The GE-200 series was a family of small mainframe computers of the 1960s, built by General Electric (GE). GE marketing called the line Compatibles/200[1] (GE-205/215/225/235).[2] The GE-210 of 1960[3] was not compatible with the rest of the 200 series.[4]
200 series models
editThe main machine in the line was the GE-225 (1961).[5][3] It used a 20-bit word, of which 13 bits could be used for an address. Along with the basic central processing unit (CPU) the system could also have had a floating-point unit (the "Auxiliary Arithmetic Unit"), or a fixed-point decimal option with three six-bit decimal digits per word. It had eleven I/O channel controllers, and GE sold a variety of add-ons including disks, printers, and other devices. The machines were built using discrete transistors, with a typical machine containing about 10,000 transistors and 20,000 diodes. They used magnetic-core memory, and a standard 8 kiloword system held 186,000 magnetic cores. They weighed about 2,000 pounds (1.0 short ton; 910 kg).[6][7]
The GE-215 (1963)[3][8] was a scaled-down version of the GE-225, including only six I/O channels and only 4 kilowords or 8 kilowords of core.
The GE-205 (1964).[2]
The GE-235 (1964)[3] was a re-implementation of the GE-225 with three times faster memory than the original.[9] The GE-235 consisted of several major components and options:
- Central processor
- 400 card-per-minute (CPM) or 1000 CPM card reader
- 100 CPM card punch or 300 CPM card punch
- Perforated tape subsystem
- Magnetic tape subsystem
- 12-pocket high-speed document handler
- On-line high-speed printer or off/on-line speed printer
- Disc storage unit
- Auxiliary Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- DATANET data communications equipment
Background
editThe series was designed by a team led by Homer R. “Barney” Oldfield, and which included Arnold Spielberg (father of film director Steven Spielberg). GE chairman Ralph J. Cordiner had forbidden GE from entering the general purpose computer business, rejecting several proposals by Oldfield by simply writing "No" across them and sending them back. Oldfield, somewhat deceptively, claimed that the GE-200 series would be industrial control computers. By the time Cordiner found out otherwise, it was too late and the machine was in production; Cordiner fired Oldfield at the product rollout. Even though the machine was selling well, Cordiner ordered that GE leave the computer business within 18 months (it actually took several years).[10][11]
DTSS
editThrough the early 1960s GE worked with Dartmouth College on the development of a time-sharing operating system, which would later go on to become the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS). The system was constructed by attaching a number of teletypewriters to a smaller GE machine called the DATANET-30 (DN-30), which was a small computer that had evolved from an earlier process-control machine.
DTSS actually ran on the DN-30. The DN-30 accepted commands one at a time from the terminals connected to it, and then ran their requested programs on the GE-235. The GE-235 had no idea it was not running in batch mode, and the illusion of multitasking was being maintained externally.
In 1965 GE started packaging the DN-30 and GE-235 systems together as the GE-265. The GE-265 achieved fame not only for being the first commercially successful time-sharing system, but it was also the machine on which the BASIC programming language was first created.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ General Electric Computers (1965). DATANET-30 Programming Reference Manual (PDF). p. I-5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2017-10-23.
- ^ a b "General Electric Company (GE) | Selling the Computer Revolution | Computer History Museum". www.computerhistory.org. "The GE-205 Information Processing System Proved Hardware and Software... Available Now!", p. 3. 1964. Retrieved 2018-03-03.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c d Report to the President on the management of automatic data processing in the Federal Government. Washington, Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget. 1965. pp. 29–30. hdl:2027/pur1.32754081231411.
- ^ ge :: history :: GE Computer History 1950s. 1964-04-16. p. 47.
- ^ Boutell, Wayne S. (1965). Auditing with the Computer. University of California Press. p. 26 – via Google Books.
- ^ Weik, Martin H. (Jan 1964). "GE 225". ed-thelen.org. A Fourth Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems.
Central Processor and Control Console (with 4K or 8K memory, typewriter, and card reader)
- ^ "GE-2xx documents". www.bitsavers.org. CPB-267_GE-235-SystemManual_1963.pdf, p. 1 (95).
- ^ "Across the editor's desk: COMPUTING AND DATA PROCESSING NEWSLETTER - NEW PRODUCTS - Digital - SECOND IN FAMILY OF GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPUTER" (PDF). Computers and Automation. XII (3): 42. Mar 1963. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2020-09-05.
- ^ GE-235 Central Processor Reference Manual. General Electric. March 1964. CPB-374.
- ^ GE Reports staff (30 April 2015). "It's BASIC: Arnold Spielberg and the Birth of Personal Computing". GE Reports. General Electric Company. Archived from the original on 3 May 2015. Retrieved 2 May 2015.
- ^ "Arnold Spielberg, Father of Steven Spielberg, Dead at 103". Entertainment Tonight. Retrieved 2020-09-08.
As a computer designer and engineer, Arnold worked on and helped design the groundbreaking GE-225 mainframe computer in 1960, which would go on to form the basis for the coding tools that would pave the way for personal computing.