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Jules Léotard (French: [leɔtaʁ]; 1 August 1838 – 16 August 1870) was a French acrobatic performer and aerialist who developed the art of trapeze. He also created and popularized the one-piece gym wear that now bears his name and inspired the 1867 song "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze", sung by George Leybourne.
Jules Léotard | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Jules Léotard 1 August 1838 |
| Died | 16 August 1870 (aged 32) Toulouse, France |
| Known for | Trapeze Acrobatics |
Biography
editLéotard was born in Toulouse, France, the son of a gymnastics instructor who ran a swimming pool in Toulouse. Léotard would practice his routines over the pool.[1] He went on to study law.
After he passed his law exams, he seemed destined to join the legal profession,[2] but at age 18 he began to experiment with trapeze bars, ropes, and rings suspended over a swimming pool. He later joined the Cirque Napoléon.[3]
On 12 November 1859, the first flying trapeze routine was performed by Jules Léotard on three trapeze bars at the Cirque Napoleon.[4]
The costume he invented was a one-piece knitted garment streamlined to suit the safety and agility concerns of trapeze performance. It also showed off his physique,[5] impressed spectators, and took on his name.
At age twenty-four in July 1862, Léotard married a Tuscan actress named Silvia Bernini, whom he had met earlier in January. They bought an estate in France and met each other's families. Yet by June 1864, Léotard, who was on a trip in Paris, informed Bernini via telegraph that he was seeking a divorce.[6] Bernini traveled to Paris to speak with her husband, but they only argued more. Bernini then went to a hotel, disguised herself as a servant, and "cut off her hair, sent it to her husband in a parcel, and attempted to commit suicide by throwing herself into the Seine."[7] She survived. The two ultimately divorced.
In 1861, he performed in London at the Alhambra music hall. His approach did not stress the risk he took, but emphasized the "ease and grace" of his trapeze work, inspiring not fear but wonder.[8]
Léotard inspired the 1867 song The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze, made popular by George Leybourne.[9]
He was also one of the cycling pioneers in France right before his death at age 32.[10]
According to notes from the Victoria and Albert Museum, Jules Léotard died in 1870 from an infectious disease (possibly smallpox).[11]
References
edit- ^ Lynch, Annette; Strauss, Mitchell D. (30 October 2014). Ethnic Dress in the United States: A Cultural Encyclopedia. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-7591-2150-8.
- ^ McPherson, Douglas (1 April 2011). Circus Mania!. Peter Owen Publishers. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7206-1386-5.
- ^ Cullen, Frank; Hackman, Florence; McNeilly, Donald (16 October 2006). Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America. Psychology Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-415-93853-2.
- ^ Ward, Steve (27 May 2017). Sawdust Sisterhood: How Circus Empowered Women. Fonthill Media. p. 87.
- ^ Marciano, John Bemelmans (3 November 2009). Anonyponymous: The Forgotten People Behind Everyday Words. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-60819-162-8.
- ^ "LEOTARD'S DIVORCE CASE." Reynolds's Newspaper, March 5, 1865. British Library Newspapers (accessed December 2, 2023). https://link-gale-com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/apps/doc/Y3200540808/BNCN?u=umn_wilson&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=d4591a22.
- ^ "LEOTARD'S DIVORCE CASE." Reynolds's Newspaper, March 5, 1865. British Library Newspapers (accessed December 2, 2023). https://link-gale-com.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/apps/doc/Y3200540808/BNCN?u=umn_wilson&sid=bookmark-BNCN&xid=d4591a22.
- ^ Diamond, Michael (2004). Victorian Sensation, Or the Spectacular, the Shocking and the Scandalous in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Anthem Press. pp. 262, 264. ISBN 1-84331-150-X. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ^ Leach, Robert (2018). An Illustrated History of British Theatre and Performance. Vol. Two, From the Industrial Revolution to the Digital Age. Taylor & Francis. p. NA. ISBN 9780429873331. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
- ^ "Palmares Jules Léotard at CyclingRanking.com". CyclingRanking.com.
- ^ "V&A · The story of circus". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
External links
edit- "Jules Leotard". Theatre and Performance. Victoria and Albert Museum. Archived from the original on 9 January 2011. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
