The Forbes Global 2000 is an annual ranking of the top 2000 public companies in the world, published by: sales, profit, assets and market value.[1] The list has been published annually since 2003.
By country
editForbes Global 2000 as of 2023:[2][3]
2023 list
editIn 2023, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[4]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | JPMorgan Chase[5] | New York | Banking, financial services | 179.93 | 41.8 | 3,700 |
| 2 | Saudi Aramco | Dhahran | Oil and gas | 393.16 | 61.69 | 369.4 |
| 3 | Citigroup | New York | Banking, financial services | 216.77 | 52.47 | 6,100 |
| 4 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 203.08 | 48.25 | 5,000 |
| 5 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 186.14 | 37.92 | 5,400 |
| 7 | Alphabet[6] | Mountain View, California | Conglomerate | 282.85 | 58.59 | 369.5 |
| 6 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 133.84 | 28.62 | 3,200 |
| 8 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Conglomerate | 589.47 | 156.36 | 653.9 |
| 9 | Microsoft | Redmond | Software | 207.59 | 69.02 | 380.1 |
| 10 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Software | 385.1 | 94.32 | 332.2 |
2022 list
editIn 2022, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[7]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Conglomerate | 276.1 | 89.9 | 958.8 | 741.5 |
| 2 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial Service | 208.1 | 54.0 | 5,518.5 | 214.4 |
| 3 | Saudi Aramco | Dhahran | Oil and gas | 400.4 | 105.4 | 576.0 | 2,292.1 |
| 4 | JPMorgan Chase | New York | Banking, financial services | 124.5 | 42.1 | 3,954.7 | 374.5 |
| 5 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 202.1 | 46.9 | 4,747.0 | 181.3 |
| 6 | Amazon.com, Inc. | Seattle | Conglomerate | 469.8 | 33.4 | 420.6 | 1,468.4 |
| 7 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computer software | 678.7 | 100.6 | 381.2 | 2,640.3 |
| 8 | Citigroup | New York | Banking, financial services | 181.4 | 37.4 | 4,561.1 | 133.4 |
| 9 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 96.8 | 31.0 | 3,238.2 | 303.1 |
| 10 | Toyota Motor | Toyota, Aichi | Automotive | 281.8 | 28.2 | 552.5 | 237.7 |
2021 list
editIn 2021, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[8]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial Service | 190.5 | 45.8 | 4914.7 | 249.5 |
| 2 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 136.2 | 40.4 | 3689.3 | 464.8 |
| 3 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Banking, financial services | 245.5 | 42.5 | 873.7 | 624.4 |
| 4 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 173.5 | 39.3 | 4301.7 | 210.4 |
| 5 | Saudi Aramco | Dhahran | Oil and gas | 229.7 | 49.3 | 510.3 | 1897.2 |
| 6 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computer software | 294 | 63.9 | 354.1 | 2252.3 |
| 6 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 98.8 | 17.9 | 2832.2 | 336.3 |
| 6 | Ping An Insurance | Shenzhen | Financial services | 169.1 | 20.8 | 1453.8 | 211.2 |
| 9 | Citigroup | New York | Banking, financial services | 153.9 | 31.3 | 4159.9 | 140.1 |
| 10 | Amazon.com, Inc. | Seattle | Conglomerate | 386.1 | 21.3 | 321.2 | 1711.8 |
2020 list
editIn 2020, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[9]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 177.2 | 45.3 | 4322.5 | 242.3 |
| 2 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 162.1 | 38.9 | 3822 | 203.8 |
| 3 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 142.9 | 30 | 3139.4 | 291.7 |
| 4 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Banking, financial services | 254.6 | 81.4 | 817.7 | 455.4 |
| 5 | Citigroup | New York | Banking, financial services | 148.7 | 30.9 | 3697.5 | 147.2 |
| 6 | Saudi Aramco | Dhahran | Oil and gas | 329.8 | 88.2 | 398.3 | 1284.8 |
| 7 | Ping An Insurance | Shenzhen | Financial services | 155 | 18.8 | 1218.6 | 187.2 |
| 8 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 112.1 | 24.1 | 2620 | 208.6 |
| 9 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computer software | 267.7 | 57.2 | 320.4 | 1285.5 |
| 10 | Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 135.4 | 27.2 | 3387 | 112.8 |
2019 list
editIn 2019, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[10]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 175.9 | 45.2 | 4034.5 | 305.1 |
| 2 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 132.9 | 32.7 | 2737.2 | 368.5 |
| 3 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 150.3 | 38.8 | 3382.4 | 225 |
| 4 | Citigroup | New York City | Banking, financial services | 137.5 | 30.9 | 3293.1 | 197 |
| 5 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 111.9 | 28.5 | 2377.2 | 287.3 |
| 6 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Electronic and software | 261.7 | 59.4 | 373.7 | 961.3 |
| 7 | Ping An Insurance | Shenzhen | Financial services | 151.8 | 16.3 | 1038.3 | 220.2 |
| 8 | American Express | Buffalo | Banking, financial services | 126.7 | 27.5 | 3097.6 | 143 |
| 9 | Royal Dutch Shell | The Hague | Oil and gas | 382.6 | 23.3 | 399.2 | 264.9 |
| 10 | Wells Fargo | San Francisco | Banking, financial services | 101.5 | 23.1 | 1887.8 | 214.7 |
2018 list
editIn 2018, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[11]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 165.3 | 43.7 | 4210.9 | 311 |
| 2 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 143.2 | 37.1 | 3631.6 | 261.2 |
| 3 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 118.2 | 26.5 | 2609.8 | 387.7 |
| 4 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Conglomerate | 235.2 | 39.7 | 702.7 | 491.9 |
| 5 | Citigroup | New York City | Banking, financial services | 129.3 | 29.6 | 3439.3 | 184.1 |
| 6 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 92.2 | 16.6 | 2196.8 | 231.9 |
| 7 | Wells Fargo | San Francisco | Banking, financial services | 103.0 | 21.7 | 1915.4 | 265.3 |
| 8 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computing | 247.5 | 53.3 | 367.5 | 926.9 |
| 9 | Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 118.2 | 26.4 | 3204.2 | 158.6 |
| 10 | American Express | Buffalo | Banking, financial services | 141.6 | 13.9 | 1066.4 | 181.4 |
As a group, the Forbes Global 2000 in year 2018 accounts for $39.1* trillion in sales, $3.2 trillion in profit, $189* trillion in assets and $56.8* trillion in market value.
By industry sector
editThe top-ranked companies in each industry sector are as follows.
| Sector | Company | Headquarters | Overall rank |
Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Advertising | WPP | London | #301 | 18.7 | 1.8 | 42.4 | 30.1 |
| Aerospace & Defense | Boeing | Chicago | #76 | 96.1 | 5.2 | 94.4 | 85.3 |
| Air Courier | United Parcel Service | Sandy Springs | #146 | 58.1 | 4.8 | 38.3 | 93.3 |
| Airline | Delta Air Lines | Atlanta | #170 | 40.5 | 4.7 | 53.3 | 34.4 |
| Aluminum | Alcoa | New York City | #757 | 21.7 | -0.3 | 36.1 | 13.7 |
| Apparel/Accessories | Christian Dior | Paris | #216 | 41.6 | 1.7 | 68.1 | 31.4 |
| Apparel/Footwear Retail | Inditex | A Coruña | #310 | 23.1 | 3.2 | 18.8 | 103.2 |
| Auto & Truck Manufacturers | Toyota Motor | Toyota | #10 | 235.8 | 19.3 | 406.7 | 177.0 |
| Auto & Truck Parts | Continental | Hanover | #209 | 43.5 | 3.0 | 36.7 | 43.7 |
| Beverages | Anheuser-Busch InBev | Leuven | #56 | 43.6 | 8.3 | 136.5 | 204.6 |
| Biotechs | Gilead Sciences | Foster City | #118 | 32.2 | 18.1 | 51.8 | 138.1 |
| Broadcasting & Cable | Comcast | Philadelphia | #35 | 74.5 | 8.2 | 166.6 | 148.2 |
| Business & Personal Services | Alibaba | Hangzhou | #174 | 15.0 | 11.0 | 56.2 | 200.7 |
| Business Products & Supplies | Canon | Tokyo | #254 | 31.4 | 1.8 | 36.8 | 40.4 |
| Casinos & Gaming | Las Vegas Sands | Paradise | #301 | 11.4 | 1.8 | 21.0 | 37.2 |
| Communications Equipment | Cisco Systems | San Jose | #63 | 49.6 | 10.3 | 112.6 | 141.7 |
| Computer & Electronics Retail | Best Buy | Richfield | #637 | 39.5 | 0.9 | 13.5 | 10.7 |
| Computer Hardware | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | #8 | 233.3 | 53.7 | 293.3 | 586.0 |
| Computer Services | Alphabet | Mountain View | #27 | 77.2 | 17.0 | 149.7 | 500.1 |
| Computer Storage Devices | EMC | Hopkinton | #231 | 24.6 | 2.0 | 45.7 | 51.9 |
| Conglomerates | Siemens | Munich | #51 | 85.5 | 6.5 | 133.9 | 91.8 |
| Construction Materials | Saint-Gobain | Courbevoie | #256 | 43.9 | 1.4 | 48.7 | 25.6 |
| Construction Services | China State Construction Engineering | Beijing | #114 | 135.0 | 4.1 | 165.6 | 25.6 |
| Consumer Electronics | Sony | Tokyo | #192 | 67.9 | 1.1 | 142.2 | 34.1 |
| Consumer Financial Services | American Express | New York City | #95 | 34.6 | 5.0 | 159.0 | 63.2 |
| Containers & Packaging | Amcor | Hawthorn | #966 | 9.3 | 0.7 | 8.2 | 13.6 |
| Department Stores | Macy's | New York City | #515 | 27.1 | 1.1 | 20.6 | 12.8 |
| Discount Stores | Wal-Mart Stores | Bentonville | #15 | 482.1 | 14.7 | 199.6 | 215.7 |
| Diversified Chemicals | BASF | Ludwigshafen | #94 | 78.1 | 4.4 | 80.1 | 73.2 |
| Diversified Insurance | Ping An Insurance | Shenzhen | #20 | 98.7 | 8.7 | 732.3 | 90.0 |
| Diversified Metals & Mining | China Shenhua Energy | Beijing | #167 | 27.3 | 2.6 | 85.3 | 43.1 |
| Diversified Utilities | Veolia Environnement | Paris | #526 | 27.7 | 0.5 | 39.0 | 13.3 |
| Drug Retail | CVS Health | Woonsocket | #62 | 153.3 | 5.2 | 93.7 | 110.8 |
| Electric Utilities | Korea Electric Power | Seoul | #97 | 52.1 | 11.7 | 149.5 | 33.1 |
| Electrical Equipment | Schneider Electric | Rueil-Malmaison | #117 | 29.5 | 1.6 | 46.3 | 39.3 |
| Electronics | Hon Hai Precision (Foxconn) | New Taipei City | #117 | 141.2 | 4.6 | 70.3 | 39.2 |
| Environmental & Waste | Waste Management | Houston | #549 | 13.0 | 0.8 | 20.9 | 25.1 |
| Food Processing | Nestlé | Vevey | #33 | 92.2 | 9.4 | 123.9 | 235.7 |
| Food Retail | Kroger | Cincinnati | #223 | 109.8 | 2.0 | 34.9 | 34.2 |
| Forest Products | Empresas CMPC | Santiago | #1943 | 4.8 | 0.3 | 14.8 | 5.4 |
| Furniture & Fixtures | Steinhoff International | Stellenbosch | #440 | 13.3 | 1.4 | 25.1 | 22.8 |
| Healthcare Services | Express Scripts | St. Louis | #145 | 101.8 | 2.5 | 54.0 | 46.5 |
| Heavy Equipment | Caterpillar | Peoria | #155 | 47.0 | 2.1 | 78.5 | 45.6 |
| Home Improvement Retail | Home Depot | Atlanta | #112 | 88.5 | 7.0 | 42.5 | 169.8 |
| Hotels/Motels | Carnival | Miami | #311 | 15.8 | 1.9 | 38.4 | 37.8 |
| Household Appliances | Midea Group | Foshan | #402 | 22.0 | 2.0 | 19.8 | 20.2 |
| Household/Personal Care | Procter & Gamble | Cincinnati | #39 | 69.4 | 8.4 | 129.1 | 218.9 |
| Insurance Brokers | Aon | London | #420 | 11.7 | 1.4 | 27.2 | 27.9 |
| Internet & Catalog Retail | Amazon | Seattle | #237 | 107.0 | 0.6 | 67.7 | 292.6 |
| Investment Services | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | #4 | 210.8 | 24.1 | 561.1 | 360.1 |
| Iron & Steel | Citic Pacific | Hong Kong | #61 | 53.8 | 5.4 | 877.8 | 45.4 |
| Life & Health Insurance | Japan Post Holdings | Tokyo | #29 | 129.8 | 4.4 | 2,450.7 | 62.6 |
| Major Banks | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | #1 | 171.1 | 44.2 | 3,420.3 | 198.0 |
| Managed Health Care | UnitedHealth Group | Minnetonka | #41 | 165.9 | 6.0 | 117.9 | 127.5 |
| Medical Equipment & Supplies | Johnson & Johnson | New Brunswick | #32 | 70.2 | 15.4 | 133.4 | 312.6 |
| Natural Gas Utilities | Gas Natural Fenosa | Barcelona | #287 | 28.8 | 1.7 | 52.3 | 20.6 |
| Oil & Gas Operations | ExxonMobil | Irving | #9 | 236.8 | 16.2 | 336.8 | 363.3 |
| Oil Services & Equipment | Schlumberger | Houston | #176 | 31.7 | 1.6 | 69.1 | 111.1 |
| Other Industrial Equipment | Eaton | Dublin | #315 | 20.9 | 2.0 | 31.0 | 28.9 |
| Other Transportation | Møller-Maersk | Copenhagen | #306 | 40.3 | 0.7 | 64.1 | 30.7 |
| Paper & Paper Products | International Paper | Memphis | #426 | 22.4 | 0.9 | 30.6 | 17.8 |
| Pharmaceuticals | Pfizer | New York City | #46 | 48.9 | 7.7 | 167.5 | 205.7 |
| Precision Healthcare Equipment | Thermo Fisher Scientific | Waltham | #267 | 17.0 | 2.0 | 40.9 | 57.8 |
| Printing & Publishing | Thomson Reuters | New York City | #405 | 12.2 | 1.3 | 29.1 | 30.9 |
| Property & Casualty Insurance | Travelers | New York City | #165 | 26.9 | 3.4 | 102.0 | 32.4 |
| Railroads | Union Pacific | Omaha | #172 | 21.0 | 4.6 | 55.8 | 75.4 |
| Real Estate | Vanke | Shenzhen | #185 | 31.1 | 2.9 | 94.1 | 27.7 |
| Recreational Products | Activision Blizzard | Santa Monica | #842 | 4.6 | 0.9 | 15.3 | 25.5 |
| Regional Banks | China Construction Bank | Beijing | #2 | 146.8 | 36.4 | 2,826.0 | 162.8 |
| Rental & Leasing | Mitsubishi UFJ Lease | Tokyo | #1075 | 6.7 | 0.5 | 42.3 | 4.2 |
| Restaurants | McDonald's | Oak Brook | #189 | 25.4 | 4.8 | 37.9 | 110.1 |
| Security Systems | Secom | Tokyo | #854 | 7.1 | 0.6 | 13.2 | 18.1 |
| Semiconductors | Samsung Electronics | Seoul | #18 | 177.3 | 16.5 | 206.5 | 161.6 |
| Software & Programming | Microsoft | Redmond | #23 | 86.6 | 10.2 | 181.9 | 407.0 |
| Specialized Chemicals | Air Liquide | Paris | #313 | 18.2 | 1.9 | 31.4 | 40.5 |
| Specialty Stores | Richemont | Bellevue | #416 | 12.4 | 1.7 | 21.2 | 37.6 |
| Telecommunications services | AT&T | Dallas | #12 | 146.8 | 13.2 | 402.7 | 234.2 |
| Thrifts & Mortgage Financing | Aareal Bank | Wiesbaden | #1381 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 57.2 | 2.1 |
| Tobacco | British American Tobacco | London | #177 | 20.0 | 6.6 | 46.5 | 111.0 |
| Trading Companies | Mitsubishi Corp | Tokyo | #136 | 59.8 | 2.7 | 135.7 | 27.7 |
| Trucking | Yamato Holdings | Tokyo | #1306 | 11.7 | 0.3 | 9.3 | 8.6 |
2017 list
editIn 2017, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[12]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 151.4 | 42.0 | 3473.2 | 229.8 |
| 2 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 134.2 | 35.0 | 3016.6 | 200.5 |
| 3 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Conglomerate | 222.9 | 24.1 | 620.9 | 409.9 |
| 4 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 102.5 | 24.2 | 2513.0 | 306.6 |
| 5 | Wells Fargo | San Francisco | Banking, financial services | 97.6 | 21.9 | 1943.4 | 274.4 |
| 6 | Citigroup | New York City | Banking, financial services | 115.7 | 27.8 | 2816.0 | 149.2 |
| 7 | Bank of America | Charlotte | Banking, financial services | 92.2 | 16.6 | 2196.8 | 231.9 |
| 8 | Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 113.1 | 24.9 | 2611.5 | 141.3 |
| 9 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computing | 217.5 | 45.2 | 331.1 | 752.0 |
| 10 | Toyota Motor | Toyota | Automotive | 249.9 | 17.1 | 412.5 | 171.9 |
2016 list
editIn 2016, the ten largest companies as calculated by this method were:[13]
| Rank | Company | Headquarters | Industry | Sales (billion $) |
Profits (billion $) |
Assets (billion $) |
Market value (billion $) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Industrial and Commercial Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 171.1 | 44.2 | 3,420.2 | 198 |
| 2 | China Construction Bank | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 146.8 | 36.4 | 2,826 | 162.8 |
| 3 | Citigroup | New York City | Banking, financial services | 131.9 | 28.8 | 2,739.8 | 152.7 |
| 4 | Berkshire Hathaway | Omaha | Conglomerate | 210.8 | 24.1 | 561.1 | 360.1 |
| 5 | JPMorgan Chase | New York City | Banking, financial services | 99.9 | 23.5 | 2,423.8 | 234.2 |
| 6 | Bank of China | Beijing | Banking, financial services | 122 | 27.2 | 2,589.6 | 143 |
| 7 | Wells Fargo | San Francisco | Banking, financial services | 91.4 | 22.7 | 1,849.2 | 256 |
| 8 | Apple Inc. | Cupertino | Computing | 233.3 | 53.7 | 293.3 | 586 |
| 9 | ExxonMobil | Irving | Oil and gas | 236.8 | 16.2 | 336.8 | 363.3 |
| 10 | Toyota Motor | Toyota | Automotive | 235.8 | 19.3 | 406.7 | 177 |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Andrea Murphy (6 May 2015). 2015 Global 2000: Methodology. Forbes. Accessed December 2015.
- ^ Tucker, Hank; Murphy, Andrea (8 June 2023). "Inside The Global 2000: JPMorgan Is Again The World's Largest Company As Berkshire Hathaway Falls". Forbes. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Tucker, Hank; Murphy, Andrea (8 June 2023). "The Full List of Forbes Global 2000 in 2023". Forbes. Archived from the original on 7 August 2023. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Murphy, Andrea; Tucker, Hank (8 June 2023). "2023 The Global 2000". Forbes. Archived from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ Mason, Emily (8 June 2023). "The World's Largest Banks 2023: JPMorgan Chase Takes Top Spot Overall As Five Banks Crack Top Ten Of Forbes' Global 2000". Forbes. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ Ponciano, Jonathan (8 June 2023). "The World's Largest Technology Companies In 2023: A New Leader Emerges". Forbes. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
- ^ Murphy, Andrea; Contreras, Isabel (2022-05-12). "The Global 2000 2022". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2022-05-21. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
- ^ "The Global 2000 2021". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-10-06. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
- ^ "Global 2000 – The World's Largest Public Companies 2020". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2011-08-21. Retrieved 2020-05-13.
- ^ "Global 2000: The World's Largest Public Companies". Forbes.com. 2019-05-15. Retrieved 2019-06-03.
- ^ Stoller, Kristin (June 6, 2018). "Global 2000: The World's Largest Public Companies 2018". Forbes. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- ^ "The World's Largest Public Companies 2017". Forbes.com. Retrieved November 23, 2018.
- ^ "The World's Largest Companies 2016". Forbes.com. Retrieved November 23, 2018.