Text Appearing Before Image: FiG. S4. — Virgin and Child, with a prophet, who pointsto a star, fresco in the catacomb of Priscilla. Middleof the second century. 246 PICTORIAL ABT gests one of Raphaels ^ladoiiiias, and prompts the curiousreflection that in the long interval between that unknownl)ainter Tind the Italian artists of the early Renascence there Text Appearing After Image: SCULPTURE—Introductory 247 was, perhaps, no one who could draw such a group. It will benoticed that the man, who is clad in the philosophers pallium,is pointing to a star. It is not perfectly clear what the picturerepresents, but the man is commonly taken to be a prophetforetelling the birth of Christ, and he is identified as Isaiah oras Balaam. Another highly interesting picture is illustrated in Fig. 85;it is from the same cemetery, but it belongs to the followingcentury. The woman standing in the middle in the posture ofthe orans represents, it is supposed, a consecrated virgin whowas buried in this tomb. It is supposed with good reason thatthe scene in the background, at the left, represents her conse-cration to the virginal life. The virgin holds the veil in herhand, while the bishop, who sits in his cathedra and is assistedby his deacon, admonishes her by pointing to the Blessed Vir-gin as the pattern of her life. B. SCULPTURE Christian sculpture hardly existed before the four
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