Karel Koželuh (Czech: [ˈkarɛl ˈkoʒɛlux]; Hungarian: Kozeluh Károly [ˈkozɛluh ˈkaːroj];[1] 7 March 1895 – 27 April 1950) was a Czech tennis, association football, and ice hockey player of the 1920s and 1930s. Koželuh became a European ice hockey champion in 1925 and was one of the top-ranked players on the professional tennis circuit in the 1930s.
 Koželuh in 1919 | |
| Country (sports) |  Austro-Hungarian Empire (before 1918) Czechoslovakia (after 1918) |
|---|---|
| Born | 7 March 1895 Prague, Austria-Hungary |
| Died | 27 April 1950 (aged 55) Prague, Czechoslovakia |
| Height | 1.73 m (5 ft 8 in) |
| Plays | Right-handed |
| Int. Tennis HoF | 2006 (member page) |
| Singles | |
| Highest ranking | No. 1 (1927, Ray Bowers) |
| Professional majors | |
| US Pro | W (1929, 1932, 1937) |
| French Pro | W (1930) |
Rugby, football and ice hockey years
editKoželuh was born in Prague, Austria-Hungary (today's Prague, Czech Republic), one of seven brothers and two sisters. His sports career began with rugby and it was only at the age of 16 that he learned to play tennis. In 1914 he joined the soccer team of Sparta Prague. In later years Koželuh also played for DFC Prag (Prague), Teplitzer FK (Teplice) and Wiener AC (Vienna).
He played international football for both Austria and Czechoslovakia.[2][3]
In 1925, he was a member of the Czechoslovakia ice hockey team that won the European Championship, scoring the winning goal in the final game.
Tennis
editEarly years
editKoželuh became a professional tennis coach at a fairly young age and thereby made himself ineligible to play in any amateur tournaments. In 1912 he beat Roman Najuch in the Germany Pro Championships in Wiesbaden. He competed in the few professional tournaments that took place in Europe in the 1920s, contested primarily between teaching professionals. He became known in these tournaments for his speed, his endurance, and his fine groundstrokes from the baseline. Koželuh used the Continental grip, in which both the forehand and backhand are hit with the same grip, and preferred to play as much as ten feet behind the baseline, returning balls endlessly to the other court, almost never advancing to the net. Seldom hitting the ball very hard, he was content to outrun and outlast his opponents in exhausting matches of attrition. He won the most prestigious of these European tournaments, the Bristol Cup, played in Beaulieu, France, six times.
He was 5 feet 8 inches tall and weighed 145 pounds. The American tennis player Vinnie Richards said he was "seamy-faced, cadaverous-looking and, in general, resembled a cigar-store Indian."
Professional years
editWhen a U.S. professional tour was started, Koželuh was one of the first players to join it, being signed up for it by Vinnie Richards, who made a special trip to Europe for that purpose. In 1928, his first year in the U.S. as a professional, he beat Richards 15 matches to 5. In the following years Koželuh continued to dominate Richards, in 1929 beating him 5 times to 2 and in 1930 4 times to 2. After watching one of their lengthy matches, a tennis expert of the time, J. Parmly Paret, wrote in American Lawn Tennis, that Koželuh had "the most perfect defense that I have seen... But defense alone does not make a champion." He went on to say that either Henri Cochet or Bill Tilden at their best would be able to defeat Koželuh by attacking him consistently from the net. Koželuh defended his somewhat tedious baseline style by saying, "Why should I change my style when it is so successful?"[4]
Bill Tilden, the greatest player of the 1920s, turned professional at the end of 1930 and organized a tour with himself to play the headline match against Koželuh. Their first encounter was on 18 February 1931 before 14,000 spectators in Madison Square Garden in New York. Tilden won three straight sets in only 65 minutes, attacking from both the baseline and the net and overwhelming Koželuh with his power. Tilden won the next eight matches as well, all of them played indoors on a canvas surface that seldom had enough room for Koželuh to play his normal game far behind the baseline. Koželuh finally won their tenth match on an outdoor concrete court at the Los Angeles Tennis Club. In the course of the year, both in the United States and in Europe, the Czech eventually beat Tilden 17 times while losing 50 matches to him. Koželuh had firmly established himself as one of the half-dozen best players in the world.
Koželuh had already beaten Vinnie Richards to win the United States Pro Championship in 1929. He went on to win the title again in 1932, defeating the German Hans Nüsslein, and in 1937,[5] beating the American Bruce Barnes at The Greenbrier in West Virginia at the age of 42. With this win, he became the oldest winner of a major professional singles tournament. In the first round at the Greenbrier tournament in 1938 (not classed as the US Pro that year), Koželuh faced Greenbrier golf professional Sam Snead, beating him in three straight sets.[6] Koželuh was the losing finalist at the US Pro in 1928, 1930, 1934 and 1935. Koželuh was a six-time winner of the Bristol Cup in Menton, France, which was the most prestigious professional title in the world in the 1920s. He also won the World Pro tournament in Deauville, France, in 1925. Another major title for Koželuh was the French Professional Championship of 1930.
Karel Koželuh was the older brother of the tennis player Jan Koželuh. Jan was ranked as high as the world number 10 amateur in 1927.[7] Karel was ranked joint world number 1 professional in 1927 by Ray Bowers (with Richards)[8] and number 1 alone in 1928 by Bowers[8] and in 1929 by Bowers,[9] American Lawn Tennis,[10] and Bill Tilden.[11]
Koželuh was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island, in 2006.
Death
editKoželuh was killed in a car accident outside Prague on 27 April 1950.[7]
Major finals
editPro Slam tournaments
editSingles: 8 (4 titles, 4 runners-up)
edit| Result | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loss | 1928 | U.S. Pro | Grass |  Vincent Richards |
6–8, 3–6, 6–0, 2–6 |
| Win | 1929 | U.S. Pro | Grass | Vincent Richards |
6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 7–5 |
| Win | 1930 | French Pro | Clay |  Albert Burke |
6–1, 6–2, 6–1 |
| Loss | 1930 | U.S. Pro | Grass | Vincent Richards |
2–6, 10–8, 6–3, 6–4 |
| Win | 1932 | U.S. Pro | Clay |  Hans Nüsslein |
6–2, 6–3, 7–5 |
| Loss | 1934 | U.S. Pro | Clay |  Hans Nüsslein |
4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 5–7 |
| Loss | 1935 | U.S. Pro | Clay | William Tilden |
0–6, 6–1, 6–4, 0–6, 6–4 |
| Win | 1937 | U.S. Pro | Clay | Bruce Barnes |
6–2, 6–3, 4–6, 4–6, 6–1 |
References
edit- ^ Béla Kehrling, ed. (25 October 1929). "Külföldi hírek" [International news] (PDF). Tennisz és Golf (in Hungarian). I (12). Budapest, Hungary: Egyesült Kő-, Könyvnyomda. Könyv- és Lapkiadó Rt.: 293. Retrieved 15 July 2013.
- ^ "Players Appearing for Two or More Countries". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 3 August 2008. Retrieved 9 July 2014.
- ^ Karel Koželuh, WorldFootball.net
- ^ McCauley, Joe (2000). The History of Professional Tennis. Windsor: The Short Run Book Company Limited. p. 20.
- ^ "History of the Pro Tennis Wars, Chapter VIII: 1937". Retrieved 15 October 2019.
- ^ The Boston Globe, 26 April 1938
- ^ a b "Causa". Reflex (in Czech). 2006. Archived from the original on 12 February 2007.
- ^ a b Bowers, Ray. "History of the Pro Tennis Wars, Chapter 2, part 1: 1927-1928" – via tennisserver.com.
- ^ Bowers, Ray. "History of the Pro Tennis Wars, Chapter 2, part 2: 1929-1930" – via tennisserver.com.
- ^ K. De Lang, ed. (14 January 1930). "Lawntennis". Het Vaderland (in Dutch). Vol. 61. Beetsterzwaag, Netherlands. p. 15. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Nebraska State Journal, 23 March 1930". newspapers.com. 23 March 1930.
Sources
edit- The History of Professional Tennis, Joe McCauley (2003)
External links
edit- Karel Koželuh at FAČR (also at old FAČR website) (in Czech)
- History of the Pro Tennis Wars
- Karel Koželuh at the International Tennis Hall of Fame
- Biographical information and career statistics from Eliteprospects.com