyu) in Japanese, used in Goshuyu-tou and Unkentou (ja:温経湯). These are Kampo (漢方) preparations of mixed herbs, the former named after this plant.[2] The mixture is noted for having a high concentration (132.6 to 706.3 mmol/100 g) of antioxidants, where the other constituents of the mixture rank lower.[3]
Contraindications
editAllergic reactions have occasionally been reported in users of medicinal preparations of the plant.[citation needed]
Biochemical analysis
editThere has been relatively little scientific study of Tetradium ruticarpum except for antioxidant capacity of one of its mixtures.
Notable compounds in T. ruticarpum include:[4]
- rutecarpine, an indole alkaloid that is a COX-2 inhibitor
- 0-hydroxyrutaecarpine
- evodiamine, a possible thermogenic agent and stimulant, named after the former name of the genus
- dehydroevodiamine
- synephrine, an adrenergic receptor agonist
- 1-methyl-2-n-nonyl-4(1H)quinolone
- evocarpine
- dihydroevocarpine
In rats, the half-lives of most of these compounds was found to be relatively short, between 0.5 - 2 hours.[4]
Variants
editThere are a few variants:[5]
- var. officinalis
- var bodinieri (Dode) Huang
References
edit- ^ "Tetradium ruticarpum (A.Juss.) T.G.Hartley". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 21 November 2014 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ "Kampo virtual class | Japanese Kampo Medicine｜Kampo Igaku Center Keio University Medical School".
- ^ Carlsen, MH; Halvorsen, BL; Holte, K; Bøhn, SK; Dragland, S; Sampson, L; Willey, C; Senoo, H; Umezono, Y; Sanada, C; Barikmo, I; Berhe, N; Willett, WC; Phillips, KM; Jacobs, DR; Blomhoff, R (2010). "The total antioxidant content of more than 3100 foods, beverages, spices, herbs and supplements used worldwide". Nutr J. 9: 3. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-9-3. PMC 2841576. PMID 20096093.
- ^ a b Hu, Chuan-Qin; Li, Fei; Yang, Xiu-Wei (April 2012). "Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic analysis of seven alkaloids and two flavonoids from rat plasma by HPLC–DAD after oral administration of Wuzhuyu decoction". Journal of Asian Natural Products Research. 14 (4): 370–381. doi:10.1080/10286020.2012.656093. PMID 22375876. S2CID 31746179.
- ^ "Goshuyu".