Wikipedia

Harney, Maryland

Harney (Monocacyville as late as 1892) is an unincorporated community in Carroll County, Maryland, United States.[3] Harney is also the home of the 'World's Best Carnival'. It has been the home of the Harney Volunteer Fire Company since 1951.

Harney, Maryland
Unincorporated community
Harney is located in Maryland
Harney
Harney
Location within the state of Maryland
Harney is located in the United States
Harney
Harney
Harney (the United States)
Coordinates: 39°42′50″N 77°12′24″W / 39.71389°N 77.20667°W / 39.71389; -77.20667
CountryUnited States
StateMaryland
CountyCaroll
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

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Geography

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Harney is located near the head of the Monocacy River to the northwest and is the site of the following crossroads: east/west Conover Road (named for a family who owned a defunct farm on the east of the town) and north/south Harney Road. Additional intersections at the ball field are Bowers Road, off Conover Road, and Baptist Road heads southwest from just south of the crossroads. Communities near Harney are Longville to the south,[4] Emmitsburg (southwest) and in Pennsylvania, Natural Dam (west), Mt. Joy Township (north - just across the state line on 134), Barlow 3.1 mi north, Two Taverns (north-northeast), Littlestown (east-northeast), and Kingsdale (east).

Geographic Chronology
Date Topic Event Coordinates
1763 The Mason-Dixon survey placed a marker north of the later 1825 crossroads (named Harney c. 1897) which was later taken—it was replaced during a ceremony c. 1976. 39°43′18″N 77°12′00″W / 39.7217°N 77.2°W / 39.7217; -77.2 (Mason-Dixon marker)
1808 road A Pennsylvania court approved a road between Gettysburg and Maryland via a fording through Rock Creek near the Black's Mill dam to allow travel to Taneytown[5] (a c. 1787 westward road to Black's Mill had been established "from John Little's [tavern] on the Baltimore Pike.")[6]
1815[7] business (nearby) Nicholas Eckes built the first home in the vicinity at a site near the Monocacy River, west of the area that would become the town. Eckes performed shoemaking at the farm—his son Enoch Eckes continued shoemaking there & the property transferred to 4 shoemakers: Peter Reigle, John Reindollar, Harry Rineman, and Samuel Eline.[8]
1824[7] business The 1st store was opened by Jesse Cornell [sic][8] at what became the town of Monocacyville (the property in 1955 was "owned by John Cornel"),[7] and the crossroads community eventually had 3 hotels (a harness shop was at 5949 Conover Road).) [where?]
1825 road The west/east "Emmitsburg and little stone [sic] road was opened up" to become the crossroad[8] with the north/south Gettysburg-Taneytown road. By 1895 the street names were Gettysburg Street (northward), Littlestown Street (eastward to Kingsdale), Taneytown Street (southward), and Emmitsburg Street (south-southwest).
c. 1839 business Elijah Eckenrode "opened up a small store" on the "old Lichtenwalter property" (in 1824 Nicholas Eckes had subdivided land and sold part "to Adam Lichtenwalter who built a two story log house", e.g., after moving from the old residence.)[8] In 1843 Jacob Kreglo subsequently bought the small store property which transferred to Philip Shriner who "started[when?] wagon making."[8]
1863-07-01 Civil War General Hancock was sent north from near Taneytown and passed through Monocacyville to command at Gettysburg ~3[9]-6 pm.[10]
1863-07-01 Civil War Hancock's II Corps (Union Army) traveled through Monocacyville to bivouac for the night near Horner's Mill (arrived at the battlefield c. 7am July 2.)[10]: 33 
1863-07-01 Civil War Ames Battery G established an overnight camp near Monocacyville en route from Taneytown to their Battle of Gettysburg, Second Day, engagement at The Peach Orchard during the afternoon Hood's Assault.[11] (Third Corps artillery trains left Taneytown later on July 2 at 10:30 p.m.)[12]
1863-07-01 Civil War George G. Meade from Taneytown passed through Monocacyville en route to Gettysburg, where he arrived at night[9] after Hancock had returned via Horner's Mill and Monocacyville to brief Meade at Taneytown.[10]: 29 
1864 business "E. D. Hess sold his property to J. Worthington Jones, and [bought] the James Angel[13][verification needed]…property on Littlestown Street…built an addition to the house [and] small shop [where he] started the cabinetmaking business".[8]
1866 organization The Evangelical United Brethren Church, Harney, Md was established[8]—the 1st burial in the United Brethren Cemetery (now Sunrise Cemetery), was tbd—the church was rededicated in 1931,[14] but closed after Rev. Garvin was the pastor in 1955.[15]
1878 business George Fream's blacksmith shop closed, which had been the shop of his father (William Fream) until 1876 after the latter built on the Soloman Snider property (previously the John Rathfan property.)[8]
1879 mail Bids were solicited for carrying weekly mail via Horner's Mill between Gettysburg and Harney.[16]
1886 business James H. Reaver sold his Harney property to surgeon[17] (Harney had a Hesson General Store c. 1915,[18] and Daniel J. Hesson was the 1898 postmaster[19] until moving in 1899 to Hanover, Pennsylvania.)[20]
1887 school The Harney "public school started in a room above S. S. Shoemaker's Store, and Mr. J. A. Angell was appointed its teacher". The school was later moved to a 2nd story of a new Shoemaker "agricultural warehouse" where H.O. Harner was a teacher.[4]
1890 organization St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church in Harney,[21] which was using Shoemaker Hall,[22] laid the church cornerstone with a list of charter members[23] on land sold by Daniel Hesson.[24] and which The 1st trustees were Dr. John Bush, John Ohler, Martin Slagle, Abraham Waybright, Blanch Yingling and Katherine Hall, and the "first baby baptized in the church was Earlington Shriver"[24] who had been born April 24, 1890. 39°42′55″N 077°12′19″W / 39.71528°N 77.20528°W / 39.71528; -77.20528[25]
1892 business John Myers moved to Harney to take over Centennial Mill[26][27] and "William Myers [during] 1893…had a full set of rolls put in".[4]
1893 organization The Lutheran church acquired land for their[24] Mountainview Cemetery northwest of Harney (the first burial was tbd.)
1895-01 business "Andrew Degroft's large machine shed,[specify] just back of the U. B. Church, caught fire one evening about 9 o'clock".[4]
1895 business A summer newspaper identified Harney businesses: Daniel J. Hesson's store, W. A. Snider's store, Mr. T. H. Eckenrode's Union Hotel, John J. Hess's blacksmith shop, and the nearby William Myers mill. Other notable 1895 Harney structures were Miss[clarification needed] Perry Eyler's place that had been C. F. Reindoller's drug store, D. T. Shoemaker's "most beautiful" home, and W. A. Snider's "most perfectly built" house on Littlestown Street.[8][4]
c. 1897 business After a local storekeeper agreed to keep mail for customers to pick up,[28] Monocacyville was renamed when Emmitsburg's 1893-7 postmaster, James Elder, dubbed the post office "Harney" for General William S. Harney of the American Indian Wars. First postmaster was Jeremiah Reinhart,[29] and Daniel Hess was the 1898 postmaster.[8] "unknown"[25]
1898 business (nearby) Myers Mill* near Harney (owned by Mrs. Hannah C. Myers)[30] and the "adjoining" (downstream) Stonesifer Mill[31] claimed the Gettysburg Water Works had decreased the Marsh Creek/Monocacy River water supply and made the mills inoperable.[32] In 1920, Myers'[33] "three story roller mill [burned down] below the juncture of Marsh and Rock creeks near Harney [where] the dam made to furnish water power from the Monocacy [created] a favorite spot for boating and swimming parties"[34] (cf. the Reaser Hose camp adjoining[35] the "Good Samaritan Masonic Camp"[36] northwest of Harney.)**
1900 mail A direct postal route between Gettysburg and Taneytown was planned[37] to replace the Pennsylvania circuitous mail route to Harney:[38]
Gettysburg (on the square)-Two Taverns (C. A. Yost store) -Harney-Barlow (1890 Mills' store)-Sedgwick (Bushman store at Round Top)-Gettysburg

(Occasional deliveries to Harney from the store at the Natural Dam mill to the west provided mail from the Fairplay, Pennsylvania, route.)

1900 organization Mason and Dixon Lodge, No. 69 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (Oddfellows,[39] colloq.) was founded<Ref.[2]</ref> and had a 1907 anniversary banquet catered by fraternal Brothers Harry E. Rothhaupt and John Thompson.[40] In February 1942 the Lutheran "church bought the Odd Fellows Lodge Hall to be used as a parish house."[24] 39°42′54″N 77°12′24″W / 39.715083°N 77.206649°W / 39.715083; -77.206649[41]
1915 Community recreation areas at " Shriver's grove, near this place" (east beyond the state line) had a Lutheran church "base ball game" and at "the F. C. Null grove, near town" (just outside on Baptist Road) had the "United Brethren…annual picnic".[42]
1921 business Estee Ray Kiser owned a Harney automobile business shop[43] (a c. 1926 garage along Gettysburg Street was open as late as 1942.)[44] 39°42′52″N 77°12′25″W / 39.714453°N 77.207010°W / 39.714453; -77.207010[45]
tbd school A schoolhouse was built (the Harney PTA in April 1955 met in the school.)[46] [specify]
1933 road A "Memorial Boulevard" proposed [as the] Lincoln Memorial road in 1908, "Washington-to-Gettysburg road" in 1911,[47] & "Lincoln Highway to Gettysburg" in 1913 was planned through Chevy Chase, Silver Spring, New Lisbon (or Westminster), Taneytown,[48] and the Harney area to connect the Lincoln Memorial in Washington DC to the Lincoln Address Memorial in the Gettysburg National Cemetery.[49] (the competing plan for a Lincoln Memorial[50] was completed instead of the Memorial Boulevard.)
c. 1947[51] organization The Harney Baseball Club[52] built a baseball field with grandstand east of the Lutheran church.[51] After playing in the Adams County Baseball league (e.g., 1946),[53] the team lost two players to the 1947 Gettysburg Legion team[54] and joined the South Penn Baseball League in 1953[55] Taneytown, Harney and the Emmitsburg Legion [replaced] Barlow, Hanover and Granite</ref>—Barlow's Chester Shriver was Harney's 1954 manager (the 1976 team name was "Athletics".)[56] In the 1980s the field was converted for slowpitch softball (Harney "Royals"), and it is now owned by the Lutheran church (which now also operates the Sunrise Cemetery started by the Brethren church). 39°42′56″N 77°12′13″W / 39.715466°N 77.203678°W / 39.715466; -77.203678[57]
1947-10-04 organization The Monocacy Valley Memorial Post 6918 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars was chartered with 30 members (later built a clubhouse at 5803 Conover Road.) 39°43′00″N 77°12′01″W / 39.716644°N 77.200263°W / 39.716644; -77.200263[58]
1951 fire co. The Harney Volunteer Fire Company was established.[7] The "Luther Ridinger Hall"[59]/"Luther Ridinger building"[60] had the initial siren (a shed held 2 fire extinguishers) and the building held meetings (e.g., 1953 fireman's carnival meeting) and recreation events (1956 "Record Hop"). 39°43′01″N 77°12′28″W / 39.71694°N 77.20778°W / 39.71694; -77.20778[25]
1951 organization Harney had a 4-H club.[61]
1954 store Miller's General Store was open in Harney [62] (A. C. Leatherman had operated a Harney general store for 29 years.)[63]
1955-06 fire co. The Maryland governor spoke at the dedication for the new $23,000[7] Carroll County Fire Department Station 11 (added to the GNIS in 2006.)[25] [specify]
1955 The United States Coast and Geodetic Survey placed an azimuth marker on the east side of the Lutheran church.
1976 (by) organization The Harney Lions Club had formed,[52] (the Lutheran pastor was the 1998 president.)[64]
1979-09-12 The USGS designated Harney in the GNIS—the "Harney Post Office (historical)" was designated in 1996 with "unknown" coordinates.[25] 39°42′50″N 077°12′24″W / 39.71389°N 77.20667°W / 39.71389; -77.20667[25]
1986 business Luther Ridinger's store on the "5000 Block of Harney Road"[65] had a fire.[66] 39°42′52″N 77°12′24″W / 39.714377°N 77.206748°W / 39.714377; -77.206748[67]
1992-04 business The Harney General Store, the community's last general store, closed.[68]
2008-08-04 fire co. The Harney "first call" service area was increased to include an area of the defunct Kingsdale Fire Company[69] (disbanded in 2014.)
1992 (by) business Harney Woodworking was established for cabinet manufacturing.[68] [specify]
c. 2010 business A fire at 5036 Harney Road burned the former hotel that was the 2nd house north from the crossroads on the west side (the remains were removed.) 39°42′52″N 77°12′25″W / 39.714342°N 77.207030°W / 39.714342; -77.207030[70]

References

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* Other Myers Mills were at the 1863 Marsh Creek site depicted on Chapel Road by a Confederate cartographer,[71] the 1919 Myers Mill that burned at Arendtsville, Pennsylvania,[72] and "Mairs Mill" west of Harney.[73]

** The Reaser Hose camp and adjoining[74] "Good Samaritan Masonic Camp"[36] were northwest of Harney at S. D. Reck's woods[75]/dam on Rock Creek near the Monocacy[76] where there was a 1935 grove, clubhouse, and baseball field.)[77] The "Black Hole"[78] "near Harney"[79] was an additional recreation area in 1926.[80]

References

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  1. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  2. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  3. ^ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Harney, Maryland
  4. ^ a b c d e "History of Harney - Part 2". Emmitsburg.net.
  5. ^ petition for road (approved), Adams County court, January 1808 (cited by Geiselman p. 87)
  6. ^ York County, Pennsylvania court (Adams County was formed in 1800) (January 1787), [court record]{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) --cited by Geiselman p. 83. NOTE: Little's tavern is depicted on the Baltimore Pike at a run (now Little's Run @ Two Taverns, Pennsylvania) on the 1821 Small & Wagner map.
  7. ^ a b c d e "Governor Will Dedicate New Hall At Harney" (Google News archive). Gettysburg Times. June 3, 1955. Retrieved May 27, 2014. The Harney Volunteer Fire Company was formed in 1951 when Erman Chipley, Vaughn Peck, Norman Welty and Fred Spangler…sent out cards… Harney was first known as Monocacyville … the present Shemaker[verification needed] building [was] the first school in the community itself. … The United Brethren Church was established there in 1866, St. Paul's Lutheran Church in 1890. (the article begins on the front page.)
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Beck, J. W. "History of Harney - Part 1" (transcript at Emmitsburg.net webpage). Carroll County Times. Retrieved May 30, 2014. house [at] Emmitsburg and Taneytown streets…Daniel Good its present owner … blacksmith shop…present owner, John J. Hess … Daniel Hess [store] sold to its present owner, D. T. Shoemaker … Eyler…store…present occupant, D. J. Hesson … C. F. Reindoller…drug store…traded to John V. Eyler [sold] to its present owner. Miss Perry Eyler … Dr. John C. Bush…house on Littlestown Street…after his death in 1893…sold to W. A. Snider, its present owner [Part 2:] Union Hotel…present owner, Mr. T. H. Eckenrode … store to W. A. Snider, who is its present conducting the business. … milling business…present owner, William Myers (a separate webpage has Part 2.)
  9. ^ a b Gettysburg Campaign: Gen. George G. Meade (road sign with transcribed text at HMdb.org webpage), Pennsylvania Route 134 near Mason–Dixon line (39° 43.772′ N, 77° 12.632′ W): Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1947, retrieved April 30, 2011, Gen. George G. Meade, who had replaced Hooker as Union commander, June 28, 1863, traveled this road from Taneytown to Gettysburg the night of July 1. … In addition to Meade, the Federal II Corps used the Taneytown Road to reach Gettysburg. Upon hearing of the death of General John Reynolds on July 1, 1863 at Gettysburg, General Meade dispatched the II Corps commander, General Winfield S. Hancock, to take charge at Gettysburg. Hancock traveled the thirteen miles from Taneytown to Gettysburg{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location (link) (HMdb contributor Craig Swain)[verification needed]
  10. ^ a b c Final Report on the Battlefield of Gettysburg (Google Books) (Report). pp. 28, 33. Retrieved May 31, 2011. General Slocum, who had been superintending the movements of Williams' Division at Rock Creek, having now arrived at Cemetery Hill, Hancock transferred the command to him about six o'clock, and then returned to Taneytown where he reported in person to the general commanding.: 29  … The Second Corps -- General Hancock's -- having bivouaced on the Taneytown Road, about three miles in the rear, moved up and went into position at 7 a.m., on Cemetery Ridge: 33 
  11. ^ "Battery G -- " Ames' " First Regiment Light Artillery". Final report on the battlefield of Gettysburg. Vol. III. Albany, New York: J. B. Lyon Company, Printer. 1900. p. 1239. to the left of Sugar Loaf Mountain, Md., and camped near Frederick City, June 28th. June 29th, we camped near Taneytown. July 1st, we camped near Harney.
  12. ^ "Zivilcourage ist gefragt". Civilwarreference.com. Archived from the original on July 24, 2012. Retrieved July 19, 2014.
  13. ^ "The History of Harney". Emmitsburg.net. Retrieved December 11, 2017.
  14. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  15. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  16. ^ "title tbd". June 19, 1879. Proposals will be received by the Post-office Department, until July 10, 1879, for carrying the mail from Gettysburg, by Horner's Mill, to Harney and back once a week. Bond required with bid $100
  17. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  18. ^ Geiselman, John P (1996). Cleveland, Linda K. (ed.). Reflections. Preface: Audrey J. Sanders. Columbus GA: Brentwood Christian Press. p. 22. NOTE: Geiselman/Cleveland (1996) mistakenly entitled Ch. 5 "Spring Flood" for the August event.
  19. ^ "Archives of Maryland, Volume 0109, Page 0049 - Maryland Manual, 1897". Aomol.msa.maryland.gov.
  20. ^ "Items From the Hanover Evening Herald, March 9, 1899" (TXT). Files.usgwarchives.net. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  21. ^ Atlantic Reporter. West Publishing Company. July 28, 1919. p. 750 – via Internet Archive. Mountain View Cemetery harney.
  22. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  23. ^ "The Star and Sentinel - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  24. ^ a b c d "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  25. ^ a b c d e f "Harney (590425)". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved May 31, 2014., County Fire Department Station 11 Harney Volunteer Fire Department (2087283), retrieved date 2014-05-31
  26. ^ "New Oxford Item - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  27. ^ "Neighborhood News". January 26, 1892. Mr. John Myers, who was running a mill near New Oxford the past year, moved last week to Harney and will take charge of another mill on the Conewago, [sic] near New Oxford. (presumably a typographical error regarding the previous Conewago mill and subsequent Monocacy mill.)
  28. ^ Birnie, C. (January 2, 1900). "Rural Free Delivery: Adams County Farmers Injured by the System" (Google News archive). Star and Sentinel. Retrieved May 30, 2014. in Harney…if the storekeeper of the village had not volunteered to keep their mail until it was called for, they would have been cut off altogether from this post-office…
  29. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). hsccmd.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 1, 2016. Retrieved January 17, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  30. ^ "The Star and Sentinel - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  31. ^ "Gettysburg Compiler - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  32. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  33. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  34. ^ "Gettysburg Compiler - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  35. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on April 18, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2015.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  36. ^ a b "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  37. ^ "Benefits of Rural Free Delivery" (Google News archive). Star and Sentinel. January 16, 1900. Retrieved June 1, 2014. Mr. A. B. Smith, Special Agent of the Post Office Department, who was in town [Gettysburg] last week establishing the route between this place and Taneytown. ...the "Post-office on Wheels" [had] been established...in the 19th century...if two-thirds of the citizens in any locality petition the department [then the department] will not cause the abolishing of any country post-offices.
  38. ^ "title tbd". Harney post office abolished[verification needed]
  39. ^ Geiselman, John P (1996). "Chapter20: title tbd". In Cleveland, Linda K. (ed.). Reflections. Preface: Audrey J. Sanders. Columbus GA: Brentwood Christian Press. p. 111.
  40. ^ "Over One Hundred Enjoy Feast" (Google News archive). Newspaper tbd. 1907. Jan. 23rd, Mason and Dixon Lodge, No. 69, I. O. O. F., of Harney, Md., celebrated its seventh birthday by giving a banquet in their lodge room in that place. The menu was…oysters, oranges, apples, bananas, celery, cheese, crackers, 12 large cakes and coffee. …vocal and instrumental music with John Thompson and Miss Dorothy Sharetts at the organ and Bro. Harry A. Snider and his son with their violin
  41. ^ "39°42'54.3"N 77°12'23.9"W". 39°42'54.3"N 77°12'23.9"W.
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  45. ^ "39°42'52.0"N 77°12'25.3"W". Google.com.
  46. ^ "Harney". April 18, 1955. St. Paul's Brotherhood…President M. A. Shildt
  47. ^ "Boulevard and Not Statue" (Google News archive). The Evening Independent. June 29, 1911. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  48. ^ "The Star and Sentinel - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  49. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  50. ^ "The Gazette Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  51. ^ a b "Articles about Harney by date", The Baltimore Sun, archived from the original (webpage with newspaper article excerpts) on March 4, 2016, retrieved May 30, 2014, 1998…baseball field they built more than 50 years ago but can no longer maintain
  52. ^ a b "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
  53. ^ "Harney baseball barlow site". Google.com.
  54. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  55. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
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  57. ^ "39°42'56.5"N 77°12'12.6"W". Goocle.com.
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  63. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  64. ^ Breslin, Lisa (November 15, 1998). "Farming and the fire hall loom large Residents hope resort will bring businesses, invigorate community". Baltimoresun.com.
  65. ^ January 28, 1994 Sun article "Harney store has break-in" [1]
  66. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  67. ^ "39°42'51.8"N 77°12'24.3"W". Google.com.
  68. ^ a b O'Rourke, Kerry (September 20, 1992). "Harney misses the convenience of its only general store, Staff Writer". Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original (Google News archive) on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  69. ^ Young, Aaron (August 6, 2008). "Fire company won't call it quits". GettysburgTimes.com. Retrieved May 28, 2011.
  70. ^ "39°42'51.6"N 77°12'25.3"W". Google.com.
  71. ^ "Map of the Battle-field of Gettysburg" (Map). Searchworks.stanford.edu. Cartography by 1st Lieut L Howell Brown, Army of Northern Virginia, copied by Hoffman. 1891.
  72. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  73. ^ "Mairs Mill Populated Place Profile / Carroll County, Maryland Data". Maryland.hometownlocator.com.
  74. ^ "Gettysburg Compiler - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
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  76. ^ "Gettysburg Compiler - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  77. ^ "Newspaper article" (PDF). News.google.com. July 11, 1935. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  78. ^ "Gettysburg Compiler - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
  79. ^ "Newspaper article" (PDF). News.google.com. July 28, 1926. Retrieved July 28, 2019.
  80. ^ "Gettysburg Times - Google News Archive Search". News.google.com.
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