Gaillardia pulchella (firewheel, Indian blanket, Indian blanketflower, or sundance) is a North American species of short-lived perennial or annual flowering plants in the sunflower family.[3][4][5][6][7][8]
| Gaillardia pulchella | |
|---|---|
| |
| Indian blanket inflorescence | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Gaillardia |
| Species: | G. pulchella
|
| Binomial name | |
| Gaillardia pulchella | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Synonymy
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Description
editThe branching stem of G. pulchella is hairy and upright, growing to 60 centimetres (24 inches) tall.[9] The leaves are alternate, mostly basal, 4–8 cm (1+5⁄8–3+1⁄8 in) long, with edges smooth to coarsely toothed or lobed. It has a hairy stem, simple or branched near the base, where the leaves are essentially located towards the bottom of the plant.
The pinwheel, daisy-like inflorescences are 4–6.5 cm in diameter,[9] vividly colored with red, orange and yellow and is surrounded by 10 to 20 ray florets up to 2 cm;[9] the ligule has three lobes. The central disc florets of the flower head tend to be more red-violet, with the outer ray florets being yellow. In one variety, almost the entire flower is red, with only the barest tips of the petals touched with yellow. It typically blooms from May to July,[9] but does so practically year-round in some areas.
The fruit is an achene, almost pyramidal, hairy, and prolonged by a pappus 5 to 8 millimetres (3⁄16 to 5⁄16 in) in length.[10][11]
Distribution and habitat
editIt is native to northern Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas) and the southern and central United States from Arizona east to Florida and the Carolinas and north as far as Nebraska.[12] It is also naturalized in scattered locations in other parts of the U.S. as well as in Québec, Ontario,[9] China, South Africa, and parts of Central and South America.[citation needed] The plant generally lives in the sandy plains and deserts of the south of the North American continent. It is common along the roads and prefers sandy soils. It can also grow on vacant lots in urban areas, but generally below 1,000 metres (3,300 feet) above sea level.[13]
The flower has also been introduced to the Penghu (Pescadores) Islands in Taiwan, where it is the County Flower of Penghu County. It is called tiānrén jú (天人菊; "tianren daisy") in Chinese.[14]
Ecology
editThe plant is a larval host to the bordered patch butterfly (Chlosyne lacinia) and the painted schinia moth (Schinia volupia), which feed upon its foliage.[15]
Cultivation
editG. pulchella is a hardy plant, not picky about soil, though sandy and well-drained are best. It has a high drought tolerance and does best with a dry, hot climate in full sun. Its vibrantly colored flowers can be seen carpeting fields and the sides of highways for miles in the summer to late fall. Favored by honeybees, it produces a dark reddish amber buttery tasting honey. In the garden, the flowers can be deadheaded to promote further blooming. It self-seeds freely.
Cultivars
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Gaillardia pulchella (with the perennial Gaillardia aristata) is the parent of Gaillardia × grandiflora, a hybrid, from which several cultivars have been created. One of these is 'Sundance Bicolor', a perennial double-form with the flower heads having florets of alternating red and yellow. Because of its bright colors, it is well adapted in the sun. Others are 'Goblin' and 'Tangerine'.[16][17]
Culture
editIt is the state wildflower of Oklahoma.
Gallery
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Entire plant -
Side view of flowers -
Flower close-up -
Lighter seedhead -
Darker seedhead
References
edit- ^ NatureServe (4 August 2023). "Gaillardia pulchella". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
- ^ "Gaillardia pulchella Foug. — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
- ^ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100
- ^ Jørgensen, P. M., M. H. Nee & S. G. Beck. (eds.) 2014. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia, Monographs in systematic botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127(1–2): i–viii, 1–1744
- ^ Nelson, C. H. 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Honduras 1–1576. Secretaria de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente, Tegucigalpa
- ^ Gibbs Russell, G. E., W. G. M. Welman, E. Retief, K. L. Immelman, G. Germishuizen, B. J. Pienaar, M. Van Wyk & A. Nicholas. 1987. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa 2(1–2): 1–152(pt. 1), 1–270(pt. 2).
- ^ "Gaillardia pulchella in Flora of China @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
- ^ NRCS. "Gaillardia pulchella". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
- ^ a b c d e Spellenberg, Richard (2001) [1979]. National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers: Western Region (rev ed.). Knopf. pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
- ^ "Gaillardia pulchella in Flora of North America @ efloras.org". www.efloras.org.
- ^ "Gaillardia pulchella". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
- ^ "Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map".
- ^ MacMahon JA (1997) Deserts, National Audubon Society Nature Guides, AA Knopf Inc. ISBN 0-394-73139-5
- ^ "Penghu County Flower". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03.
- ^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
- ^ "Gaillardia pulchella 'Sundance Bicolor'". www.colostate.edu. Archived from the original on 2003-09-12.
- ^ "Seeds and More: Gaillardia 'Sundance Bicolor'". Archived from the original on 2009-05-07.
External links
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- Image Archive of Central Texas Plants
- Ajilvsgi, Geyata. Wildflowers of Texas. Shearer Publishing, revised edition 2003. ISBN 0-940672-73-1
- Floridata: Gaillardia pulchella
- Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Indian Blanket Archived 2010-10-18 at the Wayback Machine