A fish sting is an injury which may include envenomation and mechanical trauma.[1] There are a number of species of venomous fish including the stonefish.[1][2][3][4]
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Stonefish sting lethality in man has been scarcely documented since the middle of the 20th century. We report three clinical cases, including one fatality, emphasizing the cardiovascular toxicity of the Synanceia verrucosa venom, and its potentially lethal effects. All clinical data have been recently collected in New Caledonia and French Polynesia. Due to the medical significance of the venom, there is a notable lack of research on stonefish ichthyocrinotoxins.
Future research should investigate the toxins role in predator defence, parasite prevention, and mitigating epibiosis.
Further inquiry into stonefish toxins would expand ecological insights and may reveal therapeutic and industrial potential
Weeverfish sting
editWeeverfish are colorful marine animals which grow up to 1.5 feet in length. They are found in the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, and are mostly buried in sand or mud. They can cause serious wounds due to the presence of neurotoxin venom, which can lead to paralysis, seizures or even death. Immediate medical attention is recommended in case of a weeverfish sting.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Cameron, Peter; Jelinek, George; Everitt, Ian (2006-01-01). Textbook of Paediatric Emergency Medicine. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN 978-0443073489.
- ^ Maillaud, C.; Hoang-Oppermann, T.; Hoang-Oppermann, V.; Rigot, H.; Girardot, S.; Nour, M. (September 2020). "Is stonefish Synanceia verrucosa envenomation potentially lethal?". Toxicon. 184: 78–82. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.05.019.
- ^ Lennox-Bulow, Danica; Smout, Michael; Loukas, Alex; Seymour, Jamie (December 2023). "Stonefish (Synanceia spp.) Ichthyocrinotoxins: An ecological review and prospectus for future research and biodiscovery". Toxicon. 236: 107329. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107329.
- ^ Khalil, Ahmad M.; Wahsha, Mohammad A.; Abu Khadra, Khalid M.; Khalaf, Maroof A.; Al-Najjar, Tariq H. (February 2018). "Biochemical and histopathological effects of the stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) venom in rats". Toxicon. 142: 45–51. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.12.052.
- ^ Tiziani, Adriana P. (2013). Havard's Nursing Guide to Drugs (9 ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1054. ISBN 9780729581622.
- ^ "Wilderness: Weeverfish Sting". WebMD.
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