John Augustus (c. 1785 – June 21, 1859) was an American boot maker and penal reformer. He is credited with coining the English term "probation"[1] and is called the "Father of Probation" in the United States because of his pioneering efforts to campaign for more lenient sentences for convicted criminals based on their backgrounds.
Life
editAugustus was born in Woburn, Massachusetts. His interest in prisoner rehabilitation began in 1841, when he was touched by the case of a man arrested for public intoxication and paid his bail, moving the judge to set the man free. Thus began Augustus' practice of paying peoples' bail.[2] Augustus' success rate could rival - and possibly surpass - the success rate of any rehabilitation program available today. His work brought him the devotion and aid of many Boston philanthropists and organizations. Augustus' success started him on an 18-year run as the first probation officer. At his death, it was noted that of the 1,946 people he helped, only ten proved unworthy (for which he forfeited bail).[2][3]
Augustus died on June 21, 1859, in Boston, Massachusetts.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "History of Probation - Probation". www.nyc.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ a b "The History of Probation | County of San Mateo, CA". www.smcgov.org. Retrieved 2023-02-21.
- ^ John Augustus, Father of Probation, and the Anonymous Letter - Federal Probation Archived October 26, 2014, at the Wayback Machine, A Journal of Correctional Philosophy and Practice - Vol. 70 Number 1] [dead link]
External links
editThis article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2010) |
Johnson, Rossiter, ed. (1906). "Augustus, John". The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 165.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)- New York Division of Probation and Correctional Alternatives - History of Probation: Meet John Augustus
- New York City Department of Probation - Brief History of Probation