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Odiorne Point State Park

(Redirected from Fort Dearborn (New Hampshire))

Odiorne Point State Park is a public recreation area located on the Atlantic seacoast in the town of Rye near Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in the United States. Among the park's features are the Seacoast Science Center and the remains of the World War II Fort Dearborn. The park offers opportunities for hiking, cycling, picnicking, fishing, and boating.[4][5]

Odiorne Point State Park
The Seacoast Science Center
at Odiorne Point State Park
Map showing the location of Odiorne Point State Park
Map showing the location of Odiorne Point State Park
Location in New Hampshire
LocationRye, Rockingham County, New Hampshire, United States
Coordinates43°02′37″N 70°42′52″W / 43.04361°N 70.71444°W / 43.04361; -70.71444
Area333.7 acres (135.0 ha)[1]
Elevation10 feet (3.0 m)[2]
DesignationNew Hampshire state park
Established1961 (purchased); 1972 (opened)[3]
AdministratorNew Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation
WebsiteOdiorne Point State Park
16-inch casemated gun, similar to those at Fort Dearborn
6-inch gun at Fort Columbia State Park, Washington state, similar to Battery 204

History

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The Council for New England issued a grant of 6,000 acres (24 km2) and one island to David Thompson on 16 October 1622. Thompson transferred one quarter of this land to investors who equipped the ship Jonathan to sail from Plymouth carrying Thompson and several other men to establish a settlement in the Piscataqua River estuary. Odiorne Point was included in the land selected in the Spring of 1623. Their fortified settlement known as Piscataqua became a rendezvous point for early settlers of the Gulf of Maine.[6]

Odiorne Point is the site of one of the Sunken Forests of New Hampshire.[7] The point got its name from the Odiorne family, who settled on the land in the mid-1660s.[8] The park is the site of the former Pannaway Plantation, the location of the first European settlement in New Hampshire, and is commemorated by a memorial in the park.[9]

The park was the site of Fort Dearborn from 1942 to 1947. In 1961, the Federal government transferred 137 acres of the fort to the State for $91,000 with the restriction that the land be used for public recreation. Although little maintenance or improvement was done in the next ten years, once picnic areas and restroom facilities were constructed, the park opened in July 1972.[3]

Seacoast Science Center

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The Seacoast Science Center is the primary facility in Odiorne Point State Park. Exhibits include aquariums, touch tanks, and whale skeletons. There is also a marine mammal rescue center. Indoor and outdoor programs on marine life and conservation are offered for school groups, families, adults, children, and other groups. The center also has environmental day camps up to 8th grade.[5]

Fort Dearborn

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For other uses, see Fort Dearborn (disambiguation).

Prior to 1942, the site of the park was private, expensive oceanfront land. In 1942, during World War II, the site was condemned and purchased by the United States government for the construction of Fort Dearborn as part of an across-the-board modernization of US coast defenses. In 1961 the site was ceded to the state of New Hampshire; the previous owners were not given the opportunity to re-purchase the land.[10]

The fort was named for Henry Dearborn, a major-general in the Revolutionary War and later Commanding General of the United States Army and Secretary of War.[11] The fort was part of the Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, along with Fort Stark, Fort Constitution, and Fort Foster. In 1940-1944 the Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth were garrisoned by the 22nd Coast Artillery Regiment. The first battery at Fort Dearborn was called Battery Dearborn, and consisted of four 155 mm towed guns on "Panama mounts", which were circular concrete platforms. The platforms remain today.[10][12]

Fort Dearborn was primarily acquired to build a battery of two 16-inch (406 mm) Mark IIMI ex-Navy guns, heavily protected by concrete and earth casemates. This was completed and test-fired in June 1944, and eventually superseded all other heavy guns in the Harbor Defenses of Portsmouth. It was initially called Battery 103 and later named Battery Seaman in honor of Colonel Claudius M. Seaman.[10] The battery remains today. A Plotting, Switchboard, and Radio (PSR) bunker housing a plotting room as part of the Coast Artillery fire control system is to the west of Battery 103. A companion battery, Battery 204, consisted of two 6-inch (152 mm) M1 guns in shielded barbette mounts with a large bunker between them containing magazines and fire control facilities.[11] This was also completed and test-fired in June 1944.[10] The battery is near the Seacoast Science Center, and today has several 16-inch shells displayed. A similar 6-inch battery (Battery 205) was built at Fort Foster but not armed.[12] Near Fort Dearborn at Pulpit Rock, short-range defense was provided by Anti-Motor Torpedo Boat Battery (AMTB) 951, consisting of four 90 mm guns, two on fixed mounts and two on towed mounts.[10] A similar 90 mm battery, AMTB 952, was built at Fort Foster, and AMTB 953 was planned for Fort Stark but never built.[13]

In 1948 Fort Dearborn was deactivated and all guns were scrapped.[10] The Pulpit Rock Base-End Station (N. 142), just outside of the park's southern boundary, is on the National Register of Historic Places, no. 10000188.[14]

Rye Air Force Station

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Main article: Rye Air Force Station

Part of Fort Dearborn was used as a radar station by the United States Air Force beginning in 1949, and in 1955 this became the Rye Air Force Station. This was an Air Defense Command radar site that also supported the nearby Pease Air Force Base of the Strategic Air Command. In 1957-59 Rye AFS was deactivated, but an unmanned "gap filler" radar remained active until 1968. Nothing remains of the Air Force installations.[10]

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    Juvenile humpback whale skeleton, inside the Seacoast Science Center
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    EDALHAB, an underwater habitat used for saturation diving experiments in Lake Winnipesaukee in the late 1960s, now located outside the Seacoast Science Center.[15][16][17] Battery 204, a former 6-inch gun battery, is in the background.
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    Memorial to the landing of the first English settlers at Odiorne Point
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    16-inch shells at a 6-inch gun emplacement, Battery 204, Fort Dearborn, near the Seacoast Science Center
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    16-inch gun emplacement, Battery Seaman, Fort Dearborn
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    Tidal pools along the coast

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "State Lands" (PDF). New Hampshire Department of Resources and Economic Development. July 2007. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  2. ^ "Odiorne Point State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.
  3. ^ a b Lisa Mausolf, Preservation Consultant (March 2019). "New Hampshire State Parks: Mid-Century Modern (1945-1975): Historic Context Study" (PDF). New Hampshire Division of Parks and Recreation. p. 41. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  4. ^ Odiorne Point State Park (official website)
  5. ^ a b Seacoast Science Center (official website)
  6. ^ Anderson, Robert Charles (2024). "1623". American Ancestors. 25 (3). American Ancestors: 40–45.
  7. ^ Beth Daly (December 4, 2005). "Scientists find evidence of ancient forest". Boston Globe. The New York Times Company. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  8. ^ Noyes, Libby & Davis (1928-39). Genealogical Dictionary of Maine & New Hampshire. Portland, ME: Genealogical Publishing Co.
  9. ^ Charles W. Brewster. "Old Pannaway:First NH Settlement". SeacoastNH.com. Retrieved 2008-08-01.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g Fort Dearborn at NorthAmericanForts.com
  11. ^ a b Fort Dearborn at FortWiki.com
  12. ^ a b Berhow, p. 205
  13. ^ Fort Stark at NorthAmericanForts.com
  14. ^ National Register of Historic Places asset detail web page
  15. ^ EDALHAB archives at the University of New Hampshire
  16. ^ Artist's concept of EDALHAB in operation with support vessel Lulu
  17. ^ High, W. L.; Ellis, I. E.; Schroeder, W. W.; Loverich, G. (1973). "Evaluation of the undersea habitats - Tektite II, Hydro-Lab, and Edalhab - for scientific saturation diving programs". Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen. 24 (1–4): 16–44. doi:10.1007/BF01609497.
  • Berhow, Mark A., ed. (2015). American Seacoast Defenses, A Reference Guide (Third ed.). McLean, Virginia: CDSG Press. ISBN 978-0-9748167-3-9.
  • Lewis, Emanuel Raymond (1979). Seacoast Fortifications of the United States. Annapolis: Leeward Publications. ISBN 978-0-929521-11-4.
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