Gregory Tsamblak (Bulgarian: Григорий Цамблак; Greek: Γκρέγκορι Τζαμπλάκων; Romanian: Grigorie Țamblac; Serbian Cyrillic: Григорије Цамблак; Ukrainian: Григорій Цамблак; c. 1365 – c. 1420), member of the Tzamplakon family, was a writer and cleric active in Bulgaria, Moldavia, Serbia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Principality of Kiev.
Biography
editEarly life
editHe was born into the Tzamplakon family in the Bulgarian capital of Tarnovo around 1364/1365.[1]
Serbia
editDuring his sojourn in Serbia he wrote a biography of Stephen Uroš III, a hymn for the church service honoring Stefan of Dečani, and a report on the transfer of the remnants of Saint Paraskeva to Serbia, for which he also rewrote the service.[2]
Moldavia
editGrand Duchy of Lithuania
edit
In 1414, Grand Duke Vytautas attempted to re-establish the Metropolis of Lithuania. He arranged for a synod of bishops to elect Gregory as the Metropolitan of Lithuania.[3] The consecration took place without the consent of Patriarch Euthymius II of Constantinople who deposed and anathematized him and who confirmed the same in letters to Metropolitan Photius of Kiev, Emperor Manuel II Palaeologos and Grand Prince Vasily I. After Gregory’s death in the winter of 1419–1420, Photius made peace with Vytautas. As a result, the entire Metropolis of Kiev and all Rus', including Halych, was unified under Photius until his death in 1431.[1]
The rivalry between Vilnius and Moscow effectively ended in 1448 when Moscow began selecting the metropolitans independently without approval from the Ecumenical Patriachate, which collapsed in 1453.[4][1]
Legacy
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Radoslava Stankova — 'Gregory Tsamblak — ca 1364/1365 – ca 1419/1420 — Metropolitan of Kiev, diplomat, father superior of several monasteries, writer in Bulgarian, Serbian, Moldovan and Russian literature. Author of works in all medieval genres – oratory prose, hagiography and hymnography. Representative of the Tarnovo Literary School.'". SESDiva.eu. Archived from the original on 2023-01-14.
- ^ Đorđe Radojičić (1971). Živan Milisavac (ed.). Jugoslovenski književni leksikon [Yugoslav Literary Lexicon] (in Serbo-Croatian). Novi Sad (SAP Vojvodina, SR Serbia): Matica srpska. p. 57.
- ^ Rowell 1994, p. 168.
- ^ Rowell 1994, p. 169.
Works cited
edit- Rowell, Stephen Christopher (1994). Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-Central Europe, 1295–1345. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-65876-9. Retrieved 14 July 2021.