James Bernard McGovern Jr. (February 4, 1922 – May 6, 1954)[1] was a World War II fighter pilot and later an aviator with the Central Intelligence Agency. He and co-pilot Wallace Buford were the only Americans to die in combat in the First Indochina War. At the time, they were officially employees of Civil Air Transport.
James B. McGovern Jr. | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Nickname(s) | "Earthquake McGoon" |
| Born | February 4, 1922 Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States |
| Died | May 6, 1954 (aged 32) Northern Laos |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance | United States |
| Service | United States Army Air Forces |
| Years of service | 1942–1954 |
| Rank | Captain |
| Battles / wars | World War II First Indochina War |
| Awards | Purple Heart Knight of the Legion of Honour (France) |
Early life and education
editHe was born in Elizabeth, New Jersey. After graduating from high school in 1940, he went to work for the Wright Aircraft Engineering Company in Paterson, New Jersey.[1]
Career
editWorld War II
editMcGovern enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps in May 1942.[1] He served in China in 1944 as part of the 14th Air Force's 118th Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron, 23rd Fighter Group.[2] The 118th was known for its "Black Lightning" markings on its P-51s that have been carried forward to the C-21s that they fly today as the 118th Airlift Squadron. During this time, he was credited with shooting down four Japanese Zero fighters, and destroying another five on the ground.[3]
The nickname "Earthquake McGoon" was given to McGovern in World War II because the first four letters of his last name, and, like the namesake character in the Li'l Abner comic strip, he was a big man at about 6 feet (1.8 m) and 260 pounds (120 kg) (considered large for a fighter pilot).
Prisoner of Chinese Communists
editOn December 5, 1949 a plane he was piloting crash landed in Guangxi province. The plane was flying from Hong Kong to Kunming. Its automatic direction finder failed. Additional technical trouble caused a forced landing 180 miles west of Nanning. McGovern and the other passengers were captured by Chinese guerrilla fighters. On January 4, 1950 they reached Nanning and were told they were prisoners.[4] He was later released in May 1950.
Dien Bien Phu
editOn May 6, 1954, his C-119 Flying Boxcar cargo plane was hit twice by ground fire, first in the port engine, then in the horizontal stabilizer,[1] while parachuting a howitzer to the besieged French garrison at Dien Bien Phu during the First Indochina War.[5] He managed to fly 75 miles (121 km), but just short of a landing strip in Laos, a wingtip clipped a tree.[1] Moments before impact, McGovern was heard to say over his radio, "Looks like this is it, son."[6] McGovern, his co-pilot Wallace Buford, and two French crewmen were killed. Two others were thrown clear; one later died of their injuries. The day after, the garrison at Dien Bien Phu surrendered.
McGovern's skeletal remains were discovered in an unmarked grave in northern Laos in 2002. They were identified in September 2006 by laboratory experts at the U.S. military's Joint POW/MIA Accounting Command.[7] He was interred in Arlington National Cemetery on May 24, 2007.
Legacy
editOn February 24, 2005, James McGovern was posthumously awarded (along with Buford and six other surviving pilots) the Legion of Honour with the rank of knight (chevalier) by the President of France Jacques Chirac for their actions in supplying Dien Bien Phu during the 57-day siege.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "A Look Back ... Earthquake McGoon's Final Flight". Central Intelligence Agency. July 16, 2009. Archived from the original on August 5, 2009. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
- ^ "Squadron Roster". 118trs.com. Retrieved October 10, 2012.. The CIA claims he was a member of the 75th Fighter Squadron, 23rd Fighter Group.
- ^ "Remains of 'Earthquake McGoon' sought after 48 years". Archived from the original on 2013-10-25. Retrieved 2007-05-26.
- ^ Associated Press (9 March 1950). "M'Govern, Prisoner Loses 50 Pounds: Chinese Radio Man Escapes from Reds, Reports Communist Food Has Affected Elizabeth Pilot". Hong Kong.
- ^ "The Shootdown of "Earthquake McGoon"". Check-Six.com.
- ^ Fall, Bernard. "Hell in a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu." Da Capo Press, 1966, p. 373-374.
- ^ "CIA Pilot missing in action from Vietnam is identified" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2010-01-27.
- ^ "French-American Relations" (PDF). Embassy of France in the US. February 24, 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2006. Retrieved January 13, 2007.
Further reading
edit- Leary, W.M. (2006). Perilous Missions: Civil Air Transport and CIA Covert Operations in Asia. University of Alabama Press. ISBN 978-0-8173-5340-7.
External links
edit- Vietnam MIA `McGoon' coming home for burial
- The Shootdown of Earthquake McGoon
- James 'Earthquake McGoon' McGovern Jr. Memorial
- McGovern's two victory credits
- CAT Pilots to be honored by France
- History of 103rd Airlift Wing Archived 2023-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
- Image of the cartoon Earthquake McGoon
