The Great Ejection followed the Act of Uniformity 1662 in England. Several thousand Puritan ministers were forced out of their positions in the Church of England following the Restoration of Charles II. It was a consequence (not necessarily an intended one) of the Savoy Conference of 1661.[1]
History
editThe Act of Uniformity prescribed that any minister who refused to conform to the 1662 Book of Common Prayer by St Bartholomew's Day (24 August) 1662 should be ejected from the Church of England. This date became known as "Black Bartholomew's Day" among Dissenters, a reference to the fact that it occurred on the same day as the 1572 St Bartholomew's Day massacre of French Protestants. Oliver Heywood estimated the number of ministers ejected at 2,500.[2] This included James Ashurst, Richard Baxter, Edmund Calamy the Elder, Simeon Ashe, Thomas Case, John Flavel, William Jenkyn, Joseph Caryl, Benjamin Needler, Thomas Brooks, Thomas Manton, William Sclater, Thomas Doolittle, and Thomas Watson. Biographical details of ejected ministers were later collected by the historian Edmund Calamy, grandson of Calamy the elder.
Although there had already been ministers outside the established church, the Great Ejection created an abiding concept of Nonconformity. Strict religious tests of the Clarendon Code and other Penal Laws left a substantial section of English society excluded from public affairs and university degrees for a century and a half.
Historiography
edit
The bicentennial in 1862 led to a sharp debate, with the Nonconformist agenda being questioned, and the account in Calamy being reviewed.[4]
Iain Murray argues that the issue was deeper than "phrases in the Book of Common Prayer and forms of church order," but regarded the "nature of true Christianity".[5]
The Memorial Hall on Albert Square, Manchester and the Congregational Memorial Hall in Farringdon Street, London, were built to commemorate the bicentennial of the Great Ejection.
Legacy
editThe Bishop of Liverpool, J. C. Ryle (1816–1900), referred to the Ejection as an "injury to the cause of true religion in England which will probably never be repaired".[6]
A Service of Reconciliation was held at Westminster Abbey on 7 February 2012 to mark the 350th anniversary of the Great Ejection. Rowan Williams, then Archbishop of Canterbury, preached at the service which was attended by clergy and laity of the Church of England and the United Reformed Church.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ William L. Sachs (4 July 2002), The Transformation of Anglicanism: From State Church to Global Communion, Cambridge University Press, pp. 11–12, ISBN 978-0-521-52661-6, retrieved 28 November 2012
- ^ . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- ^ Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 4. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Timothy Larsen (2004). Contested Christianity: The Political and Social Contexts of Victorian Theology. Baylor University Press. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-918954-93-0.
- ^ Murray, Iain (1962), "Sermons of the Great Ejection: Introduction", Banner of Truth Trust, 8, London
- ^ Ryle, J. C., History of the Later Puritans, p. 469
- ^ A Service of Reconciliation, Healing of Memories and Mutual Commitment for the Church of England and the United Reformed Church, Westminster Abbey, retrieved 1 February 2012
Further reading
edit- Calamy, Edmund (1713). An Account of the Ministers, Lecturers, Masters, and Fellows of Colleges and Schoolmasters: Who Were Ejected or Silenced After the Restoration in 1660, by or Before, the Act of Uniformity. ... London: Printed for J. Lawrence.
- Calamy, Edmund (1727). A Continuation of the Account of the Ministers, Lecturers, Masters and Fellows of Colleges, and Schoolmasters, Who Were Ejected and Silenced After the Restoration in 1660, by or Before the Act for Uniformity. London: Printed for R. Ford [etc.]. Volume I and Volume II.
- Gordon, Alexander (1917). Freedom After Ejection: A Review (1690–1692) of Presbyterian and Congregational Nonconformity in England and Wales. Historical Series No. XXX. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. See pages 191 to 392 for an annotated index containing the name of every person and place recorded in the manuscript. The index entry for each person contains a biography (written in the early 20th century) which, with the exception of a few very well known individuals, records much of what is known about the person.
- Seed, John (2005). "History and Narrative Identity: Religious Dissent and the Politics of Memory in Eighteenth-Century England". Journal of British Studies. 44 (1). Cambridge University Press: 46–63. doi:10.1086/424945. JSTOR 10.1086/424945. S2CID 146497251.