George Frederick Gair CMG QSO (13 October 1926 – 17 August 2015) was a New Zealand politician. He was once deputy leader of the National Party in the New Zealand Parliament, and was considered by many to be a possible contender for the leadership itself. He was known for his polite and diplomatic style, which often contrasted with the political situation around him – Michael Laws described him as "a refugee from the age of manners."
George Gair | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 3rd Mayor of North Shore City | |
| In office 14 October 1995 – 10 October 1998 | |
| Preceded by | Paul Titchener |
| Succeeded by | George Wood |
| 19th High Commissioner of New Zealand to the United Kingdom | |
| In office 3 June 1991 – April 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Bryce Harland |
| Succeeded by | John Collinge |
| 12th Minister of Transport | |
| In office 11 December 1981 – 26 July 1984 | |
| Prime Minister | Robert Muldoon |
| Preceded by | Colin McLachlan |
| Succeeded by | Richard Prebble |
| 25th Minister of Health | |
| In office 13 December 1978 – 11 December 1981 | |
| Prime Minister | Robert Muldoon |
| Preceded by | Frank Gill |
| Succeeded by | Aussie Malcolm |
| 3rd Minister of Energy | |
| In office 8 March 1977 – 13 December 1978 | |
| Prime Minister | Robert Muldoon |
| Preceded by | Eric Holland |
| Succeeded by | Bill Birch |
| 11th Minister of Housing | |
| In office 12 December 1975 – 8 March 1977 | |
| Prime Minister | Robert Muldoon |
| Preceded by | Roger Douglas |
| Succeeded by | Eric Holland |
| 43rd Minister of Customs | |
| In office 9 February 1972 – 8 December 1972 | |
| Prime Minister | Jack Marshall |
| Preceded by | Lance Adams-Schneider |
| Succeeded by | Mick Connelly |
| Member of the New Zealand Parliament for North Shore | |
| In office 26 November 1966 – 27 October 1990 | |
| Preceded by | Dean Eyre |
| Succeeded by | Bruce Cliffe |
| Personal details | |
| Born | George Frederick Gair 13 October 1926 Dunedin, New Zealand |
| Died | 17 August 2015 (aged 88) Auckland, New Zealand |
| Political party | National |
| Spouse | Esther Mary Fay Levy |
| Relations | Joanne Gair (daughter) |
| Alma mater | Victoria University University of Auckland |
| Occupation | Journalist |
Early life and family
editGair was born in Dunedin, but moved to Wellington when young. He was a graduate of Victoria University and University of Auckland. He worked as a journalist at The New Zealand Herald from 1945 to 1947 then travelled to Japan before moving to Melbourne where he worked for The Sun News-Pictorial from 1949 to 1950 before returning to New Zealand after accepting a position at the Auckland Star between 1950 and 1952.[1] Gair married Esther Mary Fay Levy in about 1950, and the couple went on to have three children,[2][3] including make-up artist and body painter Joanne Gair.[4]
From 1952 to 1957 Gair was a public relations officer in Auckland. He also became involved in the organisational wing of the National Party, and briefly served on the parliamentary staff of Keith Holyoake from 1958 to 1960. From 1960 to 1966 he was the personal assistant to the general manager of Air New Zealand.[1]
Member of Parliament
edit| Years | Term | Electorate | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1966–1969 | 35th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1969–1972 | 36th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1972–1975 | 37th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1975–1978 | 38th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1978–1981 | 39th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1981–1984 | 40th | North Shore | National | ||
| 1984–1987 | 41st | North Shore | National | ||
| 1987–1990 | 42nd | North Shore | National | ||
He was an organiser for the National Party in the Onehunga and Roskill electorates. He then became the deputy chairman of National's Auckland division and a dominion councillor of the party.[1]
Gair first stood for the National Party nomination for the Remuera electorate in the 1966 election, losing the nomination to Allan Highet.[5][6] Gair then went across the bridge and contested and won the North Shore nomination from retiring National MP Dean Eyre. He was successful, and was elected to Parliament that year.[7] In 1969 he was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of Education and Science.[8]
Cabinet minister
editIn Parliament, Gair came to be regarded as a competent and diligent administrator. He briefly became Minister of Customs in 1972[9][10][8] at the end of the Second National government, but this was interrupted when National lost the 1972 election to the Labour Party under Norman Kirk. After National's defeat party leader Jack Marshall appointed Gair as Shadow Minister of Customs.[11] Gair had supported Marshall for the leadership and liked him on a personal level, however by early 1974 had come to the belief that National would have a better chance of winning the next election under the then deputy leader Robert Muldoon. In the lead up to a leadership spill Gair advised Marshall that Muldoon had the numbers to win which led Marshall to retire from the leadership and not contest the leadership ballot.[12] When Muldoon became leader he promoted Gair from 13th to 6th in the caucus rankings and switched him from Customs to Shadow Minister of Housing instead.[13]
When National was returned to power in the 1975 election, Gair was returned to cabinet in the Third National government. Between that time and National's defeat in the 1984 election, Gair held a number of challenging portfolios, including serving as Minister of Health and Minister of Social Welfare. He also served as Minister of Housing, Minister of Energy, Minister of Transport, Minister of Railways and a number of other roles.[14]
Political views
editGair also distinguished himself for some of his personal views. Gair, although a member of the country's main conservative party, generally adopted a "live and let live" approach to social and moral issues, rejecting what he saw as "intolerance" in some of his colleagues. These beliefs were especially noticeable when, in the late 1970s, Gair opposed measures to restrict abortion. Barry Gustafson, in his history of the National Party, called Gair "the most effective strategist of the parliamentary pro-abortion lobby".[15]
Gair's support of abortion earned him the hostility of many National Party colleagues, including that of the party's leader, Robert Muldoon. Muldoon was already somewhat distrustful of Gair, as Gair had occasionally been spoken of as an alternative party leader. The political styles of Muldoon and Gair were radically different – Muldoon had a reputation as being tough and confrontational, while Gair was seen as polite and diplomatic. Some members of the party who disliked Muldoon's "dictatorial" style saw Gair as a possible alternative.[15]
Colonels' Coup
editIn 1980, when a number of party dissidents began to plot against Muldoon's leadership, Gair was on the list of potential replacements.[16] However, Gair was regarded as too liberal to gain majority support within the party. The dissidents eventually decided to encourage Brian Talboys, the party's deputy leader, to make a leadership bid (now called the "Colonels' Coup"). Gair was not involved in planning this bid, but was supportive of it, and worked hard to convince Talboys that a challenge was a good idea. In the end, however, Talboys bailed out, and the coup collapsed without a vote ever being taken. Gair continued to advocate a challenge, but Talboys was adamant that preserving party unity was more important than curbing Muldoon's damaging leadership style. Later, after Talboys had retired from politics, Gair supported another Muldoon opponent, Derek Quigley, to replace Talboys as deputy leader.[17]
After National's defeat in 1984 Muldoon designated Gair Shadow Minister of Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation and Meteorological Services.[18] Gair, among others, wished for Muldoon to be replaced as leader as soon as possible. This pressure resulted in a scheduled leadership election being brought forward from February 1985 to November 1984 despite Muldoon's objections. Gair, alongside Jim McLay, Jim Bolger and Bill Birch, entered the race to replace Muldoon as leader. However both Birch and himself were to drop out of contention prior to the election being held (with Gair's support generally transferring to McLay and Birch's to Bolger). Ultimately McLay was successful.[19] Gair was appointed by McLay as Shadow Minister of Labour and Employment.[20]
In a surprise reshuffle in February 1986, Gair (along with Muldoon ally Bill Birch) were demoted considerably.[21] This was intended to make room for new, younger figures, who McLay hoped would "rejuvenate" the party. The move was highly damaging to McLay, however, as it placed both Gair and Birch directly in opposition to him. As two of the most experienced people in the National Party, the two were able to mobilise substantial support in favour of McLay's main rival, Jim Bolger.[22] Bolger quickly defeated McLay, and Gair himself took the position of deputy leader.[23] He was additionally given the coveted finance portfolio by Bolger.[24]
Deputy leader
editShortly after Gair became deputy leader, he found himself at odds with a number of his colleagues once again. The Homosexual Law Reform Bill, a private bill by Labour's Fran Wilde to lift restrictions on homosexuality, was being hotly debated. Gair was somewhat ambivalent towards the bill, believing that while change was "long overdue", certain aspects of the bill went too far. On 2 July 1986, Gair's vote blocked a motion of closure on the bill, which would have brought it to a vote – because of bad weather, a number of the bill's supporters were unable to be in Parliament that day, and since a few votes could potentially decide the fate of the bill, Gair believed it unfair to let the vote go ahead. Had he voted for closure, the bill would probably have been defeated, and many of the bill's opponents therefore blamed Gair for its subsequent success. One week later, when the vote actually occurred, it passed only by a narrow majority – Gair himself eventually voted in favour. Gair found the entire episode highly stressful, and spoke of his desire for reconciliation.[25][26]
Following National's loss at the 1987 election Gair was challenged for the position of deputy leader by Ruth Richardson. Rather than attempt to beat off the challenge, the genial Gair retired voluntarily and backed Bolger's preferred deputy Don McKinnon who narrowly defeated Richardson by a single vote to take his place as deputy leader.[27] Deciding to retire at the end of the term, Gair opted to sit on the backbench. Bolger designated him as spokesperson for accident compensation.[28]
Diplomatic career
editGair retired from Parliament at the 1990 election. He later served as the High Commissioner to London. He lived in Northcross on the North Shore.[29]
Mayor of North Shore City
editGair served as the 3rd Mayor of North Shore City from 1995 until 1998, defeating incumbent Paul Titchener.[30]
Later life and death
editIn 2010 Gair completed a master's degree at Auckland University of Technology, with a thesis on managing change as a minister of the Crown supervised by Marilyn Waring and Grant Gillon.[31][32] Gair died on 17 August 2015.[2] His wife, Fay Gair, died in 2018.[3]
Honours and awards
editIn the 1988 Queen's Birthday Honours, Gair was made a Companion of the Queen's Service Order for public services.[33] In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George.[34]
Notes
edit- ^ a b c Gustafson 1986, p. 312.
- ^ a b Jones, Nicholas (19 August 2015). "PM pays tribute to former MP and North Shore mayor George Gair". The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ a b "Fay Gair death notice". The New Zealand Herald. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
- ^ Gair, Joanne (14 October 2006). "Big Cat Top Model". Archived from the original on 15 May 2010. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ "14 Seeking Remuera". The Press. Vol. CV, no. 31029. 7 April 1966. p. 3.
- ^ "Candidate For Remuera". The Press. Vol. CV, no. 31048. 2 May 1966. p. 15.
- ^ "Members of the House of Representatives Elected-General Election" (15 January 1970) 1 New Zealand Gazette 1 at 24.
- ^ a b Wilson 1985, p. 91.
- ^ "Ministers Appointed" (9 February 1972) 12 New Zealand Gazette 253 at 254.
- ^ "Members of the Executive Council Appointed" (9 February 1972) 12 New Zealand Gazette 253.
- ^ "Marshall lines up his men". Auckland Star. 2 February 1973. p. 2.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 114-5.
- ^ "National lists "alternative Government"". Auckland Star. 11 July 1974. p. 1.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 94.
- ^ a b Gustafson 1986, p. 134.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 138.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 142.
- ^ "Line-up For Opposition". The New Zealand Herald. 28 July 1984. p. 5.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 156-8.
- ^ "National shadow cabinet named". The Evening Post. 29 January 1985. p. 1.
- ^ Garnier, Tony (11 February 1986). "Muldoon main loser in Nat line-up". The Evening Post. p. 3.
- ^ Gustafson 1986, p. 164.
- ^ "Gair climbs leadership ladder". The Dominion. 27 March 1986. p. 2.
- ^ "National's 'Front Bench' Line-up". The New Zealand Herald. 8 April 1986. p. 5.
- ^ "A Chronicle of Homosexuality in New Zealand". Gay NZ. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ "The Night the Bill was Passed". Gay NZ. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ Grafton, Tim (10 September 1987). "National Picks McKinnon – Bolger's deputy the 'safe option'". The Evening Post. p. 1.
- ^ "National Party's new parliamentary line-up". The New Zealand Herald. 12 February 1990. p. 5.
- ^ Gair, George (8 June 2009). "Submission to the Associate Minister of Local Government" (PDF). New Zealand Parliament. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 29 March 2010.
- ^ "Gair facing new job with gusto". The New Zealand Herald. 16 October 1995. pp. sec.1, p.3.
- ^ HONEYBONE, LISA (2 August 2010). "Former mayor graduates". Stuff. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
- ^ Gair, George (2010). Managing change as a Minister of the Crown (Masters thesis). Tuwhera Open Access, Auckland University of Technology. hdl:10292/936.
- ^ "No. 51367". The London Gazette (3rd supplement). 11 June 1988. p. 35.
- ^ "No. 53697". The London Gazette (2nd supplement). 11 June 1994. p. 33.
References
edit
- Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen. ISBN 0-474-00177-6.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.