The Goethals Bridge (/ˈɡɒθəlz/) is the name of a pair of cable-stayed bridge spans connecting Elizabeth, New Jersey, to Staten Island, New York, in the United States. The spans cross a strait known as Arthur Kill, and replaced a cantilever bridge span built in 1928. The bridge is operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
Goethals Bridge | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of the Goethals Bridge (top left) with the Arthur Kill Vertical Lift Bridge at bottom right | |
| Coordinates | 40°38′08″N 74°11′50″W / 40.63556°N 74.19722°W |
| Carries | 6 lanes of  I-278 |
| Crosses | Arthur Kill |
| Locale | Elizabeth, New Jersey and Howland Hook, Staten Island, New York, United States |
| Maintained by | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey |
| ID number | 3800072 |
| Characteristics | |
| Design | Cantilever bridge (Original) dual-span cable-stayed twin bridge (New span) |
| Total length | 7,109 ft (2,167 m)[1] |
| Width | 62 ft (19 m)[1] |
| Longest span | 672 ft (205 m)[1] |
| Clearance above | 14 ft (4.3 m) |
| Clearance below | 140 ft (43 m)[1] |
| History | |
| Construction cost | $1,250,000,000 (replacement span)[2] |
| Opened | June 10, 2017 (new eastbound span) May 21, 2018 (new westbound span) |
| Statistics | |
| Daily traffic | 82,852 (2016)[3] |
| Toll | (Eastbound only) As of January 7, 2024:
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| Location | |
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The New Jersey side is about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south of Newark Liberty International Airport. The bridge and its predecessor are named for Major General George Washington Goethals, who supervised construction of the Panama Canal and was the first consulting engineer of the Port Authority.
The eastbound span opened on June 10, 2017, at which time the original span was closed. The old cantilever span was dismantled in January 2018 and the new westbound span opened on May 21, 2018.
Original bridge
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The original Goethals bridge was a four lane steel truss cantilever design by John Alexander Low Waddell, who also designed the nearby Outerbridge Crossing. It had a 672 ft (205 m) long central span, was 7,109 feet (2,167 m) long, 62 feet (19 m) wide, and had a vertical clearance of 135 feet (41 m).[4]
Planning for a new bridge
editStarting in 1985, the Port Authority looked at 27 different alternatives to add capacity between Staten Island and New Jersey. By 1990, senior executives decided that the best way to accommodate growth was to build a new span, parallel to the existing Goethals Bridge. In October 1997, the Port Authority issued a final environmental impact statement, but by that time Staten Island officials had lined up against the project, citing the potential for increased traffic through their borough.[5]
A Port Authority study initiated in 2001 suggested that the optimal solution was an entirely new span.[5] The choosing of a full replacement option was followed by the submittal of several design alternatives, alongside a "no build" option. The new bridge design, upon the completion of the westbound span, also included additional lanes of traffic, high-speed E-ZPass lanes, and a reconstruction and widening of Interstate 278 from exit 4 in New York (NY 440 south) to Route 439 in New Jersey. The span was demolished starting in January 2018, after the opening of the replacement bridges.[6]
New bridge
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The initial alternatives put forth in mid-2006 included the option of twin three-lane replacement bridges north and south of the original alignment, which was eliminated; and twin three-lane replacement bridges (one south, and one along the original alignment), with the latter being built after the demolition of the original bridge, which was refined to be a single-span bridge instead of twin bridges. The twin-bridge alternative was dropped because of a height restriction set up by the FAA to prevent interferences with flights at Newark Liberty International Airport. The Goethals Bridge towers were not to exceed 272 feet in height and required to slant outwards because of aircraft flight patterns. This would also prevent ice from falling onto the roadway during winter months.[7] Public open houses were held in Staten Island and Elizabeth, and the Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) was issued. Formal public hearings on the DEIS were held in July 2009.[8]
All alternatives proposed that the bridge be single level, cable-stayed, double spans, separated by towers with a height of 135 feet (41 m) above the high-water mark of the Arthur Kill shipping channel. The 900 ft (270 m) main span[7] of each bridge holds three 12 ft (3.7 m) lanes with a 12 ft (3.7 m) outer shoulder and 5 ft (1.5 m) inner shoulder. The westbound span features a new 10 ft (3.0 m) walkway for pedestrians and cyclists. In addition, permanent access roads would be built under the bridge on land for maintenance, security, and construction purposes.[9] Lastly, space would be left in between the two bridges to accommodate potential mass-transit services.[10][11] For mass transit, studies indicated that a bus-only lane was not economically viable but that a high-occupancy vehicle lane open to buses as well as high-occupancy autos would be appropriate during rush hours if traffic supported it. Provision for rail transit was rejected; however, planners decided that whatever alternative was constructed, the design and structural integrity should ideally be able to be retrofitted for such at a later date. The suggestion for a freight rail connection was dismissed as uneconomical.[12]
Also as part of the construction, improvements to approaches and nearby interchanges were made. These include the New Jersey Turnpike exit 13 toll plaza, the Staten Island toll plaza, and the Interstate 278/NY 440 interchange. In addition, while separate from the bridge replacement project, the New Jersey Department of Transportation may construct full movements at the Interstate 278/U.S. Route 1/9 junction to coincide with the bridge's replacement.[13]
On April 24, 2013, the Port Authority approved the $1.5-billion Goethals Bridge Project[7] for preliminary funding, and broke ground in May 2014.[14] The old bridge was closed on June 9, 2017, with eastbound traffic using the new eastbound bridge starting on June 10[15] and westbound traffic opening the next day.[16] Initially, the new eastbound span carried 2 lanes of traffic in each direction, with each lane 11 feet wide until the new westbound span is complete. Once completed, the new westbound span would restore pedestrian and bicycle access.[17][11] Westbound traffic was shifted from the new eastbound span to the newly opened westbound span on May 21, 2018.[18][19] The bikeway and pedestrian walkway was set to open by mid-2018[20] but was then pushed back to an undetermined date.[21] The bike path and pedestrian walkway finally opened on March 4, 2020.[22]
The Goethals Bridge Replacement Project was given several prestigious awards upon its completion. In the highway/bridge category, the project won an ENR New York Best Projects and the Excellence in safety award, and it received the ENR New York's Project of the Year for 2018.[7]
Tolls
editTolls are only collected for eastbound traffic. As of January 7, 2024[update], the tolls-by-mail rate going from New Jersey to New York City is $17.63 for cars and motorcycles. New Jersey and New York–issued E-ZPass users are charged $13.38 for cars and $12.38 for motorcycles during off-peak hours, and $15.38 for cars and $14.38 for motorcycles during peak hours. Frequent users traveling more than three trips per month can receive discounts under the "Staten Island Bridges Plan" ($7.69 per trip for cars at all times). Users with E-ZPass issued from agencies outside of New Jersey and New York are charged the tolls-by-mail rate.[23]
Originally, tolls were collected in both directions. In August 1970, the toll was abolished for westbound drivers, and at the same time, eastbound drivers saw their tolls doubled. The tolls of eleven other New York–New Jersey and Hudson River crossings along a 130-mile (210 km) stretch, from the Outerbridge Crossing in the south to the Rip Van Winkle Bridge in the north, were also changed to south- or eastbound-only at that time.[24]
Open-road cashless tolling began on September 4, 2019. The tollbooths were dismantled, and drivers are no longer able to pay cash at the bridge. Instead, there are cameras mounted onto new overhead gantries located on the Staten Island side. A vehicle without E-ZPass has a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll is mailed to its owner. For E-ZPass users, sensors detect their transponders wirelessly.[25][26]
See also
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References
edit- ^ a b c d "Facts & Info - Goethals Bridge". Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
- ^ Smisek, Peter (March 14, 2019). "Replacing New York's Goethals Bridge". The B1M. Archived from the original on March 8, 2023. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
- ^ "New York City Bridge Traffic Volumes" (PDF). New York City Department of Transportation. 2016. p. 11. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved March 16, 2018.
- ^ Jackson, Kenneth T., ed. (1995). The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 471. ISBN 0300055366.
- ^ a b Plotch, Philip (2023). Mobilizing the Metropolis: How the Port Authority Built New York. University of Michigan Press. pp. 194–201. ISBN 978-0472056132.
- ^ "Time-lapse video shows dismantling of local bridge". WABC-TV. January 20, 2018. Archived from the original on June 13, 2018. Retrieved June 13, 2018.
- ^ a b c d Stabile, Tom (September 27, 2018). "Goethals Bridge: ENR New York's Project of the Year". www.enr.com. Engineering News-Record. Archived from the original on September 23, 2020. Retrieved September 28, 2020.
- ^ "Draft EIS Published". Archived from the original on December 7, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
- ^ "Refinement of Alternatives for EIS Analysis" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
- ^ "Goethals Bridge Replacement". Archived from the original on December 2, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
- ^ a b Lore, Diane C. (June 10, 2017). "5 facts you need to know about the new Goethals Bridge". Staten Island Advance. Archived from the original on October 5, 2017. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
- ^ "New York State Assembly | Bill Search and Legislative Information". assembly.state.ny.us. Archived from the original on March 24, 2022. Retrieved April 11, 2020.
- ^ "Goethals Bridge Interchange Ramps – "Missing Links"". The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey: Bridges and Tunnels. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from the original on April 25, 2017. Retrieved April 27, 2017.
- ^ "An interactive map of planned developments in the next decade". June 2, 2014. Archived from the original on June 12, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
- ^ Fugallo, Nick (June 11, 2017). "First span of new Goethals Bridge opens". New York Post. Archived from the original on June 12, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ Porpora, Tracey (June 11, 2017). "Goethals Bridge now open in both directions". SILive.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
- ^ "Bridges and Tunnels". Archived from the original on November 1, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2012.
- ^ Grunlund, Maura (May 21, 2018). "First a.m. rush hour for new Goethals Bridge to New Jersey". SILive.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ^ "New Goethals Bridge Westbound Span Now Open". CBS New York. May 21, 2018. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ^ Bascome, Erik (May 21, 2018). "Goethals Bridge walkway/bikeway to open by end of summer". SILive.com. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 21, 2018.
- ^ Strunsky, Steve (November 10, 2018). "or bike - to Staten Island". nj.com. Archived from the original on May 30, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
- ^ Bascome, Erik (March 4, 2020). "First Staten Islander bikes across Goethals Bridge as shared-use path opens". silive. Archived from the original on October 22, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2020.
- ^ "Tolls". Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Archived from the original on March 1, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Moran, Nancy (August 13, 1970). "One-Way Tolls Confusing Some Drivers". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 27, 2020. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
- ^ Bascome, Erik (June 28, 2018). "Goethals, Outerbridge to get cashless tolling in 2019". silive.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
- ^ Bascome, Erik (March 15, 2019). "Cashless tolling for Outerbridge Crossing expected by end of April". silive.com. Archived from the original on March 21, 2019. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
External links
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