Interstate 91 (I-91) is an Interstate Highway in the New England region of the United States. It is the primary north–south thoroughfare in the western part of the region. Its southern terminus is in New Haven, Connecticut,[2] at I-95, while the northern terminus is in Derby Line, Vermont, at the Canada–United States border. Past the Derby Line–Rock Island Border Crossing, the road continues into Canada as Quebec Autoroute 55. I-91 is the longest of three Interstate highways whose entire route is located within the New England states (the other two highways being I-89 and I-93) and is also the only primary (two-digit) Interstate Highway in New England to intersect all five of the other highways that run through the region. The largest cities along its route, from south to north, are New Haven, Connecticut; Hartford, Connecticut; Springfield, Massachusetts; Northampton, Massachusetts; Greenfield, Massachusetts; Brattleboro, Vermont; White River Junction, Vermont; St. Johnsbury, Vermont; and Newport, Vermont.
 Interstate 91 | ||||||||||
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 I-91 highlighted in red | ||||||||||
| Route information | ||||||||||
| Length | 290.37 mi[1] (467.31 km) | |||||||||
| NHS | Entire route | |||||||||
| Major junctions | ||||||||||
| South end |  I-95 / SR 724 in New Haven, CT | |||||||||
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| North end |  A-55 at the Canadian border | |||||||||
| Location | ||||||||||
| Country | United States | |||||||||
| States | Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont | |||||||||
| Counties | CT: New Haven, Middlesex, Hartford MA: Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin VT: Windham, Windsor, Orange, Caledonia, Orleans | |||||||||
| Highway system | ||||||||||
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Route description
edit| mi[1] | km | |
|---|---|---|
| CT | 58.00 | 93.34 |
| MA | 54.99 | 88.50 |
| VT | 177.38 | 285.47 |
| Total | 290.33 | 467.24 |
I-91 is 290 miles (470 km) long and travels north and south: 58 miles (93 km) in Connecticut, 55 miles (89 km) in Massachusetts, and 177 miles (285 km) in Vermont. I-91 parallels US Route 5 (US 5) for all of its length, and many of the exits along I-91 provide direct or indirect access to the older route. Much of the route of I-91 follows the Connecticut River, traveling from Hartford, Connecticut, northward to St. Johnsbury, Vermont.[3][4][5]
Connecticut
edit
I-91 is the major north–south transportation corridor for the center of the state. It is the main route between the larger cities of New Haven, Hartford, and Springfield, Massachusetts. As such, it is almost always heavily trafficked (especially during rush hour) and maintains at least three lanes in each direction through Connecticut except for a short portion in Hartford at the interchange with I-84, and another in Meriden at the interchange with Route 15. The three cities also serve as Connecticut's control points along its length of the Interstate.[6][7]
I-91 begins just east of Downtown New Haven at an interchange with I-95 (Connecticut Turnpike). At the bottom of the ramp for exit 5, US 5 begins at the first of its many interchanges with the freeway.[8] Leaving New Haven, I-91 follows a northeastward trek into North Haven, where it meets the southern end of the Route 40 expressway.[9] It travels through the eastern part of Wallingford before entering the eastern part of the city of Meriden. In Meriden, about halfway between Hartford and New Haven, I-91 sees a complex set of interchanges with the Wilbur Cross Parkway (Route 15), the Route 66 expressway, and its first spur route, I-691.[8] I-691 provides a westward link to I-84 and the city of Waterbury.[8] Leaving Meriden, I-91 enters Middlesex County as it briefly travels through the western part of Middletown before entering Cromwell, where it has an interchange with the Route 9 expressway.[10][11]
It then enters Hartford County in the town of Rocky Hill and then enters Wethersfield, meeting the Route 3 expressway, which leads to Glastonbury and the Route 2 expressway via the William H. Putnam Memorial Bridge over the Connecticut River. From there to St. Johnsbury, Vermont, I-91 parallels the river, never more than five miles (8.0 km) from its west bank.[12] I-91 then enters the Hartford city limits; in that city, it has a set of interchanges with US 5/Route 15 (Wilbur Cross Highway), which provides access from I-91 north to I-84 east, and from I-84 west to I-91 south via the Charter Oak Bridge.[13] I-91 then has an interchange with I-84, where all other transitions to and from I-84 take place. Before leaving the city limits, a high-occupancy vehicle lane begins that has its own set of interchanges up to exit 38.[14]
I-91 then enters Windsor and meets the western end of its other Connecticut spur route, I-291. At the Windsor–Windsor Locks town line, it meets the eastern terminus of the Route 20 expressway, which provides direct access to Bradley International Airport.[7] A couple of miles further north, I-91 crosses the Connecticut River on the Dexter Coffin Bridge into East Windsor. After traveling through East Windsor and Enfield, it crosses the state line, at milepost 58, into Longmeadow, Massachusetts.[8]
Massachusetts
editI-91 extends 55 miles (89 km) through the Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts paralleling the Connecticut River.[15] I-91 serves as the major transportation corridor through three Massachusetts counties, linking the cities of Springfield, Northampton, and Greenfield.[15] These three cities serve as the control cities listed on guide and mileage signs, along with Brattleboro, Vermont, beginning with the first northbound conventional mileage sign (63 miles [101 km]) in Longmeadow.[16]
In Springfield, I-91 has an interchange with I-291 at exit 6 (old exit 8), a 5.44-mile-long (8.75 km) spur going eastbound to connect with the Massachusetts Turnpike, for travelers going either east toward Boston or west toward Albany, New York.[17][18] North of Springfield, I-91 briefly enters Chicopee, there is an interchange with its spur, I-391, at exit 9 (old exit 12) before turning westward to cross the Connecticut River into West Springfield. I-391 provides direct access to Holyoke, while I-91 continues on the western side of the river.[11]
Just after the river crossing, exit 11 (old exit 14) is a major interchange with the Massachusetts Turnpike (I-90). Then, I-91 enters the city of Holyoke where exit 12 (old exit 15) is located. Just after an interchange with US 202, (exit 16) I-91 goes from three lanes to two lanes in each direction to the Vermont state line.[11] After a short exit-less stretch, I-91 enters Northampton, passing the Northampton Airport and an oxbow lake. The towns of Hadley and Amherst, home to the main campus of the University of Massachusetts Amherst, are accessible from I-91 exits in Northampton via Route 9.[11]
Continuing north, I-91 enters Hatfield, where it begins a straight section—nearly six miles (9.7 km) without a bend in the road. Several exits provide access to US 5 and Route 10 in Hatfield and Whately before entering Deerfield.[19] I-91 has two exits in Greenfield. At exit 43 (old exit 26), the southern end of its overlap with Route 2, there is a rest area and visitor information center for Franklin County.[20] At exit 46 (old exit 27), also in Greenfield, is the northern end of its overlap with Route 2 where access to that road is provided via a directional T interchange and exit and entry ramps on the left side of southbound I-91. Exit 50 (old exit 28) in Bernardston is the last exit in Massachusetts. Beyond exit 50, I-91 continues for about five miles (8.0 km) more before crossing into Vermont.[16]
Massachusetts is the only state traversed by I-91 where another numbered highway is concurrent with the Interstate (in this case, US 5, for a 0.5-mile (0.80 km) spur near the Springfield–Longmeadow town line and Route 2, for approximately three miles (4.8 km) in Greenfield).[21]
Vermont
editI-91 traverses the entire length of Vermont and serves as a major transportation corridor for eastern Vermont and western New Hampshire. Due to its routing along the Connecticut River separating the two states, many exits along Vermont's length of I-91 feature New Hampshire towns on the guide signs (for example, exit 3, which lists Brattleboro and Keene, New Hampshire, as the points of access). The length of I-91 within Vermont is 177 miles (285 km) and has two lanes in each direction the entire way from the Massachusetts state line to the Canada–United States border (nearly two-thirds of I-91's length) with 29 Vermont interchanges. The highway's rural character and long distances between exits in Vermont are in stark contrast to its south, where exits are more frequent and the road carries four lanes of traffic in each direction at some points. The major control cities in Vermont are Brattleboro, White River Junction, St. Johnsbury, and Newport. When entering northbound I-91 at exit 28 in Derby, the control city sign is for Canada. Of these destinations, only Newport is a city, although the other towns are sizable. In general, the road parallels its predecessor, US 5.[22][23][24]
I-91 enters Vermont in the town of Guilford. Just before exit 1 in Brattleboro is the Vermont Welcome Center in Guilford. The first three Vermont exits (northbound) serve the town of Brattleboro. At exit 1, northbound US 5 provides access to stores and a small industrial area before reaching the south end of the town's center, where a bridge crosses the Connecticut River into Hinsdale, New Hampshire, via New Hampshire Route 119 (NH 119). Exit 2 (Vermont Route 9 [VT 9]) provides access to the western village of the town (West Brattleboro), then continues west to Marlboro, Wilmington, and Bennington. Brattleboro's main retail strip is located at and just south of the exit 3 trumpet interchange and traffic circle. Following VT 9 eastward, one can reach Keene, New Hampshire, in 15 miles (24 km).[25][26]
After exit 3, I-91 heads north to travel through the communities of Dummerston, Putney, Westminster, North Westminster, Bellows Falls, Springfield, Weathersfield, Windsor, Hartland, North Hartland and White River Junction. White River Junction, listed as a control city on mileage signs as far south as Greenfield, Massachusetts, is where I-91 and I-89 meet and provide access to many points in Vermont and New Hampshire, at exit 10.[27]
North of the interchange with I-89, I-91 continues toward St. Johnsbury and travels through Wilder and Norwich. It enters Orange County, passing through Thetford, Fairlee, Bradford, Newbury, and Wells River. It continues into the Caledonia County communities of Ryegate, Barnet and Waterford, before coming to its next major intersection in St. Johnsbury at the northern terminus of I-93, providing access to the White Mountains of New Hampshire and the Greater Boston area. Along this stretch of highway between White River Junction and St. Johnsbury, towns in Grafton County, New Hampshire, on the other side of the river can also be easily accessed. Just after exit 19, there are three exits for St. Johnsbury, including a major intersection with US 2. Along westbound US 2, the capital of Vermont, Montpelier, is eventually reached from I-91, although I-89 provides Montpelier with immediate Interstate access.[28][29]
I-91 continues northward, now following the Passumpsic River valley. It travels through Vermont's Northeast Kingdom region and the town of Lyndon. Two exits in Lyndon serve the village of Lyndonville and Lyndon State College. After exit 24, I-91 departs US 5, which it had been closely paralleling since the Massachusetts state line. I-91 follows the valley of Miller Run,[30][a] and there are no convenient services until Barton at exit 25.[31]
The Interstate proceeds through Sheffield. Here, it reaches the highest point on the road, just north of milemarker 150 on Sheffield Heights, elevation 1,856 feet (566 m).[32]
After leaving Sheffield Heights, it enters Orleans County and follows the Barton River valley north with exits in Barton, Orleans, and Derby. Exit 29 is the final US exit on I-91 just after milemarker 177 at Derby Line. Beyond the exit ramp, northbound motorists enter Canada Customs at Stanstead, Quebec, and continue into Canada on Quebec Autoroute 55 through the Eastern Townships.[33][26]
As with Connecticut and Massachusetts, US 5 closely parallels I-91 for their entire lengths in Vermont. While paralleling I-91 in Vermont, US 5 is never concurrent with the freeway but remains its own two-lane road, except for a portion in White River Junction where it is a four-lane divided surface arterial.[34][35]
Traffic and the population of each successive town tend to diminish as the road proceeds northward. The average daily traffic count for 2015 in Vermont were—St. Johnsbury (34,000), Lyndon (17,900), Barton (13,500), and Derby (Canada–United States border) (10,300).[36]
- Interstate 91
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The beginning of I-91 in New Haven, Connecticut -
I-91 north at exit 32 (I-84 west) in Hartford, Connecticut -
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I-91 looking northbound in Brattleboro, Vermont -
Northbound I-91 just north of exit 6 in Rockingham, Vermont -
Southbound I-91 in Wheelock, Vermont
History
editA limited-access highway replacement for US 5 was planned at the federal level starting in 1944. A 1953 Massachusetts plan was funded by the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, along with spur I-291 (but not I-391). The Vermont section of I-91 was built in stages from 1958 to 1965.[37] In Massachusetts from Bernardston to Northampton, I-91 follows an abandoned right-of-way of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. To support plans for urban renewal along the "low value" waterfront, the highway crossed the Connecticut River to parallel active New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad tracks on the Springfield side of the river, bypassing West Springfield and Agawam, Massachusetts. Later, this path was perceived as cutting off the city from the river, restricting further commercial development. By 1960, a few miles in Massachusetts were completed, starting from the Connecticut and Vermont state lines. Massachusetts construction was completed from 1960s to 1970.[38]
In the 1950s–1970s, there were plans to extend I-91 to Wading River, New York, from its existing terminus in New Haven, Connecticut, via a crossing of the Long Island Sound (see "Unbuilt Long Island extension" below).[39] Vermont completed its last sections of I-91 in 1978.[40]
Starting in the 1990s, several rest areas were downgraded in Vermont, increasing distances between facilities. In 2008, Vermont closed the Springfield–Rockingham rest areas because of suspected use by drug abusers. In 2009, the northbound rest area in Hartford was closed, creating a 90-mile (140 km) gap in on-highway facilities. At the present time, there exist two intermediate rest areas with facilities in each direction, in addition to a welcome center at each end of the state. Several parking areas remain open.[41]
In the early 1990s after the I-284 project was canceled, the exit 44 interchange in East Windsor, Connecticut, was altered as it was designed to be part of the freeway. After alterations, exit 44 connected to US 5 for all traffic to get on and off. As a result, exit 43 was shut down and closed in that same time frame. Exit 43 was a northbound exit/southbound entrance on Route 510/Main Street in East Windsor, which was about 1,050 feet (320 m) away from exit 44.
After the September 11 attacks, a seldom-staffed temporary border patrol checkpoint was installed near White River Junction, Vermont, about 100 miles (160 km) from the Canada–United States border.[42]
In 2005, the Massachusetts Highway Department completed a rebuild of on- and offramps in Springfield to reduce accidents caused by weaving near the tightly spaced exits.[38]
Impact in Springfield
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During its construction in the 1960s, I-91 sliced through three Springfield neighborhoods: the North End, Metro Center, and South End, which led to urban decay in the highway's vicinity. Springfield's portion of the Interstate was widely regarded as positive progress when it was built. However, by the 2010s, it would come to be perceived as disrupting the urban fabric of riverfront neighborhoods while effectively disconnecting the Connecticut River, the Connecticut River Walk Park and the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame from everything east of the highway—the majority of the city. I-91 was erected without tunnels, footbridges or other paths, a design choice which poses logistical problems for travel between the riverfront and the remainder of the city. This, in turn, poses problems for businesses that would like to set up along the riverfront. The placement of I-91 has left Springfield's riverfront virtually undeveloped, aside from the sliver of land surrounding the Basketball Hall of Fame.[43]
In 2010, the Urban Land Institute made recommendations for how Springfield might reconnect with its riverfront, in order to revitalize the area through urban renewal, suggesting the most cost-effective but also the most development-limiting strategy (constructing pathways beneath I-91). No decision has been reached regarding those recommendations.[44] As of 2011[update], academic and civic studies are still underway. Preliminary findings indicate that I-91's placement negatively impacts tourism in Springfield's Metro Center—the site of many of Springfield's historic, cultural, and entertainment venues. Springfield's most popular tourist attraction, the riverfront Basketball Hall of Fame, is separated from Metro Center by a 20-foot (6.1 m) stone wall, buttressing an elevated portion of the six-lane I-91 and greatly discouraging travel between the two areas. Academic suggestions that involve the demolition of the current highway and moving it to a less obtrusive site in the city have been proposed, including the demolition of the highway and following the original path suggested, Riverdale Road, and, least obtrusive but still requiring a great deal of work, a plan to construct numerous walkways beneath the elevated highway to better integrate the neighborhoods with the waterfront despite the highway's presence.[45]
Unbuilt Long Island extension
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Between the 1950s and 1970s, officials proposed extending I-91 across the Long Island Sound from its current terminus at the I-91/I-95 interchange in New Haven, Connecticut, to Wading River, New York, by means of a bridge over the Long Island Sound, as one of the many Long Island Sound Link proposals.[39] The extension would have continued southward from Wading River to the southern shore of Long Island by the existing County Route 46 (William Floyd Parkway) in central Suffolk County—which would have been updated to Interstate Highway standards. It would also provide easier access to New York City via the Long Island Expressway (I-495), as well as to the Hamptons via New York State Route 27 (Sunrise Highway). The various proposals for this never-built extension were ultimately dropped after a 1979 study of the concept.[46] Following this, officials proposed to connect the New Haven and Shoreham–Wading River areas by means of ferry service across the Long Island Sound—however, the plans to implement these cross-sound ferry services were ultimately mothballed, as well.[47]
Despite the cancelation of the bridge, many Long Islanders are still in favor of building one.[48] In 2000, a survey was conducted by News 12 Networks and Newsday, which found that the majority (63 percent) of Long Islanders were in support of such a project.[48]
In 2016, the proposal was again renewed by New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, as either a bridge or a tunnel.[48] However, these plans were also dropped, as announced by the New York State Department of Transportation in 2018.[48]
Exit list
editAll interchanges in Massachusetts were to be renumbered to milepost-based numbers under a project scheduled to start in 2016. However, this project was indefinitely postponed until November 18, 2019, when the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT) confirmed that, beginning in the middle of 2020, the exit renumbering project will begin.[49][26] On March 1, 2021, MassDOT confirmed that the exit renumbering on I-91 will start on March 3, and it will last for two weeks. In 2020, Vermont added "milepoint exit" numbers to existing signs, essentially marking each interchange with two exit numbers.[50] Connecticut will not implement the new exit numbers on I-91 until approximately 2027.[51]
| State | County | Location[16][52] | mi[16][53][54] | km | Old exit [55] | New exit [56] | Destinations | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connecticut | New Haven | New Haven | 0.00 | 0.00 | — | 1A |  I-95 south – New York City | Southern terminus |
| 0.09 | 0.14 | 1 | 1B | Oak Street Connector (SR 724 west) – Downtown New Haven | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; signed as MLK Boulevard; former Route 34 | |||
| — | 1C |  I-95 north – New London | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 48 on I-95 | |||||
| 0.63 | 1.01 | 2 | 1D | Hamilton Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| 0.99– 1.02 | 1.59– 1.64 | 3 | 1E | Trumbull Street | ||||
| 1.30 | 2.09 | 4 (SB) 5 (NB) | 1F |   US 5 north (State Street) – Fair Haven | US 5 not signed southbound; southern terminus of US 5 | |||
| 1.44– 2.15 | 2.32– 3.46 | 6 | 2A | US 5 / Willow Street / Blatchley Avenue | US 5 not signed northbound | |||
| 7 | 2 | Ferry Street – Fair Haven | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||||
| 2.78 | 4.47 | 8 | 2B |    Route 17 north (Middletown Avenue) / Route 80 east – North Branford | Southern terminus of Route 17; western terminus of Route 80 | |||
| North Haven | 4.81 | 7.74 | 9 | 4 | Montowese Avenue | |||
| 6.63 | 10.67 | 10 | 6 |  Route 40 north – Mount Carmel, Hamden, Cheshire | Cheshire not signed southbound; also serves Quinnipiac University; southern terminus and exits 1C-A on Route 40 | |||
| 7.72 | 12.42 | 11 | 7 |  Route 22 – North Haven | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |||
| 8.58 | 13.81 | 12 | 8 | US 5 (Washington Avenue) | ||||
| Wallingford | 10.94 | 17.61 | 13 | 10 |  To US 5 – Wallingford, North Haven | Access via SR 702 | ||
| 12.30 | 19.79 | 14 | 13 |  Route 150 (Woodhouse Avenue) – Wallingford | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | |||
| 13.25 | 21.32 | Route 150 / East Center Street – Wallingford | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||||
| 16.01 | 25.77 | 15 | 16 |  Route 68 – Yalesville, Durham | ||||
| Meriden | 19.22 | 30.93 | 16 | 19A | East Main Street | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 18.87 | 30.37 | 17 | 19B |    I-691 west / Route 15 north (Wilbur Cross Parkway) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; Wilbur Cross Pkwy. signed as Berlin Tpke. | |||
| 19.74 | 31.77 |  Route 15 south (Wilbur Cross Parkway) / East Main Street | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 68N on Route 15 / Wilbur Cross Parkway | |||||
| 20.11 | 32.36 | 18 | 20 |  Route 66 east – Middlefield, Middletown | No southbound exit; western terminus of Route 66 | |||
| I-691 west / Route 15 north (Wilbur Cross Parkway) – Meriden, Waterbury | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; Wilbur Cross Pkwy. signed as Berlin Tpke.; exit 1A on I-691 | |||||||
| 21.14 | 34.02 | 19 | 21 | Baldwin Avenue / Preston Avenue | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| Middlesex | Middletown | 23.16 | 37.27 | 20 | 23 | Country Club Road / Middle Street | ||
| Cromwell | 25.74 | 41.42 | 21 | 25 |  Route 372 – Cromwell, Berlin | |||
| 27.28– 27.43 | 43.90– 44.14 | 22 | 27 |  Route 9 – New Britain, Middletown, Old Saybrook | Signed as exits 27A (north) and 27B (south); exits 29-30 on Route 9 | |||
| Hartford | Rocky Hill | 29.39 | 47.30 | 23 | 29 |  To Route 3 – Rocky Hill | Access via SSR 411 | |
| 31.67 | 50.97 | 24 | 31 |  Route 99 – Wethersfield, Rocky Hill | Former Route 9 | |||
| Wethersfield | 33.67– 34.13 | 54.19– 54.93 | 25 | 33 | Route 3 – Glastonbury, Wethersfield | Signed as exits 33A (north) and 33B (south) southbound; no northbound access to Route 3 south; exits 11A-B on Route 3 | ||
| 26 | 34 | Old Wethersfield | Access via Marsh Street | |||||
| Hartford | 35.54– 36.55 | 57.20– 58.82 | 27 | 35A |  Brainard Road / Airport Road (SR 530 west) | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 28-29 | 35B-36 |    US 5 / Route 15 to I-84 east (US 6 east / US 44 east) / Berlin Turnpike – Wethersfield, Newington, East Hartford, Boston | Signed as exits 35B (south) and 36 (north); no southbound access to Route 15 north; US 5/Berlin Turnpike not signed northbound | |||||
| 37.55 | 60.43 | 29A | 37 | Capitol Area | Access via SR 598; former proposed I-484; northbound left exit | |||
| 38.18– 38.47 | 61.44– 61.91 | 32 | 38 | I-84 (US 6 / US 44) / Trumbull Street – Waterbury | Signed as exits 38A (west) and 38B (east); I-84 east not signed; exits 50-52 on I-84 | |||
| 30 | 38C |  I-84 east (US 6 east / US 44 east) to Route 2 east – East Hartford, New London | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; exit 51 on I-84 | |||||
| 31 | 38D | State Street | No northbound exit; access via Route 2 | |||||
| 39.55 | 63.65 | ♦ | Leibert Road | Southbound exit and northbound entrance for HOV only; southern terminus of HOV lanes | ||||
| 39.86 | 64.15 | 33 | 39 | Jennings Road | ||||
| Windsor | 41.14 | 66.21 | 34 | 41 |  Route 159 (Windsor Avenue) to Main Street | Signed for Route 159 northbound, Main Street southbound | ||
| 42.20– 42.22 | 67.91– 67.95 | 35 | 42 |   I-291 east / Route 218 – Windsor, Bloomfield, Manchester | Signed as exits 42A (I-291) and 42B (Route 218); exits 1A-C on I-291 | |||
| 42.22 | 67.95 | ♦ | Route 218 – Windsor | Northbound exit and southbound entrance for HOV only | ||||
| 43.52 | 70.04 | 36 | 43 |  Route 178 (Park Avenue) – Bloomfield | ||||
| 44.50 | 71.62 | 37 | 44 |  Route 305 (Bloomfield Avenue) – Windsor Center | Additional northbound exit and southbound entrance for HOV lanes | |||
| 45.99 | 74.01 | ♦ |  Route 75 – Poquonock | Northbound exit and southbound entrance for HOV only | ||||
| 38 | 45 | Route 75 / Day Hill Road – Poquonock, Windsor | Signed as exits 45B (Day Hill Road) and 45A (Route 75) southbound | |||||
| 46.69– 46.98 | 75.14– 75.61 | Northern terminus of HOV lanes | ||||||
| Windsor Locks | 47.44 | 76.35 | 39-41 | 47 | Kennedy Road to Center Street | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| 48.22 | 77.60 | 40 | 48 |   Route 20 west – Bradley International Airport | Eastern terminus of Route 20 | |||
| 48.62 | 78.25 | 41-39 | 48A | Center Street | Southbound exit only | |||
| 49.58 | 79.79 | 42 | 49 | Route 159 – Windsor Locks | ||||
| Connecticut River | 49.58– 49.90 | 79.79– 80.31 | Dexter Coffin Bridge | |||||
| East Windsor | 50.33 | 81.00 | 44 | 50 | US 5 – East Windsor | |||
| 51.09 | 82.22 | 45 | 51 |  Route 140 – Warehouse Point, Ellington | ||||
| Enfield | 52.74 | 84.88 | 46 | 52 | US 5 (King Street) | |||
| 55.57 | 89.43 | 47 | 55 |  Route 190 – Hazardville, Somers, Suffield | Signed as exits 55A (east) and 55B (west) | |||
| 56.10 | 90.28 | 48 | 56 |  Route 220 (Elm Street) – Thompsonville | ||||
| 57.73 | 92.91 | 49 | 57 | US 5 (Enfield Street) – Longmeadow, MA | ||||
| 58.00 0.000 | 93.34 0.000 | Connecticut–Massachusetts state line | ||||||
| Massachusetts | Hampden | Springfield | 3.836 | 6.173 | — | 1 | US 5 south – Forest Park, Longmeadow | Southbound exit and northbound entrance; southern end of US 5 concurrency |
| 3.694 | 5.945 | — | 2 |  Route 83 south – Forest Park, East Longmeadow | No southbound exit | |||
| 4.142 | 6.666 | — | 3 |  US 5 north to Route 57 west / East Columbus Avenue – West Springfield, Agawam | Columbus Avenue not signed southbound; northern end of US 5 concurrency | |||
| 4.568 | 7.351 | 5 4 | 4 | Broad Street / Main Street | Northbound exit only | |||
| 4.722 | 7.599 | Route 83 south (Main Street) – East Longmeadow | Southbound exit only | |||||
| 5.253 | 8.454 | 6 | 5A | Union Street / MGM Way – Downtown Springfield | Signed as exit 5 northbound; Union Street not signed northbound | |||
| 5.989 | 9.638 | 7 | 5B | Hall of Fame Avenue – Downtown Springfield | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| 6.295 | 10.131 | 8 | 6 |   I-291 east / US 20 east to I-90 east / Mass Pike east – Boston | I-90 not signed southbound; western terminus and exits 1A-B on I-291 | |||
| 6.677 | 10.746 | 9 | 7 |  US 20 west / Route 20A east – West Springfield, Westfield | No southbound exit; signed as exits 7A (east) and 7B (west) | |||
| 7.176 | 11.549 | 10 11 | 8 |  Route 116 (Main Street) | Northbound exit and entrance | |||
| 7.481 | 12.040 | Birnie Avenue to US 20 west – West Springfield | Southbound exit only | |||||
| Chicopee | 8.289 | 13.340 | 12 | 9 |  I-391 north – Chicopee, Holyoke | Southern terminus and exits 1A-B on I-391 | ||
| West Springfield | 9.177– 9.184 | 14.769– 14.780 | 13 | 10 | US 5 (Riverdale Street) – West Springfield | Signed as exits 10A (north) and 10B (south) | ||
| 11.547 | 18.583 | 14 | 11 | US 5 to I-90 / Mass Pike – Boston, Albany, NY | US 5 not signed | |||
| Holyoke | 12.396 | 19.949 | 15 | 12 | Lower Westfield Road – Ingleside | |||
| 14.218 | 22.882 | 16 | 14 |  US 202 – Holyoke, South Hadley | ||||
| 15.188 | 24.443 | 17 | 15 |  Route 141 – Holyoke, Easthampton | Signed as exits 15A (east) and 15B (west) northbound[56] | |||
| Hampshire | Northampton | 22.816 | 36.719 | 18 | 23 | US 5 – Northampton, Easthampton | Also serves Smith College | |
| 24.760 | 39.847 | 19 | 25 |  Route 9 – Hadley, Amherst | Northbound exit and southbound entrance; also serves Cooley Dickinson Hospital, Northampton VA Hospital | |||
| 26.016 | 41.869 | 20 | 26 |  US 5 / Route 9 / Route 10 – Northampton, Hadley | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |||
| 27.277 | 43.898 | 21 | 27 | US 5 / Route 10 – Hatfield | ||||
| Hatfield | 29.938 | 48.181 | 22 | 30 | US 5 / Route 10 – North Hatfield, Whately | Northbound exit and southbound entrance | ||
| Franklin | Whately | 32.309 | 51.996 | 23 | 32 | US 5 / Route 10 – Whately, North Hatfield | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | |
| 34.709 | 55.859 | 24 | 35 | US 5 / Route 10 to Route 116 – Deerfield, Conway | No northbound entrance | |||
| Deerfield | 35.891 | 57.761 | 25 | 36 | Route 116 – Deerfield, Conway | Southbound exit and northbound entrance | ||
| Greenfield | 43.011 | 69.219 | 26 | 43 |   Route 2 west / Route 2A east – Greenfield Center, North Adams | Southern end of Route 2 concurrency; also serves John W. Olver Transit Center, Mass MoCA, Shelburne Falls, Bridge of Flowers | ||
| 45.752 | 73.631 | 27 | 46 | Route 2 east – Boston | Northern end of Route 2 concurrency; left exit and entrance southbound | |||
| Bernardston | 50.360 | 81.047 | 28 | 50 | Route 10 – Bernardston, Northfield | Signed as exits 50A (north) and 50B (south) northbound[56] | ||
| 54.90 0.000 | 88.35 0.000 | Massachusetts–Vermont state line | ||||||
| Vermont | Windham | Brattleboro | 7.480 | 12.038 | 1 | 7 |   US 5 to VT 142 – Brattleboro, Guilford | Also serves Vernon and Hinsdale, NH |
| 9.095 | 14.637 | 2 | 8 |   VT 9 west – Brattleboro, Bennington | Also serves Manchester via VT 30, Marlboro College, and Wilmington | |||
| 11.550 | 18.588 | 3 | 11 |  US 5 / VT 9 east – Brattleboro, Keene NH | Also serves World Learning SIT Graduate Institute | |||
| Putney | 17.952 | 28.891 | 4 | 18 | US 5 – Putney | Also serves Landmark College | ||
| Town of Westminster | 28.610 | 46.043 | 5 | 28 |  To US 5 / VT 123 – Westminster, Bellows Falls, Walpole, NH | |||
| Rockingham | 35.200 | 56.649 | 6 | 35 |  VT 103 to US 5 – Rockingham, Rutland, Bellows Falls | Also serves Chester and Ludlow | ||
| Windsor | Springfield | 41.690 | 67.094 | 7 | 41 |  US 5 / VT 11 – Springfield | Also serves Charlestown, NH and the Fort at Number 4 | |
| Weathersfield | 51.370 | 82.672 | 8 | 51 |   VT 131 to US 5 / VT 12 – Ascutney, Windsor | Also serves Ludlow and Claremont, NH; Romaine Tenney Memorial Park at exit | ||
| Hartland | 60.450 | 97.285 | 9 | 60 | US 5 / VT 12 – Hartland, Windsor | Also serves Woodstock and Killington | ||
| Hartford | 69.810 | 112.348 | 10 | 69 |  I-89 – Concord, NH, Barre, Montpelier | Signed as exits 69A (south) and 69B (north); exits 1A-B on I-89 | ||
| 70.200 | 112.976 | 11 | 70 | US 5 – White River Junction | Also serves VA Hospital | |||
| 72.010 | 115.889 | 12 | 72 | To US 5 – Wilder, White River Junction | ||||
| Norwich | 74.830 | 120.427 | 13 | 74 |  US 5 / VT 10A – Norwich, Hanover, NH | Also serves Montshire Museum of Science | ||
| Orange | Thetford | 84.210 | 135.523 | 14 | 84 |  VT 113 to US 5 – Thetford | Also serves Chelsea and Lyme, NH | |
| Fairlee | 91.540 | 147.319 | 15 | 91 | US 5 – Fairlee, Orford, NH | Also serves Lake Morey and Lake Fairlee | ||
| Bradford | 97.630 | 157.120 | 16 | 97 |  VT 25 to US 5 – Bradford, Barre | Also serves Newbury and Piermont, NH | ||
| Town of Newbury | 110.340 | 177.575 | 17 | 110 |  US 302 to US 5 – Wells River, Woodsville, NH | Also serves South Ryegate and Groton | ||
| Caledonia | Barnet | 120.450 | 193.845 | 18 | 120 | To US 5 – Barnet, Peacham | Also serves West Barnet, Monroe, NH, McIndoe Falls, and East Ryegate | |
| St. Johnsbury | 128.250 | 206.398 | 19 | 128 |  I-93 south – Littleton, NH | Tri-stack interchange; northern terminus and exits 11A-B on I-93 | ||
| 128.890 | 207.428 | 20 | 129 | US 5 – St. Johnsbury, Passumpsic | ||||
| 130.600 | 210.180 | 21 | 130 |  US 2 – St. Johnsbury, Montpelier | Also serves Danville and Hardwick | |||
| 132.550 | 213.319 | 22 | 132 | To US 5 – St. Johnsbury | ||||
| Lyndon | 137.110 | 220.657 | 23 | 137 |  US 5 to VT 114 – Lyndonville, East Burke | Also serves Lyndon State College | ||
| 140.178 | 225.595 | 24 | 139 |  VT 122 to US 5 / VT 114 – Sheffield, Burke, Lyndonville | Also serves Caledonia County Airport | |||
| Orleans | Barton | 155.950 | 250.977 | 25 | 155 |  VT 16 to US 5 – Barton, Glover | Also serves Hardwick and Crystal Lake | |
| Barton–Orleans– Irasburg tripoint | 161.410 | 259.764 | 26 | 161 |  US 5 / VT 58 – Orleans, Irasburg | Also serves Lake Willoughby and Jay | ||
| Derby | 170.060 | 273.685 | 27 | 170 |   VT 191 to US 5 / VT 105 – Newport | Also serves Lake Memphremagog | ||
| 172.400 | 277.451 | 28 | 172 | US 5 / VT 105 – Newport, Derby Center | Also serves Seymour Lake and Lake Memphremagog | |||
| 177.269 | 285.287 | 29 | 177 | To US 5 – Derby Line | Last exit in the United States | |||
| 177.432 | 285.549 | Derby Line–Rock Island Border Crossing | ||||||
| A-55 north – Magog, Sherbrooke, Montréal | Continuation into Quebec | |||||||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
| ||||||||
See also
edit
Explanatory notes
edit- ^ Miller Run feeds southeast into the Passumpsic River.
References
edit- ^ a b Starks, Edward (January 27, 2022). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways". FHWA Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved December 10, 2022.
- ^ "New Haven, CT" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved June 8, 2009.
- ^ "Background Information on the Interstate". Town of Berlin, Connecticut. Archived from the original on December 30, 2017. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ Rogers, Barbara (2003). Massachusetts Off the Beaten Path: A Guide to Unique Places. Globe Pequot Press. ISBN 9780762726059. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 19, 2019 – via Google Books.
- ^ Nahrgang, Vernon (2003). Fodor's91 New England. Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 359. ISBN 9780679019367. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 19, 2019 – via Google Books.
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- ^ "Interstate Route I-91 Corridor Planning Study" (PDF). pvpc.org. Pioneer Valley Planning Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ Connecticut Department of Transportation. "Department of Transportation Event Detail". www.ct.gov. The State of Connecticut. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
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- ^ a b c d Planning Division (2012). "Route Selection Page". Massachusetts Route Log Application. Massachusetts Department of Transportation. I-91 NB. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ "I-91 Springfield viaduct project ahead of schedule". Greenfield Recorder. January 2, 2018. Archived from the original on August 11, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ Fay, Tony (April 8, 2016). "Cone Zone Alert: Interstate 91 Exit 8". Springfield, Massachusetts: WWLP-TV. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ "I-91 to 40 Old State Rd" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Service Plaza Locations". Mass.gov. Archived from the original on August 9, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Concurrent Roads" (PDF). ctps.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ "Interstate 91 in Vermont" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ Tree, Christina; Foulds, Diane E. (2009). Explorer's Guide Vermont. The Countryman Press. ISBN 9780881508482. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
- ^ Tree, Christina; Hamm, Christine; Imbrie, Katherine (2010). Explorer's Guide New Hampshire. The Countryman Press. ISBN 9780881508413. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
- ^ "Vermont Border to Franklin Pierce Highway" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Vermont I-91 Exits" (PDF). vtransmaps.vermont.gov. Vermont Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 19, 2017. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ "I-91 to I-91" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ Halvorsen, Lisa; O'Brien, Pat Goudey; Tree, Christina (2018). Explorer's Guide Vermont (Fifteenth ed.). The Countryman Press. ISBN 9781682681671. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 17, 2019.
- ^ "White River Junction to St. Johnsbury" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ "Passumpsic River Valley" (PDF). dec.vermont.gov. Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 15, 2017. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Trucker's Exit Guide to Interstate 91" (PDF). truckerguide.com. Trucker Guide Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 26, 2015. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "Highest Elevation on I-91 - Sheffield, Vermont - Elevation Signs on Waymarking.com". www.waymarking.com. Waymarking. Archived from the original on August 16, 2018. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ "I-91 to 1 Autoroute 55" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ Stallings, Doug (2004). Fodor's Where to Weekend Around Boston, 1st Edition. Fodor's Travel Publications. p. 197. ISBN 9781400013012. Archived from the original on January 14, 2023. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ "I-91 to 1 Autoroute 55 Route 5 Parallel" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ "Interstate 91 Traffic Statistics" (PDF). vtrans.vermont.gov. Vermont Agency of Transportation. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 15, 2018. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
- ^ "Building of Vermont section". digital.vpr.net. November 21, 2013. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 5, 2018.
- ^ a b "I-91 Springfield: MassDOT answers your questions about Interstate 91 reconstruction". masslive.com. January 14, 2016. Archived from the original on August 10, 2018. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ a b Madden, Steve. "Spanning the Sound". Newsday. Archived from the original on July 10, 2004. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ^ Division for Historic Preservation (n.d.). "Vermont History Timeline". HistoricVermont.org. Vermont Agency of Commerce and Community Development. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ^ "Drugs, Sex Force Rest Stop Closure". Rutland Herald. Associated Press. December 10, 2008. Archived from the original on July 5, 2009. Retrieved May 10, 2009.
- ^ American Civil Liberties Union of Vermont (n.d.). "Border Patrol Stops". American Civil Liberties Union of Vermont. Archived from the original on February 13, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ^ The Republican Editorials (February 26, 2010). "Editorial: Tapping Potential of Springfield's Riverfront". MassLive. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ^ Office of Planning and Economic Development (2008). "River's Landing Project". City of Springfield, MA. Archived from the original on July 3, 2008. Retrieved December 17, 2011.
- ^ Fay, Tony (January 29, 2016). "Long term solutions: What could become of I-91 in Springfield?". Springfield, Massachusetts: WWLP-TV. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
- ^ Stannard, Charles (May 14, 2002). "The Bridge That Never Was: Cable Flap Brings To Mind Sound-Crossing Controversy". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on September 23, 2015. Retrieved September 18, 2015.
- ^ Anderson, Steve. "William Floyd Parkway". NYCRoads. Archived from the original on June 6, 2010. Retrieved March 18, 2010.[self-published source]
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- ^ Commonwealth of Massachusetts (2015). "Bid Solicitation FAP# HSIP-002S(874) Exit Signage Conversion to Milepost-Based Numbering System along Various Interstates, Routes and the Lowell Connector". COMMBUYS. Archived from the original on September 25, 2015. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
- ^ "Vermont Exit Numbering". Vermont Agency of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved January 14, 2022.
- ^ "Exit Renumbering: Frequently Asked Questions" (PDF). Connecticut Department of Transportation. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
- ^ Division of Policy, Planning and Intermodal Development. "General Highway Maps". Vermont Agency of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved December 3, 2015.
- Town of Brattleboro, Windham County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 10, 2015)
- Urban Compact of Brattleboro–West Brattleboro, Windham County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 16, 2015)
- Town of Dummerston, Windham County Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (June 10, 2015)
- Town of Putney, Windham County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 10, 2015)
- Town of Westminster, Windham County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 22, 2015)
- Town of Rockingham, Windham County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Springfield, Windsor County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Weathersfield, Windsor County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 11, 2015)
- Town of Hartland, Windsor County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Hartford, Windsor County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 19, 2015)
- Town of Norwich, Windsor County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Thetford, Orange County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 11, 2015)
- Town of Fairlee, Orange County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Bradford, Orange County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 11, 2015)
- Town of Newbury, Orange County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 11, 2015)
- Town of Barnet, Caledonia County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 19, 2015)
- Town of Waterford, Caledonia County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Lyndon, Caledonia County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Barton, Orleans County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Village of Orleans, Orleans County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Irasburg, Orleans County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 18, 2015)
- Town of Derby, Orleans County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 16, 2015)
- Village of Derby Line, Orleans County Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine (June 17, 2015)
- ^ Policy, Planning and Intermodal Development Division Traffic Research Unit (May 2013). 2012 (Route Log) AADTs for State Highways (PDF). Montpelier: Vermont Agency of Transportation. pp. 4–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
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- ^ "Exit Numbers and Names: Route I-91 (Longmeadow to Bernardston)". Massachusetts Department of Transportation. 2014. Archived from the original on August 26, 2014. Retrieved August 22, 2014.
- ^ a b c "I-91 Renumbering" (PDF). Massachusetts Department of Transportation. December 5, 2019. Archived from the original on December 25, 2019. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
External links
edit
- I-91 historical overview from bostonroads.com