A hybrot (short for "hybrid robot") is a cybernetic organism in the form of a robot controlled by a computer consisting of both electronic and biological elements. The biological elements are typically rat neurons connected to a computer chip.
This feat was first accomplished in 2003 by Dr. Steve M. Potter, a professor of biomedical engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology:
In his experiment, Potter places a droplet of solution containing thousands of rat neuron cells onto a silicon chip that's embedded with 60 electrodes connected to an amplifier. The electrical signals that the cells fire at one another are picked up by the electrodes which then send the amplified signal into a computer. The computer, in turn, wirelessly relays the data to the robot.
The robot then manifests this neuronal activity with physical motion, each of its movements a direct result of neurons talking to neurons. And the robot also sends information back to the cells. Equipped with light sensors, the robot receives input about its location in the playpen from infrared signals lining the borders.[1]
What separates a hybrot from a cyborg is that the latter term is commonly used to refer to a cybernetically enhanced human or animal; while a hybrot is an entirely new type of creature constructed from organic and artificial materials. It is perhaps helpful to think of the hybrot as "semi-living", a term also used by the hybrot's inventors.[2]
Another interesting feature of the hybrot is its longevity. Neurons separated from a living brain usually die after only a couple of months. However, a specially designed incubator built around a gas-tight culture chamber selectively permeable to carbon dioxide, but impermeable to water vapor, reduces the risk of contamination and evaporation, and may extend the life of the hybrot to one to two years.[3][4]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Piquepaille, Roland (2002-12-18). "A Hybrot, the Rat-Brained Robot". Archived from the original on 2009-05-30. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ "Multielectrode Array Art". NeuroLab. Archived from the original on 2010-07-02. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
- ^ Potter, Steve; DeMarse, Thomas (30 Sep 2001). "A new approach to neural cell culture for long-term studies". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 110 (1–2): 17–24. doi:10.1016/S0165-0270(01)00412-5. PMID 11564520. S2CID 18002796.
- ^ "Georgia Tech Researchers Use Lab Cultures To Control Robotic Device". ScienceDaily. 2003-04-28. Retrieved 2010-05-20.
Sources
edit- Thomas B. DeMarse; Daniel A. Wagenaar; Axel W. Blau; Steve M. Potter (2001). "The Neurally Controlled Animat: Biological Brains Acting with Simulated Bodies". Autonomous Robots. 11 (3): 305–310. doi:10.1023/A:1012407611130. PMC 2440704. PMID 18584059.
- Shkolnik, A. C. Neurally Controlled Simulated Robot: Applying Cultured Neurons to Handle and Approach/Avoidance Task in Real Time, and a Framework for Studying Learning In Vitro. In: Potter, S. M. & Lu, J.: Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science. Emory University, Atlanta (2003).
- Wagenaar, D. A.; Demarse, T. B.; Taketani, M.; Baudry, M. New York (2006). "Closing the Loop: Stimulation Feedback Systems for Embodied MEA Cultures". Advances in Network Electrophysiology Using Multi-Electrode Arrays: 215–242.
External links
edit- Georgia Tech Researchers Use Lab Cultures to Control Robotic Device
- Georgia Tech researchers use lab cultures to control robotic device
- A hybrot, the Rat-Brained Robot
- Multielectrode Array Art – A hybrot artist.
- Rise of the rat-brained robots
- FuturePundit: Hybrot Robot Operated By Rat Brain Neurons Archived 2014-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
- How to Culture, Record and Stimulate Neuronal Networks on Micro-electrode Arrays (MEAs)