Hongtong County (simplified Chinese: 洪洞县; traditional Chinese: 洪洞縣; pinyin: Hóngtóng Xiàn) is a county in the southwest of Shanxi Province, China.[3] It is under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Linfen.[3] The county spans an area of 1,494 square kilometers, and has a population of approximately 766,579 as of 2019.[1][2]
Hongtong County
洪洞县 Hungtung | |
|---|---|
 Great Pagoda Tree Memorial | |
 Hongtong in Linfen | |
 Linfen in Shanxi | |
| Coordinates (Hongtong County government): 36°15′13″N 111°40′30″E / 36.2537°N 111.6750°E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shanxi |
| Prefecture-level city | Linfen |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,494 km2 (577 sq mi) |
| Population (2019)[2] | |
• Total | 766,579 |
| • Density | 510/km2 (1,300/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 041600 |
| Website | http://www.hongtong.gov.cn/ |
History
editDuring the reigns of the Hongwu Emperor through the Yongle Emperor, there was a concerted effort to resettle Chinese peasants to the North China Plains, which had been afflicted by conflict and natural disasters shortly before their reigns.[4][5] While en route to their new homes in the North China Plains, many migrants gathered at the Great Pagoda Tree of Hongtong,[4][5] and many even chose to settle in and around Pingyang Fu,[4] which contained present-day Hongtong County.
Administrative divisions
editHongtong County is divided into nine towns and seven townships.[3] The county's seat of government is located in the town of Dahuaishu.[3]
The county's nine towns are Dahuaishu, Ganting, Quting, Subao, Guangshengsi, Mingjiang, Zhaocheng, Wan'an, and Liujiayuan.[3]
The county's seven townships are Yandi Township, Xingtangsi Township, Dicun Township, Xincun Township, Longma Township, Shantou Township, and Zuomu Township.[3]
Geography
editLying in the northern end of the Linfen Basin, Hongtong County has an average altitude of 430 meters, with its highest peak, Huoshan, reaching 2,347 meters in elevation.[1] The Fen River runs north to south through the county.[1]
Climate
editOn an annual basis, Hongtong County experiences an average temperature of 12.7 °C, 441.5 millimeters of precipitation, and 2079.1 hours of sunshine.[1]
| Climate data for Hongtong, elevation 463 m (1,519 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
35.4 (95.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.5 (104.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
38.5 (101.3) |
31.5 (88.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
41.6 (106.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.4 (81.3) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
12.2 (54.0) |
5.6 (42.1) |
20.0 (67.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.2 (28.0) |
2.1 (35.8) |
8.5 (47.3) |
15 (59) |
20.1 (68.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
26.7 (80.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.6 (36.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.8 (71.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
7.8 (46.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
11.8 (53.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 4.1 (0.16) |
5.2 (0.20) |
10.1 (0.40) |
28.3 (1.11) |
37.2 (1.46) |
51.7 (2.04) |
106.5 (4.19) |
82.2 (3.24) |
62.4 (2.46) |
35.4 (1.39) |
15.8 (0.62) |
2.7 (0.11) |
441.6 (17.38) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.2 | 3.0 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 10.5 | 9.4 | 8.7 | 6.4 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 70.5 |
| Average snowy days | 3.2 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 10.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 54 | 52 | 49 | 53 | 56 | 56 | 67 | 72 | 72 | 69 | 64 | 57 | 60 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 127.0 | 140.7 | 180.9 | 208.5 | 225.5 | 208.0 | 197.0 | 189.6 | 159.6 | 152.8 | 133.5 | 123.5 | 2,046.6 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 41 | 45 | 49 | 53 | 52 | 48 | 45 | 46 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 41 | 46 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration[6][7] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
editThe county's population was 766,579 as of 2019, of which 45.7% of the population lived in urbanized areas, whereas the remaining 54.3% lived in rural areas.[2]
Economy
editAs of 2019, Hongtong County has a GDP of 15.15 billion Renminbi.[2] Of this, the primary sector accounted for 6.6% of the economy, the secondary sector accounted for 45.8% of the economy, and the tertiary sector accounted for 47.6% of the economy.[2] Retail sales in 2019 totaled 7.03 billion Renminbi.[2] Residents of Hongtong County had a disposable income of 19,545 yuan per capita, which stood at 30,848 yuan for urban residents, and 13,025 yuan for rural residents.[2]
Major agricultural products in the county include corn, wheat, millet, beans, yams, apples, red dates, and edible nuts.[2]
Major industrial products in the county include coal, coal coke, benzene, refined methanol, cast iron, natural gas, cement, chemical fertilizers, and plastic products.[2]
Education
editHongtong County has 352 schools, which includes 145 kindergartens, 162 elementary schools, 33 junior high schools, 9 ordinary high schools, and 3 secondary vocational schools.[2]
Culture
editThe Locust Tree of Hongtong retains a high degree of cultural significance, which is visited by about 200,000 tourists each year.[4] The Great Pagoda Tree has become a notable site in Chinese ancestor veneration, with tourists leaving messages at the site for their ancestors, and paying homage to them.[4][8] The site also hosts large events for the annual Qingming Festival.[8]
Transportation
editBy the end of 2019, there were 417 registered taxis, as well as 16 bus lines operational in the county serviced by 223 buses.[2]
Major expressways which run through Hongtong County include National Highway 108, National Highway 309, the G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway, and the G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway.[1]
The Datong–Xi'an passenger railway and Datong–Puzhou railway both run through Hongtong County.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g 洪洞概况. Hongtong County People's Government (in Chinese). 2020-02-10. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k 洪洞县2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报. Hongtong County People's Government (in Chinese). 2020-04-16. Archived from the original on 2020-06-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
- ^ a b c d e f 洪洞县概况地图_行政区划网(区划地名网) www.xzqh.org. xzqh.org (in Chinese). 2016-10-18. Archived from the original on 2019-05-13. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
- ^ a b c d e 洪洞大槐树移民的考证 [A Textual Research on the Immigrants from the Great Pagoda Tree in Hongdong]. sxskw.org.cn (in Chinese). 2009-02-19. Archived from the original on 2012-03-04. Retrieved 2021-09-10.
- ^ a b Juren, Lin; Yuxi, Xie (2018-05-04). A Century of Change in a Chinese Village: The Crisis of the Countryside. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-5381-1236-6.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 26 August 2023.
- ^ a b 大槐树 [Great Pagoda Tree]. sx.xinhuanet.com (in Chinese). Xinhua. Archived from the original on 2020-08-10. Retrieved 2021-09-10.