The Hon. Kamla Persad-Bissessar SC MP (pronounced [kəmlɑː prəsɑːd̪-biseːsər] (); born Kamla Susheila Persad,[5] 22 April 1952),[7] often referred to by her initials KPB, is a Trinidadian lawyer, politician and educator who is the Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago, political leader of the United National Congress (UNC) political party, and was the prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago from 26 May 2010 until 9 September 2015. She was the country's first female prime minister, attorney general, and Leader of the Opposition,[8][9] the first woman to chair the Commonwealth of Nations[10] and the first woman of Indian origin to be a prime minister of a country outside of India and the wider subcontinent.
Kamla Persad-Bissessar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Persad-Bissessar in 2013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7th Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 21 September 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Keith Rowley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Keith Rowley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 6th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office 26 May 2010 – 9 September 2015 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President |
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| Preceded by | Patrick Manning | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Keith Rowley | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4th Political Leader of the United National Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assumed office 24 January 2010 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Basdeo Panday | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | Kamla Susheila Persad[5] 22 April 1952 Siparia, Colony of Trinidad and Tobago, British Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | United National Congress (1994–present) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other political affiliations | National Alliance for Reconstruction (1987–1994) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouse |
Gregory Bissessar (m. 1971) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residence(s) | Phillipine, Penal-Debe, Trinidad and Tobago[6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Education | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Occupation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards | Pravasi Bharatiya Samman (2012) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Persad-Bissessar became political leader of the UNC in 2010.[11] In 2011, Persad-Bissessar was named the thirteenth most influential female leader around the world by Time magazine.[12]
Persad-Bissessar held the premiership from May 2010 to September 2015, where she was also the leader of the People's Partnership - a political coalition of centre and center-left wing parties that governed the country. Since September 2015, she has been the Leader of the Opposition of Trinidad and Tobago. After the coalition disbanded in September 2015, following their electoral defeat, Persad-Bissessar attempted to regain power in the August 2020 elections; however, the UNC only managed to increase their seat count by 2 and the popular vote by 20,000. Nonetheless, the PNM under the leadership of Keith Rowley (who later became Trinidad and Tobago's seventh Prime Minister) maintained power and was re-elected, however, with a smaller majority.
Early life and ancestry
editKamla Susheila Persad was born in Siparia[13] in southern Trinidad to Lilraj and Rita Persad, both Hindus of Indian descent.[14][15] Her father was a bookkeeper and worked in the accounting department of Texaco, while her mother was a maid and labourer in the cocoa fields, who eventually saved up to own and operate a roti shop. Her paternal grandparents were Soomintra Persad (née Gopaulsingh) and Choranji Persad, and her maternal grandparents were Rookmin and Ramprit.[16] Her paternal grandmother, Soomintra, was a market seller who was a founding member of the Saraswati Prakash Mandir, a Hindu temple at Boodoo Trace in Penal, and she had organized a ladies Indian singing and Hindu prayer group, as well as being an elder counsellor who helped those in need. Her maternal grandmother, Rookmin, and her maternal great-grandmother, Sumaria, were both laborers in the sugarcane and cocoa fields and both had to become the breadwinners to support their families after their husbands died at young ages.[17][5] Persad-Bissessar has said that she credits her mother, grandmothers, and great-grandmother as setting examples for her in feminism and paving the way for her.[17] Persad-Bissessar had one brother and three sisters, her brother, Roland, and eldest sister, Shirley, are deceased and her other two sisters are Vidwatie Newton who lived in England and Sally Ahamad who lives in New York.[18][19][20]
She was born into a Brahmin Hindu Indian family.[14] Her ancestors emigrated in the 1880s from India to Trinidad through the Indian indenture system. Her maternal great-grandparents (her maternal grandmother's parents) were Sumaria and Seepersad who were from India. Sumaria was from present-day Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India and had left India from the Madras Port.[16] Her paternal great-grandparents (her paternal grandfather's parents) were Pundit Ram Lakhan Mishra and Ganga Mishra who were from India. Pundit Ram Lakhan Mishra was from Bhelupur, Bihar, India. After indentureship, Pundit Ram Lakhan and Ganga Mishra had settled at Boodoo Trace in the town of Penal in southern Trinidad. In 2012, Persad-Bissessar visited her paternal great-grandfather's village on a state visit to India.[21]
Persad-Bissessar spent her early childhood living in a joint family with her parents and paternal grandparents at Boodoo Trace in Penal, where she attended the Mohess Road Hindu School. In 1959, at the age of seven, her family moved to Siparia where she attended the Erin Road Presbyterian Primary School, and later the Siparia Union Presbyterian Primary School. In 1963, she was accepted to Iere High School in Siparia, a new co-ed school at the time. There she was a top debating student, champion badminton and netball player, and she excelled in her classes and was put into special classes to write the GCE O Levels in 1966. She graduated in 1969.[16]
When Persad-Bissessar was sixteen, she wanted to go to the United Kingdom to further her studies, but her traditional father and uncles insisted she stayed in Trinidad and Tobago. However, her mother eventually convinced them to send her.[14][16] Persad-Bissessar then left Trinidad at the age of seventeen, in August 1969, to attended Norwood Technical College in West Norwood, London, England.[16] While in college in England, she worked as a social worker with the Church of England's Children's Society of London.
By the time she left Trinidad she had already met her future husband Gregory Bisessar and he was already in England when she was attending college. They married two years later in 1971, when she was eighteen and he was twenty-two. They later left England for Jamaica, where they spent fourteen years.[18] In Jamaica she attended the University of the West Indies in Mona and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (Hons.) in 1974 and a post-graduate Diploma of Education in 1976.[22] After graduating, she taught at St Andrew High School in Kingston and at the University of the West Indies in Mona, and she was also a consultant lecturer at the Jamaica College of Insurance. She was the youngest lecturer, at the age of twenty-five, to the ever teach at the University of the West Indies.[23] She was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship to attend Columbia University to do research leading to a PhD but she opted to study law instead.[24] In 1985, she graduated from the University of the West Indies at Cave Hill with her Bachelor of Laws (Hons.). During her time UWI, Cave Hill she gave birth to her son.[25] In 1987, she graduated from Hugh Wooding Law School with her Legal Education Certificate at the top of her class, with awards for being the most outstanding student and having the best overall performance.[24][23][22] In 2006, she obtained an Executive Masters in Business Administration from the University of West Indies Arthur Lok Jack Graduate School of Business in San Juan, Trinidad and Tobago.
Political career
editIn 1987 Persad-Bissessar entered politics serving as an alderwoman on the Saint Patrick County Council until 1991. She then became an opposition senator from 1994 until 1995. Persad-Bissessar then became a Member of Parliament for the Siparia constituency in 1995 and has been ever since. She served as Attorney General in 1995 until Ramesh Maharaj was able to disassociate himself from ongoing cases and again in 2001 after Maharaj left the party. When the UNC formed Government on 22 December 2000, she was sworn in as the Minister of Education.
On 25 April 2006 she received the support of the majority of Opposition MPs for the post of Leader of the Opposition.[26] The position of Leader of the Opposition was declared vacant by President George Maxwell Richards[27] after Basdeo Panday was convicted of failing to make an accurate declaration to the Integrity Commission concerning a bank account held in London.[28] Persad-Bissessar was subsequently appointed Leader of the Opposition on 26 April 2006.[citation needed]
Political leader
editOn 24 January 2010, Kamla Persad-Bissessar was elected political leader of the UNC, emerging victorious over the party's founder and former prime minister, Basdeo Panday. She was formally appointed opposition leader on 25 February 2010, having gained the support of a majority of UNC MPs.[citation needed]
Prime minister
edit
Persad-Bissessar took office as prime minister after the victory of the People's Partnership in the general election of 24 May 2010, defeating the previous government of the People's National Movement, which had called an early election. Her election campaign has been analysed as a successful attempt to bring together people with different ethnic backgrounds and ideological affiliations under female leadership.[29] She was the first female prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago and is also the first female Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. She was succeeded as Chairperson-in-Office by Julia Gillard with the opening of the 2011 CHOGM on 28 October 2011.
Leader of the Opposition
editOn 21 September 2015, Persad-Bissessar was appointed leader of the opposition by president Anthony Carmona after her party was defeated at the polls, following the 7 September 2015 general elections. The People's National Movement led by Keith Rowley secured 23 out of 41 seats to form the government, while the People's Partnership coalition led by Persad-Bissessar secured 18 out of the 41 seats in the House of Representatives to form the opposition. In the 2020 general election, the People's National Movement won re-election and Persad-Bissessar remained the Leader of the Opposition. However, the United National Congress did pick up two more seats than previously held.
Awards
edit
| Year | Country | Award Name | Given by | Field of Merit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 |  India |
Pravasi Bharatiya Samman | President of India | Public Services |
Personal life
editPersad-Bissessar married Gregory Bissessar in 1971 and they have one son.[30] She and her husband reside in Philippine, Penal-Debe, Trinidad and Tobago.[31] She is a grandmother of two and has described herself as an adherent of both Hinduism and the Spiritual Baptist faith.[32] She had raised her brother's children after he died in a car accident.[33]
References
edit- ^ "PM Kamla Persad-Bissessar, New Chair of CARICOM, Opens Conference of Heads of Government". 3 July 2013.
- ^ "End of Year Message by the Hon. Kamla Persad-Bissessar Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago and Chairman of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM)". 31 December 2013.
- ^ "PM Kamla Persad-Bissessar, New Chair of CARICOM, Opens Conference of Heads of Government". 3 July 2013.
- ^ "PM Kamla Persad-Bissessar, New Chair of CARICOM, Opens Conference of Heads of Government". 3 July 2013.
- ^ a b c "A LEADER'S JOURNEY, Part 2: The Young Kamla Susheila Persad". 9 September 2021.
- ^ "Kamla house project ongoing".
- ^ Sookraj, Radhica (26 May 2010). "Kamla came from humble beginnings". Trinidad and Tobago Guardian. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) PNM lose to Peoples Partnership in Trinidad elections 2010]. Ttgapers.com 24 May 2010. - ^ Skard, Torild (2014) "Kamla Persad-Bissessar" in Women of power – half a century of female presidents and prime ministers worldwide, Bristol: Policy Press ISBN 978-1-44731-578-0, pp. 271–3
- ^ "Kamla makes call for keener focus on women". The Trinidad Guardian Newspaper. 13 March 2011. Retrieved 8 January 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ http://www.cananews.net/news/131/ARTICLE/49722/2010-05-25.html [permanent dead link]
- ^ "Top Female Leaders Around the World". Time. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ "Kamla Persad-Bissessar". Columbia University World Leaders Forum. Archived from the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
- ^ a b c "Meet T and T PM, Kamla". Nationnews.com. 11 June 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2019. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ "Penal businessmen to work with Kamla". Guardian.co.tt. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e "Kamla Persad Bissessar". Retrieved 25 March 2019 – via Facebook.[non-primary source needed]
- ^ a b "A Leader's Journey: 'The Young Kamla Persad'". 21 August 2021.
- ^ a b "Meet T and T PM, Kamla". 11 June 2010.
- ^ "Kamla's sister paid $868,258". Trinidad and Tobago Newsday Archives. 26 April 2012. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ "PM returns home after visiting her ailing sister in New York - Trinidad and Tobago Government News". News.gov.tt. Archived from the original on 19 November 2022. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ "Trinidad's 'daughter PM' returns to village in Bihar for an emotional reunion". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Trinidad and Tobago Prime Minister Inducted into UWI, Mona Honour Park". 9 August 2012.
- ^ a b "Trinidad and Tobago Parliament". Ttparliament.org. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
- ^ a b "Kamla came from humble beginnings".
- ^ https://www.facebook.com/kickoutpnm/photos/a.388074248004226/2747559242055703/?type=3 [bare URL]
- ^ Lord, Richard. 2006. "Leader Kamla: President's move forces UNC crisis decision" Archived 28 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Trinidad Express, 26 April 2006.
- ^ "Lawyers criticise Max for declaring vacancy" Archived 28 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Trinidad Express, 26 April 2006.
- ^ Cummings, Stephen (16 January 2006). "Trinidad's opposition leader set to go on trial". Caribbean Net News. Archived from the original on 3 February 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.
- ^ Esposito, Eleonora (2021). Politics, Ethnicity and the Postcolonial Nation: A critical analysis of political discourse in the Caribbean. John Benjamins. ISBN 9789027259981.
- ^ House of Representatives: Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago. Ttparliament.org. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "Kamla house project ongoing".
- ^ Meet T and T PM, Kamla Archived 8 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine NationNews Barbados, June 2010.
- ^ Adams, William Lee (16 September 2011). "Top Female Leaders Around the World". Time. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
External links
edit
- Official website
- Kamla's Karma – Anthony Milne, Trinidad Express 10 June 2002.
- Biography from Nalis.