John Ainsworth Horrocks (22 March 1818 – 23 September 1846) was an English pastoralist and explorer who was one of the first European settlers in the Clare Valley of South Australia where, in 1840, he established the village of Penwortham.
John Ainsworth Horrocks | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 22 March 1818 |
| Died | 23 September 1846 (aged 28) |
| Occupation(s) | Explorer of South Australia, Pastoralist |
Biography
editHorrocks was born on Easter Sunday, 22 March 1818, at Penwortham Lodge, near Preston, Lancashire. His father Peter Horrocks, a son of John Horrocks,[1] was an investor/shareholder in the Secondary Towns Association, which aspired to develop towns in the new colony of South Australia. John Ainsworth Horrocks, aged 21, and his brother Eustace, aged 16, arrived at Adelaide in March 1839. Impatient to settle on their own land, the brothers set up camp on 16 January 1840 at present Penwortham, a village which they founded and named.[2]
He returned to England in 1842 after his father's death, and then went back to Australia in 1844 to attend to financial problems.[2]
Fatal expedition
editOn 29 July 1846 he commenced an exploratory expedition into the far north-west of South Australia, aiming for distant hills near Lake Torrens, hoping to find good agricultural land. His second in command was John Henry Theakston (d.1878), a surveyor who in 1844 had served dutifully as second in command of the ill-fated Darke expedition. An unpaid volunteer in the party was artist and amateur botanist Samuel Thomas Gill. The several hired men included Bernard Kilcoy as cook and driver, and goatherd Jimmy Moorhouse, a young Aboriginal employee at his Penwortham station.[2]
On 1 September, near Lake Dutton, still short of his objective, Horrocks was accidentally shot while reloading his shotgun, one barrel of which was tripped by the packload of a kneeling camel known as Harry, which had been the first camel to arrive in Australia.[3] His injuries included loss of the middle finger of the right hand and a row of teeth from the right upper jaw.[4][5] The expedition was abandoned and the party returned to Horrocks's home at Penwortham, where he died of his wounds on 23 September. On Horrocks's order, the camel, which had previously attacked other animals and humans, was shot dead.[2]
Horrocks is buried at St. Mark's Anglican Church, the land for which he had earlier donated to the town.[2]
Legacy
editAlthough Horrocks's expedition thus failed to reach its objective, in 1851 this was achieved by Horrocks's close associate John Jackson Oakden.[6]
Horrocks gave his name to several geographical features in the vicinity of Mount Remarkable and the Clare Valley, such as Horrocks Pass near Mount Remarkable and Mount Horrocks near Clare.[7] Main North Road from Gawler to Wilmington and the Wilmington to Quorn road were renamed Horrocks Highway in 2011.[8]
A short biography published in 1906 was derived from Horrocks's diary plus notes written by his sister.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Timmins, J. Geoffrey. "Horrocks, John (1768–1804)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13807. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d e Chittleborough, Jon (2005). "Horrocks, John Ainsworth (1818–1846)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. Supplemental Volume. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ^ "Afghan cameleers in Australia". australia.gov.au. 15 August 2014. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
- ^ The late Mr J. A. Horrocks, The South Australian Advertiser, 29 May 1898, p.6, at Trove
- ^ Favenc, Ernest, 12.1. Lake Torrens Pioneers and Horrocks in The Explorers of Australia (Whitcombe and Tombs 1908) at Project Gutenberg Australia
- ^ "The Country to the North-West". South Australian. 6 May 1851. p. 2.
- ^ "PlaceNames Online". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007.
- ^ "Highways renamed in SA", Prime Mover Magazine, 10 August 2011, archived from the original on 5 October 2013, retrieved 19 September 2014
- ^ J. A. Horrocks, or Sixty Years Ago, the Children’s Hour, vol. 18, no. 201, Classes 4 & 5, S.A. Education Dept., 1906, pp 131–137.
Further reading
edit- Morphett G. C., John Ainsworth Horrocks (Adelaide 1946)
- Pearce, G. A., John Ainsworth Horrocks of Penwortham (Watervale, SA, 1986)
- Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of Australasia: South Australian Branch, 1899, p 83, 1904–5, pp 36–48
- South Australian Register, 1 July 1846, p 2, 4 July 1846, p 2, 15 July 1846, p 3, 18 July 1846, 12 September 1846, 30 September 1846, 3 October 1846, 10 October 1846
- Horrocks family papers, PRG 966 (State Library of South Australia).