The Josutu League (Mongolian: ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan, ᠵᠣᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ Chinese: 卓索圖盟; pinyin: Zhuōsuǒtú Méng) was the southernmost league of Inner Mongolia during Qing rule. It occupied land that forms part of the modern-day Chinese provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, and Chifeng in China's Inner Mongolia.
The name of Josutu was named after a place in the Tumed Right (wing) Banner (not Tumed Right Banner), where Mongol princes regularly gathered together to administer inter-banner affairs.
Divisions
editThe Josutu League consisted of two ayimag or five banners.
- Tümed ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ (or Eastern Tümed): two banners
- Tümed Left Wing Banner (Mongghuljin Banner), led by descendants of Jelme
- Tümed Right Wing Banner, led by descendants of the Chinggisid Altan Khan
- Kharachin ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ: three banners, all of which were led by descendants of Jelme
In addition, the Khalkha Banner (Tangghud-Khaklha Banner) was split from the Tümed Left Banner in 1913 under the Republic of China.
Dissolution
editThe league was dissolved in 1933 by the Manchukuo government. Its territory is now distributed among the modern administrative regions:
- Fuxin County from the Tümed Left Banner.
- Chaoyang County from the Tümed Right Banner.
- Lingyuan (or Jianchang) County from the Kharachin Left Banner.
- Pingquan County annexed a large portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
- Jianping County corresponds to an eastern portion of the Kharachin Right and Middle Banners.
There remain two Mongol autonomous counties in Liaoning.
- Some portion of the former Tümed Left Banner became Fuxin Mongol Autonomous County, Fuxin City.
- The remaining portion of the former Kharachin Left Banner became Kharachin Left Wing Mongol Autonomous County, Chaoyang City.
See also
editReferences
edit- Yamazaki Sōyo 山崎惣與, Manshū-koku chimei daijiten 滿洲國地名大辭典, p.556,758, 1941.