Halfaya (Arabic: حلفايا, also spelled Helfaya) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located about 25 kilometers northwest of Hama.[1] Nearby localities include Mahardah and Shaizar to the west, al-Lataminah and Kafr Zita to the north, Taybat al-Imam and Suran to the east, Khitab and Qamhana to the southeast, Tayzin to the south and Maarzaf to the southeast. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Halfaya had a population of 21,180 in the 2004 census. It is the largest locality in the Mahardah Subdistrict, which contained 21 localities with a combined population of 80,165 in 2004.[2]
Halfaya
حلفايا Helfaya | |
|---|---|
town | |
 | |
  Halfaya Location in Syria | |
| Coordinates: 35°15′41″N 36°36′15″E / 35.26139°N 36.60417°E | |
| Country |  Syria |
| Governorate | Hama |
| District | Mahardah |
| Subdistrict | Mahardah |
| Boroughs |  Syrian Salvation Government |
| Population (2004) | |
• Total | 21,180 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
History
editIn 1838, Halfaya was classified by scholar Eli Smith as a Sunni Muslim village.[3]
In the early French Mandate period in Syria, Halfaya was a musha' ("collective farming") village with a population of roughly 1,000. During that period, twelve clans collectively held the 47 faddans that made up the village, despite the fact that property titles indicated that the land was divided between the holders.[4]
On 16 December 2012, during the Syrian civil war that began in early 2011, opposition rebels assaulted Syrian Army checkpoints in the vicinity and Halfaya was shelled by government forces. The fighting and shelling resulted in the deaths of 23 civilians in the town according to the pro-opposition Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR),[5] and a later report by New Lines Institute.[6] By 18 December rebels reportedly overran army positions around Halfaya and gained control over the town.[7] Rebels had advanced 40 kilometres (25 mi) south from Maarrat al-Nu'man and Jisr ash-Shugour, encountering little resistance.[8] On 23 December government airstrikes hit a bakery in Halfaya while several people were queuing for bread. According to anti-government activists at least 90 people were killed,[9] while fatalities have also been reported to be as high as 200.[10]
On 19 May 2013, the Syrian Army took control of Halfaya after rebel forces retreated from the town.[citation needed] In late August 2014, the rebels took control of Halfaya as part of their push towards Hama's military airport.[citation needed] The army recaptured it at a later date, but the rebels again took it in August 2016.[11] The town was then recaptured by the SAA in April 2017.[12]
On 30 November 2024 during the Hama offensive, Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) rebels captured the city from the Syrian Army but were repulsed not long afterward.[13] On 3 December, HTS regained control over the city.[14]
References
edit- ^ Syrian airstrike kills dozens as international envoy pushes for peace with top officials. Washington Post. Originally published by Associated Press. 2012-12-23.
- ^ General Census of Population and Housing 2004 Archived 2013-01-12 at archive.today. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Hama Governorate. (in Arabic)
- ^ Smith, in Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd appendix, p. 179
- ^ Owen and Bunton, 2000, p. 282.
- ^ Camp residents flee Syria warplanes: NGO. Agence-France Presse. 17 December 2012.
- ^ Baiou, Sabrine (2021-11-29). "Under the Guise of Aid: The Far-Right French NGO Allegedly Supporting War Crimes in Syria". New Lines Institute. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
- ^ Syria rebels make further gains. BBC News. 2012-12-18.
- ^ Weaver, Matthew (18 December 2012). "Rebel gains (3.32pm GMT)". Middle East Liveblog. London: The Guardian. Retrieved 19 December 2012.
- ^ Syria unrest: Air strike on bakery 'kills dozens'. BBC News. 2012-12-23.
- ^ Solomon, Erika. Dozens killed in air strike on bakery in central Syria. Reuters. 2012-12-23.
- ^ "Syrian rebels make gains in northern Hama province, capture strategic town". Reuters. 29 August 2016.
- ^ Hassan Ridha [@sayed_ridha] (23 April 2017). "وصول قوات الجيش والدفاع الوطني الى أسوار بلدة حلفايا بالتزامن مع قصف مدفعي وصاروخي على مواقع الجماعات المسلحة" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ ""The Authority" controls Aleppo International Airport and many cities and towns in the northern Hama countryside amid a complete collapse of the regime forces" (in Arabic). SOHR. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
- ^ "قصف صاروخي يستهدف مدينة محردة و10 ضربات جوية من الطيران الحربي والمروحي تستهدف حلفايا بريف حماة" (in Arabic). SOHR. 3 December 2024.
Bibliography
edit- Owen, Roger; Bunton, Marin P. (2000). New Perspectives on Property and Land in the Middle East. Harvard CMES. ISBN 0932885268.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.