Howard Henry Baker Sr. (January 12, 1902 – January 7, 1964) was an American lawyer and politician who was elected to seven consecutive terms as a United States Representative from Tennessee from 1951 to 1964.
Howard Baker Sr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 2nd district | |
| In office January 3, 1951 – January 7, 1964 | |
| Preceded by | John Jennings |
| Succeeded by | Irene Bailey Baker |
| Member of the Tennessee House of Representatives | |
| In office 1929–1930 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Howard Henry Baker January 12, 1902 Somerset, Kentucky, U.S. |
| Died | January 7, 1964 (aged 61) Knoxville, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Dora Ann Ladd Baker Edith Irene Bailey Baker |
| Children | Howard Baker Jr. |
| Alma mater | University of Tennessee |
| Profession | Attorney, politician, newspaper publisher |
He was the father of future U.S. Senate majority leader and White House chief of staff Howard Baker, Jr.
Biography
editBaker was born in Somerset, Kentucky, in 1902 to James F. Baker, an attorney and newspaper publisher in Huntsville, Tennessee, and Kentucky native Helen Keen Baker.[1] The family moved to Huntsville, Tennessee, in 1909, and Baker spent most of his childhood in Scott County. The family moved to Knoxville in 1918, the same year that Baker entered the university there. He graduated from the University of Tennessee in 1922[1] and its law school in 1924; he was admitted to the Tennessee bar in 1923. Baker is an alumnus of the Epsilon Eta chapter of Sigma Nu Fraternity. After law school, Baker married Dora Ladd and returned to Huntsville to become a partner in his father's practice. Their son, Howard Baker Jr., was born in Huntsville in 1925.[1] Dora died when Howard Jr. was a child.[2] On September 15, 1935, he married Edith Irene Bailey.
Career
editFor a period, Baker served as publisher of a weekly newspaper in Huntsville, Tennessee, the county seat of Scott County. In 1928, he was elected to a term in the Tennessee House of Representatives, and served on the Scott County Board of Education from 1931 to 1932. In 1934, he became district attorney general of the former 19th Judicial Circuit, serving until 1938 in that capacity.
In 1938, Baker made an unsuccessful bid for governor of Tennessee, losing in the general election to Democrat Prentice Cooper. In 1940, he ran unsuccessfully for the United States Senate, losing to Democrat Kenneth McKellar. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1940, 1948, 1952, and 1956. He was vice president and general counsel to the former Oneida and Western Railroad in 1945, and was also on the board of directors of the First National Bank of Oneida.[3]
Baker was elected to the 82nd and to the six succeeding Congresses and served from January 3, 1951, until his death from a heart attack in Knoxville, Tennessee on January 7, 1964.[4] He was succeeded in office by his widow Irene,[1] who completed his final term as a caretaker and sought no further election.[1]
Baker was one of the few Southern Congressmen not to sign the 1956 Southern Manifesto that opposed the desegregation of public schools ordered by the Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education, and voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1960 and the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution,[5][6][7] but did not vote on the Civil Rights Act of 1957.[8]
Death
editBaker died, following a heart attack, at Fort Sanders Presbyterian Hospital, Knoxville, Knox County, Tennessee, January 7, 1964, five days before his 62nd birthday. He is interred at Sherwood Memorial Gardens, Alcoa, Tennessee.[9] Tennessee State Route 63 is named Congressman Howard H. Baker Highway in his honor.[10]
Baker is probably best remembered as the father of Howard H. Baker Jr., a three-term U.S. senator from Tennessee and United States Senate Majority Leader who later served as White House Chief of Staff under Ronald Reagan and was the former United States Ambassador to Japan.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e "Howard H. Baker Sr. (1902–1964)". Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
- ^ "Senator Howard H. Baker Jr. (1925–2014)". University of Tennessee. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved July 5, 2014.
- ^ "Baker, Howard Henry, (1902–1964)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
- ^ "Rep. Howard Baker". Govtrack US Congress. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
- ^ "HR 8601. PASSAGE".
- ^ "HR 8601. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1960. APPROVAL BY THE HOUSE OF THE SENATE'S AMENDMENTS".
- ^ "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
- ^ "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
- ^ "Baker, Howard Henry (1902–1964)". The Political Graveyard. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
- ^ "95 Years – A Chronicle of First National Bank". FNB Chronicles. Retrieved July 4, 2014.
External links
edit- United States Congress. "Howard Baker Sr. (id: B000062)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Howard Baker Sr. at Find a Grave
- Howard and Irene Baker Papers, University of Tennessee Knoxville Libraries