Honorius (died 30 September 653) was a member of the Gregorian mission to Christianize the Anglo-Saxons from their native Anglo-Saxon paganism in 597 AD who later became Archbishop of Canterbury. During his archiepiscopate, he consecrated the first native English bishop of Rochester as well as helping the missionary efforts of Felix among the East Anglians. Honorius was the last to die among the Gregorian missionaries.
Honorius | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
| Appointed | 627 |
| Term ended | 30 September 653 |
| Predecessor | Justus |
| Successor | Deusdedit |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 627 by Paulinus of York |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Rome |
| Died | 30 September 653 |
| Buried | St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury |
| Sainthood | |
| Feast day | 30 September |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church Roman Catholic Church[1] Anglican Communion[1] |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Shrines | St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury |
Early life
editA Roman by birth, Honorius may have been one of those chosen by Pope Gregory the Great for the Gregorian mission to England, although it seems more likely that he was a member of the second party of missionaries, sent in 601.[2][3] It is not known if his name was given to him at birth or if he chose it when he became archbishop.[4]
Archbishop
editIn 627, Honorius was consecrated as archbishop by Paulinus of York at Lincoln.[5] Honorius wrote to Pope Honorius I asking the pope to raise the see of York to an archbishopric, so that when one archbishop in England died, the other would be able to consecrate the deceased bishop's successor. The pope agreed, and sent a pallium for Paulinus, but by this time, Paulinus had already been forced to flee from Northumbria.[6] When Paulinus, after the death of King Edwin of Northumbria in October 633, fled Northumbria, he was received by Honorius and appointed to the bishopric of Rochester.[5] The papal letter is dated to June 634, and implies that news of Edwin's death had not reached the pope. This evidence may mean that the traditional date of Edwin's death may need to be moved to October 634.[7] The papal letter may also mean that the traditional date of consecration for Honorius may need re-dating, as the long gap between 627, when he is said to have been consecrated, and 634, when he finally received a pallium, is much longer than usually found. It may be that Honorius was consecrated closer to 634.[8] The papal letter to Honorius is given in the Ecclesiastical History of the medieval writer Bede.[9]
Honorius consolidated the work of converting the English by sending Felix, a Burgundian, to Dunwich[10] after Felix came to the archbishop and made known his desire to go to East Anglia as a missionary.[2] Honorius may have consecrated Felix as the first bishop of East Anglia[11] or Felix may have already been consecrated on the continent.[10][12] The dating of this episode is unclear, but it is probably close to 631.[8] It is possible that King Sigeberht of East Anglia, who converted to Christianity while he was in exile on the continent, had already met Felix and was behind Felix's journey to Honorius. As well as his help to Felix, Honorius consecrated the first Anglo-Saxon bishop, Ithamar of Rochester,[10] and his successor was also a native of England.[2]
Honorius had few conflicts with the Irish missionary efforts, and admired Aidan, one of the leading Irish clergy.[13]
Death and legacy
editHonorius died on 30 September 653,[14] the last of the Gregorian missionaries.[4] He was buried at the Church of St Augustine in Canterbury.[6] He was later revered as a saint, with his feast day being 30 September.[11] His relics were translated to a new tomb in 1091, and around that same time a hagiography of his life was written by Goscelin.[15] In the 1120s his relics were still being venerated at St Augustine's.[16]
See also
editCitations
edit- ^ a b Farmer Oxford Dictionary of Saints p. 253
- ^ a b c Hindley Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons pp. 43–45
- ^ Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 112–113
- ^ a b Sharpe "Naming of Bishop Ithamar" English Historical Review p. 3
- ^ a b Blair World of Bede pp. 96–97
- ^ a b Hunt "Honorius (St Honorius)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 56
- ^ a b Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 66
- ^ Wright Companion to Bede pp. 57–58
- ^ a b c Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 65–67
- ^ a b Walsh New Dictionary of Saints p. 268
- ^ Blair World of Bede p. 107
- ^ Mayr-Harting Coming of Christianity p. 94
- ^ Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 213
- ^ Blair "Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints" Local Saints and Local Churches p. 539
- ^ Hayward "Absent Father" Journal of Medieval History p. 217 footnote 72
References
edit- Blair, John (2002). "A Handlist of Anglo-Saxon Saints". In Thacker, Aland; Sharpe, Richard (eds.). Local Saints and Local Churches in the Early Medieval West. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp. 495–565. ISBN 0-19-820394-2.
- Blair, Peter Hunter (1990). The World of Bede (Reprint of 1970 ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39819-3.
- Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0041-5.
- Farmer, David Hugh (2004). Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Fifth ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0.
- Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
- Hindley, Geoffrey (2006). A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
- Hayward, Paul Antony (2003). "An Absent Father: Eadmer, Goscelin and the Cult of St Peter, the First Abbot of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury". Journal of Medieval History. 29 (3): 201–218. doi:10.1016/S0304-4181(03)00030-7. S2CID 159827773.
- Hunt, William; Brooks, N. P. (revised) (2004). "Honorius (St Honorius) (d. 653)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (October 2005 revised ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13664. Retrieved 7 November 2007. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
- Kirby, D. P. (2000). The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24211-8.
- Mayr-Harting, Henry (1991). The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-00769-9.
- Sharpe, R. (September 2002). "The Naming of Bishop Ithamar". The English Historical Review. 117 (473): 889–894. doi:10.1093/ehr/117.473.889. JSTOR 3489611.
- Stenton, F. M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England (Third ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280139-5.
- Walsh, Michael J. (2007). A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West. London: Burns & Oats. ISBN 978-0-86012-438-2.
- Wright, J. Robert (2008). A Companion to Bede: A Reader's Commentary on The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0-8028-6309-6.