Wikipedia

Hunter College

Hunter College is a public university in New York City, United States. It is one of the constituent colleges of the City University of New York and offers studies in more than one hundred undergraduate and postgraduate fields across five schools. It also administers Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School.[4]

Hunter College
Former names
Female Normal and High School (1870–1888)
Normal College of the City of New York (1888–1914)[1]
MottoMihi cura futuri (Latin)
Motto in English
"The care of the future is mine"
TypePublic university
Established1870; 154 years ago (1870)
Parent institution
City University of New York
AccreditationMSCHE
Endowment$135.8 million[2]
PresidentNancy Cantor
ProvostManoj Pardasani (interim)
Undergraduates16,550
Postgraduates6,368
Location
New York City
,
United States

40°46′07″N 73°57′53″W / 40.768538°N 73.964741°W / 40.768538; -73.964741
CampusLarge city
NewspaperThe Hunter Envoy
ColorsPurple and gold[3]
NicknameHawks
Sporting affiliations
NCAA Division III – CUNYAC
Websitehunter.cuny.edu

Hunter was founded in 1870 as a women's college; it first admitted male freshmen in 1946.[5] The main campus has been located on Park Avenue since 1873. In 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated Franklin Delano Roosevelt's and her former townhouse to the college; the building was reopened in 2010 as the Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College.[6] The institution has a 57% undergraduate graduation rate within six years.[7]

History

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Founding

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New York Normal College seen from Park Avenue (1874); drawing from a photo by George G. Rockwood

Hunter College originates from the 19th-century movement for normal school training which swept across the United States. Hunter descends from the Female Normal and High School, established in New York City in 1870. It was founded by Thomas Hunter from Ardglass in County Down, who was an exile from Ireland because of his nationalist beliefs.[8] The Normal School was one of several institutions occupying a site that the New York City government had reserved for "institutions serving a public purpose".[9] Hunter was president of the school during the first 37 years. It was originally a women's college for training teachers. The school, which was housed in an armory and saddle store at Broadway and East Fourth Street in Manhattan, was open to all qualified women, irrespective of race, religion or ethnic background. At the time most women's colleges had racial or ethno-religious admissions criteria.

Created by the New York State Legislature, Hunter was deemed the only approved institution for those seeking to teach in New York City. The school incorporated an elementary and high school for gifted children, where students practiced teaching. In 1887, a kindergarten was established as well. (Today, the elementary school and the high school still exist at a different location, and are now called the Hunter College Campus Schools.)

 
Student Helen Campbell studying radio science in a program started at Hunter College in 1917 by the National League for Women's Service to train female radio operators during World War I.

During Thomas Hunter's tenure as president of the school, Hunter became known for its impartiality regarding race, religion, ethnicity, financial or political favoritism; its pursuit of higher education for women; its high entry requirements; and its rigorous academics. The first female professor at the school, Helen Gray Cone, was elected to the position in 1899.[10] The college's student population quickly expanded, and the college subsequently moved uptown, in 1873, into a new red brick Gothic structure facing Park Avenue between 68th and 69th Streets.[11] It was one of several public institutions built at the time on a Lenox Hill lot that had been set aside by the city for a park, before the creation of Central Park.[12] After the park in Lenox Hill was canceled, the plots were leased to institutions like Hunter College.[13]

In 1888, the school was incorporated as a college under the statutes of New York State, taking on the name Normal College of the City of New York, with the power to confer Bachelor of Arts degrees. This led to the separation of the school into two "camps": the "Normals", who pursued a four-year course of study to become licensed teachers, and the "Academics", who sought non-teaching professions and the Bachelor of Arts degree. After 1902 when the "Normal" course of study was abolished, the "Academic" course became standard across the student body.

Expansion

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In 1913 the east end of the building, housing the elementary school, was replaced by Thomas Hunter Hall, a new limestone Tudor building facing Lexington Avenue and designed by C. B. J. Snyder.[9] The following year the Normal College became Hunter College in honor of its first president. At the same time, the college was experiencing a period of great expansion as increasing student enrollments necessitated more space. The college reacted by establishing branches in the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. By 1920, Hunter College had the largest enrollment of women of any municipally financed college in the United States. In 1930, Hunter's Brooklyn campus merged with City College's Brooklyn campus, and the two were spun off to form Brooklyn College.

 
Opening of the Navy recruit camp for WAVES at Bronx Campus, February 8, 1943

In February 1936 a fire destroyed the 1873 Gothic building facing Park Avenue.[14] Plans for a new building were announced in 1937,[15] and by 1940 the Public Works Administration replaced it with the Modernist north building, designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon along with Harrison & Fouilhoux.[11][16]

The late 1930s saw the construction of Hunter College in the Bronx (later known as the Bronx Campus). During the Second World War, Hunter leased the Bronx Campus buildings to the United States Navy who used the facilities to train 95,000 women volunteers for military service as WAVES and SPARS.[17] When the Navy vacated the campus, the site was briefly occupied by the nascent United Nations, which held its first Security Council sessions at the Bronx Campus in 1946, giving the school an international profile.[18]

In 1943, Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated a town house at 47–49 East 65th Street in Manhattan to the college. The house had been a home for Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt prior to the latter's presidency.[19] The Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College opened at that location in fall 2010 as an academic center hosting prominent speakers.

CUNY era

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The West (seen here in the background) and East Buildings were constructed in 1981–86 – following a delay due to the 1975 New York City fiscal crisis – and were designed in the Modernist style by Ulrich Franzen & Associates; skyways connect all the buildings

Hunter became the women's college of the municipal system, and in the 1950s, when City College became coeducational, Hunter started admitting men to its Bronx campus. In 1964, the Manhattan campus began admitting men also.[citation needed] The Bronx campus subsequently became Lehman College in 1968.[20]

In 1968–1969, Black and Puerto Rican students struggled to get a department that would teach about their history and experience. These and supportive students and faculty expressed this demand through building take-overs, rallies, etc. In Spring 1969, Hunter College established Black and Puerto Rican Studies (now called Africana/Puerto Rican and Latino Studies). An "open admissions" policy initiated in 1970 by the City University of New York opened the school's doors to historically underrepresented groups by guaranteeing a college education to any and all who graduated from NYC high schools. Many African Americans, Asian Americans, Latinos, Puerto Ricans, and students from the developing world made their presence felt at Hunter, and even after the end of "open admissions" still comprise a large part of the school's student body. As a result of this increase in enrollment, Hunter opened new buildings on Lexington Avenue during the early 1980s. In further advancing Puerto Rican studies, Hunter became home to the Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños ("Center for Puerto Rican Studies" or simply "Centro") in 1982.

In 2006, Hunter became home to the Bella Abzug Leadership Institute, which has training programs for young women to build their leadership, public speaking, business and advocacy skills.

Campuses

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Main campus

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North Building
 
69th Street entrance
 
From Park Avenue
 
Bridges between the East and West Buildings, the subway entrance, and Tony Smith's Tau

Hunter College is anchored by its main campus at East 68th Street and Lexington Avenue, a modern complex of three towers – the East, West, and North Buildings – and Thomas Hunter Hall, all interconnected by skywalks. The institution's official street address is 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065. The address is based on the North Building, which stretches from 68th to 69th Streets along Park Avenue.

The main campus is situated two blocks east of Central Park, near many New York cultural institutions including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Asia Society Museum, and the Frick Collection. The New York City Subway's 68th Street–Hunter College station (6 and <6>​ trains) on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line is directly underneath, and serves the entire campus.[21] Adjacent to the staircase to the station, in front of the West Building, sat an iconic Hunter sculpture, Tau, created by late Hunter professor and artist Tony Smith.

The main campus is home to the School of Arts and Sciences and the School of Education. It features numerous facilities that serve not only Hunter, but the surrounding community, and is well known as a center for the arts. The Assembly Hall, which seats more than 2,000, is a major performance site; the Sylvia and Danny Kaye Playhouse, a 675-seat proscenium theatre, has over 100,000 visitors annually and hosts over 200 performances each season; the Ida K. Lang Recital Hall is a fully equipped concert space with 148 seats; the Frederick Loewe Theatre, a 50 x 54-foot (16 m) black box performance space is the site of most department performances; and the Bertha and Karl Leubsdorf Art Gallery hosts professionally organized art exhibits.[22]

Students have access to specialized learning facilities at the main campus, including the Dolciani Mathematics Learning Center, the Leona and Marcy Chanin Language Center, and the Physical Sciences Learning Center. Hunter has numerous research laboratories in the natural and biomedical sciences. These labs accommodate post-docs, PhD students from the CUNY Graduate School, and undergraduate researchers.[23]

College sports and recreational programs are served by the Hunter Sportsplex, located below the West Building.[24]

Satellite campuses

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Hunter has two satellite campuses. The Silberman School of Social Work Building, located on Third Avenue between East 118th and East 119th Streets, houses the School of Social Work, the School of Urban Public Health, and the Brookdale Center on Aging. The Brookdale Campus, located at East 25th Street and First Avenue, houses the Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing, the Schools of the Health Professions, the Health Professions Library and several research centers and computer labs.[25]

The Brookdale Campus is the site of the Hunter dormitory, which is home to over 600 undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a limited number of nurses employed at Bellevue Hospital. Prior to the opening of City College's new "Towers," the Brookdale complex was the City University's only dormitory facility. In October 2022, New York Governor Kathy Hochul and New York City Mayor Eric Adams announced that the Brookdale Campus would be replaced by the CUNY Science Park and Research Campus (SPARC), with construction set to begin in 2026.[26] The 2,000,000-square-foot (190,000 m2) campus is planned to contain space for Hunter College, Borough of Manhattan Community College, and the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health & Health Policy.[27]

Other facilities

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The institution owns and operates property outside of its main campuses, including the MFA Building at 205 Hudson, Roosevelt House, Baker Theatre Building, Silberman School of Social Work, and the Hunter College Campus Schools. The MFA Studio Art program was formerly run out of a building on West 41st Street between 9th and 10th Avenues. It was a 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m2) industrial space that students converted to studio space for the college's BFA and MFA program. The current building in Tribeca now houses the Studio Art and Integrated Media Arts MFA program, and Art History MA program.[28] Roosevelt House, located on East 65th Street, is the historic family home of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt. Hunter's Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute is now located there, honoring the public policy commitments of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt.[29] Baker Theatre Building located on 149 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10065 is the home of Hunter's Department of Theatre thanks to the extraordinary generosity of Hunter trustee Patty Baker ’82 and her husband, Jay.[30] The Silberman School of Social Work is located between 118th and 119th streets on 3rd Avenue. The Hunter Campus Schools—Hunter College High School and Hunter College Elementary School—are publicly funded schools for the intellectually gifted. Located at East 94th Street, the Campus Schools are among the nation's oldest and largest elementary and secondary schools of their kind.[31]

Libraries

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The Leon & Toby Cooperman Library entrance is located on the third-floor walkway level of the East Building. The Cooperman Library has individual and group study rooms, special facilities for students with disabilities, networked computer classrooms and labs for word processing and internet access.[32]

The Social Work & Urban Public Health Library, located on the main floor of the Silberman Building, (SWUPHL) serves the academic and research needs of the Silberman School of Social Work as well as Hunter’s Urban Public Health, Community Health Education, and Nutrition programs.

Silberman patrons have remote access to the Hunter Libraries electronic collections which include 250,000 full-text eBooks, 100,000 eJournals, and over 300 electronic databases.  SWUPHL is a pick-up/drop-off site for the CUNY intra-library loan system (CLICS) that facilitates the sharing of books between all the CUNY libraries.  In addition, SWUPHL participates in the national interlibrary loan program for academic libraries. These reciprocal agreements allow the patrons of SWUPHL extensive access to a multitude of collections.

The SWUPHL Faculty provide drop-in and by-appointment reference services, research consultations, classroom and individual instruction.  The library has 6 group study rooms, group and silent study areas, desktop computers, a laptop computer loan program, photocopiers, printing stations, and a book scanner.[33]

The Judith and Stanley Zabar Art Library, dedicated in December 2008, was made possible through the support of Judith Zabar, a member of the Hunter College Class of 1954, and her husband Stanley Zabar.[34]  

Academics

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Hunter is organized into four schools: The School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Education, the School of the Health Professions, and the School of Social Work. The institution had an undergraduate admissions acceptance rate of 36% in Fall 2018.[35] Hunter offers over 120 undergraduate programs. These include 5 undergraduate certificates, 73 BA degree programs, 10 BS degree programs, and 25 bachelor's-to-master's joint degree programs. The college also offers over 100 graduate programs.

Students at Hunter may study within the fields of fine arts, the humanities, the language arts, the sciences, the social sciences, and the applied arts and sciences, as well as in professional areas in accounting, education, health sciences, and nursing. Regardless of area of concentration, all undergraduate Hunter students are encouraged to have broad exposure to the liberal arts; Hunter was one of the first colleges in the nation to pass a 12-credit curriculum requirement for pluralism and diversity courses.[24]

Honors programs

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Hunter offers several honors programs, including the Macaulay Honors College and the Thomas Hunter Honors Program. The Macaulay Honors College, a CUNY-wide honors program, supports the undergraduate education of academically gifted students. University Scholars benefit from a full tuition scholarship (up to the value of in-state tuition only as of Fall 2013, effectively restricting it to NY state residents), personalized advising, early registration, access to internships, and study abroad opportunities. All scholars at Hunter are given the choice of either a free dormitory room at the Brookdale Campus for two years or a yearly stipend.[36]

The Thomas Hunter Honors Program offers topical interdisciplinary seminars and academic concentrations designed to meet students’ individual interests. The program is open to outstanding students pursuing a BA and is orchestrated under the supervision of an Honors Council. It can be combined with, or replace, a formal departmental major/minor.[37]

Hunter offers other honors programs, including Honors Research Training Programs and Departmental Honors opportunities, The Freshmen Honors Scholar Programs inclusive of the Athena Scholar program, Daedalus Scholar program, Muse Scholar program, Nursing Scholar program, Roosevelt Scholar program, and the Yalow Scholar program.[38]

In addition to these honors programs, several honors societies are based at Hunter, including Phi Beta Kappa (PBK). A small percentage of Hunter students are invited to join Hunter's Nu chapter of PBK, which has existed at the college since 1920.[24]

Student life

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Student governance

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The Hunter College student body is governed by the Undergraduate Student Government and the Graduate Student Association (GSA),.

Clubs

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Hunter offers approximately 150 clubs. These organizations range from the academic to the athletic, and from the religious/spiritual to the visual and performing arts. There are clubs based on specific interests, such as "Russian Club", which offers a look at Russian life and culture and "InterVarsity Christian Fellowship" an organization whose vision is to "transform students and faculty, renew the campus, and develop world changers."[39]

Fraternities and sororities

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National – Social

National – Service

Local – Social

  • Alpha Sigma (ΑΣ) – local social sorority
  • Nu Phi Delta (ΝΦΔ) – local multicultural social fraternity

Local – Service

  • Theta Phi Gamma (ΘΦΓ) – local cultural and philanthropic sorority
  • Epsilon Sigma Phi (ΕΣΦ) – local multicultural service sorority
  • Zeta Phi Alpha (ΖΦΑ) – local service sorority

Non-Greek

  • Gamma Ce Upsilon (ΓCΥ) – non-Greek Latina sorority
  • Rho Psi Eta (ΡΨΙ) – pre-health sorority

Student media

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Hunter College has a campus radio station, WHCS, which once broadcast at 590AM but is now solely online.[40] The Envoy is the main campus newspaper, published bi-weekly during the academic year. Its literary and art magazine The Olivetree Review offers opportunities for publishing student prose, poetry, drama, and art.[a] Other publications include Culture Magazine (fashion and lifestyle),[b] Hunted Hero Comics (comics and graphic stories),[c] The Photographer's Collective (photography),[d] Nursing Student Press (medical news and articles), Spoon University (culinary online publication), Psych News (psychology),[e] The Wistarion (yearbook), SABOR (Spanish language and photography/now defunct), Revista De La Academia (Spanish language/now defunct), the Islamic Times (now defunct), Political Paradigm (political science/now defunct), Hakol (Jewish interest/now defunct), and Spoof (humor/now defunct).[41]

Past publications also include The WORD[42] (news) and Hunter Anonymous.[43]

Athletics

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Hunter is a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and competes at the Division III level.[44][45]

The mascot is the Hawks. Hunter plays in the City University of New York Athletic Conference.

The basketball, volleyball and wrestling teams play at the Hunter Sportsplex.[46]

Manhattan/Hunter College Science High School

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As a partnership with the New York City Department of Education, the Manhattan/Hunter College High School for Sciences (not to be confused with Hunter College High School) was opened in 2003 on the campus of the former Martin Luther King, Jr. High School on the Upper West Side. Unlike Hunter's campus schools, Hunter Science does not require an entrance exam for admission.[47]

Notable alumni

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Main article: List of Hunter College people

Arts

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This list covers alumni in visual, musical, and performing arts.

Business

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Entertainment and sports

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Government, politics, and social issues

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Literature and journalism

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Science and technology

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Notable faculty

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Jeannette Brown
 
Nathan Englander
 
Lillian Rosanoff Lieber
 
Gary Shteyngart
 
Dr. Ruth Westheimer

References

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Informational notes

  1. ^ See: "The Olivetree Review: About". theolivetreereview.com. Retrieved August 18, 2015.
  2. ^ See: "cult. magazine". Retrieved August 18, 2015 – via tumblr.com.
  3. ^ See archive of http://www.huntedherocomics.com at Archived September 10, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ See http://www.photographerscollectiveofhuntercollege.com/
  5. ^ See http://hunterpsych.com/

Citations

  1. ^ "Hunter College". jwa.org. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  2. ^ "CUNY – Hunter College". US News.
  3. ^ "Visual Identity Standards Reference Guide" (PDF). Hunter College, City University of New York. 2016. p. 7. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 16, 2017. Hunter College has two official colors: purple (Hunter [P]urple) PMS 267 [#5f259f] and yellow (Hunter Gold) PMS 123 [#ffc72a].
  4. ^ "Office of the President – Hunter College". Hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  5. ^ Gray, Christopher (April 20, 2008). "The Vestige of What Might Have Been". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Mission". Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  7. ^ "City University of New York: Hunter College | The College Board". bigfuture.collegeboard.org. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  8. ^ Farr, Mary (2009). "Thomas Hunter". Lecale Review. 7.
  9. ^ a b Gray, Christopher (April 20, 2008). "The Vestige of What Might Have Been". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  10. ^ "Young Women Graduated". The New York Times. June 23, 1899.
  11. ^ a b Gray, Christopher (February 29, 2004). "Streetscapes/Hunter College on 68th Street and Park Avenue; Industrial-Style Main Building Raised Storm in 1940". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  12. ^ "Types of Artistic Manhattan Residences Predominate in Old Yorkville District". The New York Times. February 4, 1912. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  13. ^ Gray, Christopher (October 12, 2012). "Seventh Regiment Armory/Streetscapes". The New York Times. Retrieved March 20, 2024.
  14. ^ "FIRE SWEEPS UNIT OF HUNTER COLLEGE; Destroys Large Part of Original Building at Park Avenue and Sixty-ninth Street. WATCHMAN GIVES ALARM Traffic Is Diverted by Night Blaze, Which Attracts Crowds of Spectators". The New York Times. February 14, 1936. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  15. ^ "HUNTER BUILDING TO RISE 16 STORIES; Preliminary Plans Submitted for Structure to Replace One Razed by Fire 'LITTLE THEATRE' IN IT Auditorium to Seat 2,500 Also Included in Set-Up of the New College Will Face Sixty-ninth Street Space for Laboratories". The New York Times. October 16, 1937. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  16. ^ "Hunter College: North Building - New York NY". Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  17. ^ "Free A Marine to Fight: Women Marines in World War II (Early Training: Holyoke and Hunter)". Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  18. ^ "History of Lehman College". Archived from the original on August 30, 2010.
  19. ^ Dunlap, David W. (March 18, 2003). "Fixing Monument To Mother-in-Law; Sara Delano Roosevelt Ruled Home of Franklin and Eleanor". The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  20. ^ "Hunter's Bronx Unit Now Lehman College". The New York Times. July 2, 1968. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 7, 2024.
  21. ^ "68th Street Campus Map | Hunter College". Hunter College |. January 16, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
  22. ^ ""The Arts at Hunter", January 4, 2008". Archived from the original on July 17, 2011.
  23. ^ ""Hunter College Score Program", December 1, 2007". Score.hunter.cuny.edu. January 15, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  24. ^ a b c ""About Hunter: In Brief", December 1, 2007 The Sportsplex, a major athletics center in the metropolitan area, is built entirely underground and is the deepest building in New York City. It features numerous competition and practice facilities, including multiple gymnasiums, racquetball courts, a weight room, locker areas, a training room, Hall of Fame, showcases, classrooms, and offices. [http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/athletics/join/index.shtml, "All About Athletics,"] December 1, 2007". Hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014. {{cite web}}: External link in |title= (help)
  25. ^ ""Brookdale Campus", December 2, 2007". Studentservices.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  26. ^ "Hunter students question fate of affordable campus housing with dorm slated for demolition". City & State NY. October 17, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2023.
  27. ^ Graham, Aidan (November 17, 2023). "Mayor, Governor announce details of $1.6 billion Kips Bay life sciences hub | amNewYork". www.amny.com. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
  28. ^ "205 Hudson". Retrieved December 3, 2020.
  29. ^ "Roosevelt House Public Policy Institute at Hunter College". Roosevelthouse.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  30. ^ "Patty and Jay Baker's Gift of $15M Funds Baker Hall | Hunter College". hunter.cuny.edu. January 27, 2014. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  31. ^ "Borough President and City Council Capital Funding Requests FY 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on March 29, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  32. ^ "Leon & Toby Cooperman | Hunter College Libraries". library.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  33. ^ "Social Work & Urban Public Health Library | Hunter College Libraries". library.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  34. ^ "Zabar Art Library | Hunter College Libraries". library.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved September 8, 2022.
  35. ^ "Hunter College". US News. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
  36. ^ "Macaulay Honors College at CUNY-Hunter College" December 1, 2007
  37. ^ ""Thomas Hunter Honors Program", December 1, 2007". Hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  38. ^ "Honors Scholar Programs at Hunter College". Hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  39. ^ Maritza (February 21, 2014). "InterVarsity Christian Fellowship: Home Page". Ivcfnynj.org. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  40. ^ "Casinospel online – Hög return to player". Retrieved July 1, 2023.
  41. ^ * "Student Activities: Media". Studentservices.hunter.cuny.edu. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  42. ^ "The Word". Theword.hunter.cuny.edu. October 16, 2007. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  43. ^ "Hunter Anonymous". Hunter Anonymous. Archived from the original on December 12, 2008. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
  44. ^ "Hunter College Hawks - Hunter College". www.huntercollegeathletics.com.
  45. ^ "Hunter College". July 13, 2007. Archived from the original on July 13, 2007.
  46. ^ "Hunter Sportsplex". huntercollegeathletics.com. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
  47. ^ Manhattan/Hunter College High School for Science at InsideSchools.org.
  48. ^ Genocchio, Benjamin. "A Career Built on Exploring the Boundaries of Art", The New York Times, November 30, 2003. Retrieved December 6, 2009. "When, in 1974, he took up residence in Teaneck, with his wife and two sons, he was a young artist and lecturer at Hunter College in New York."
  49. ^ Smith, Roberta. "Doug Ohlson, Painter of Vivid Abstracts, Dies at 73", The New York Times, July 23, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
  50. ^ "O, The Oprah Magazine, Features Hunter MFA Alumna Abbey Ryan – Hunter College". Retrieved August 9, 2016.
  51. ^ Willis, John (1977). Dance World 1976. New York: Crown Publishers. p. 176. ISBN 9780517526590.
  52. ^ "Hamlet Led to the Mike". The Brooklyn Daily Eagle. August 20, 1947. p. 13. Retrieved August 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
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  56. ^ "Rialto Players to Offer Mystery Play; Florence Ravenel". The Journal Times. September 29, 1928. p. 8. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  57. ^ Adderton, Donald V. (May 1, 1998). "Sanders' jazzy sounds shine through on CD". Biloxi Sun Herald. p. 62. Retrieved January 5, 2022.
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  62. ^ Tryon, Edward P. (1973). "Is the Universe a Vacuum Fluctuation". Nature. 246 (5433): 396–397. Bibcode:1973Natur.246..396T. doi:10.1038/246396a0. S2CID 4166499.
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