The HQ-16 (simplified Chinese: 红旗-16; traditional Chinese: 紅旗-16; pinyin: Hóng Qí-16; lit. 'Red Banner-16'; NATO reporting name: CH-SA-16)[4][5] is a medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) from the People's Republic of China. It is derived from earlier versions of the Russian Buk missile system.[1][3]

HQ-16
HQ-16A ground launcher
TypeSurface-to-air missile
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
In service2011 – present
Used byPrimary user: China
See Operators section for others
Production history
ManufacturerShanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology (SAST)
Specifications
Detonation
mechanism
impact / proximity

Enginerocket motor
Propellantsolid fuel
Operational
range
40 kilometres (25 mi) (HQ-16/HQ-16A) (slant)[1]
70 kilometres (43 mi) (HQ-16B)[1]
160 kilometres (99 mi) (HQ-16FE)[2]
Guidance
system
Semi-active radar homing[1]
Launch
platform
Transporter erector launcher[1] Ship[3]

Development

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Development began in 2005, and was reportedly assisted by the Almaz-Antey Corporation.[4] It was initially developed as a naval system.[1] In late-2011, China reported the "co-development between Russia and China" of the missile was complete.[4]

The HQ-16B was developed by late-2011.[4]

A ground battery consists of a command post, two multifunction radars, and four to six launchers. Each launcher has six missiles.[1]

Operational history

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The platform for the HHQ-16, the Type 054A frigate, entered service in 2008.[6] The HQ-16A entered service in 2011.[7]

The HQ-16A entered Chinese service in 2011.[7]

Pakistan entered negotiations to purchase the missile in 2015.[8] The LY-80s entered service with the Pakistan Army in March 2017.[9]

Variants

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Naval HHQ-16 vertical launchers onboard Type 054A frigate.
HQ-16A

Original land-based variant[1] with a range of 40 kilometres (25 mi).[7]

HHQ-16

Naval variant,[3] reportedly a domestic-produced variant of the 9M317ME missile.[10]

HQ-16B

Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]

HQ-16C

Improved variant with slant range exceeding 70 kilometres (43 mi).[1]

LY-80

Export variant.[11]

LY-80N

Export naval variant.[11]

HQ-16FE

Improved variant with range up to 160 kilometres (99 mi).[2]

Operators

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  People's Republic of China
  Pakistan

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j United States Department of the Army 2021, p. C-3.
  2. ^ a b Chan, Minnie (15 November 2022). "China showcases latest missile defence systems at Zhuhai air show". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 3 February 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Schwartz 2015, p. 28.
  4. ^ a b c d Fisher, Richard D. Jr.; Gibson, Neil (7 September 2016). "China develops longer-range HQ-16 SAM variant". janes.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  5. ^ "6 Asia". The Military Balance 2023. London: Routledge. 15 February 2023. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  6. ^ Dominguez, Gabriel (15 January 2018). "PLAN inducts Type 054A frigate into North Sea Fleet". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  7. ^ a b c Cazalet, Mark; Dominguez, Gabriel (1 March 2021). "Air-defence brigade under PLAGF's 78th Group Army receives HQ-16 SAM systems". Janes. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  8. ^ Einhorn & Sidhu 2017, p. 54.
  9. ^ "Army inducts Chinese-built air defence system to its arsenal". Dawn.com. 12 March 2017. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  10. ^ Tada, Tomohiko (January 2015), "Shipboard Weapons of the World", Ships of the World (811), Kaijin-sha: 61, NAID 40020297435
  11. ^ a b c d The International Institute for Strategic Studies 2022, p. 298.
  12. ^ The Military Balance 2024. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 256. ISBN 978-1032780047.
  13. ^ The Military Balance 2024. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 257. ISBN 978-1032780047.

Sources

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